Deck 16: Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of these substances is usually classified as a saturated triglyceride?

A)Oil
B)Fat
C)Water
D)Cellulose
E)Starch

Answer 1

Fat

Question 2

Which of these fatty acids is commonly found in seafood?

A)Linoleic
B)Stearic
C)Palmitic
D)Eicosapentaenoic
E)Oleic

Answer 2

Eicosapentaenoic

Question 3

Which of these represents the correct general formula for a fatty acid??

A)RCO
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 3

Question 4

Which of these molecules is the primary means for short-term energy storage?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins
E)Plasma

Question 5

Compared to a saturated fat with the same number of carbon atoms, a monounsaturated fat will contain:

A)one more hydrogen atom.
B)two more hydrogen atoms.
C)one fewer hydrogen atom.
D)two fewer hydrogen atoms.
E)none of the above.

Question 6

Which of these molecules controls a majority of our body's chemistry?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins
E)Plasma

Question 7

Compared to a saturated fat with the same number of carbon atoms, a polyunsaturated fat will contain:

A)at least four more hydrogen atoms.
B)four more hydrogen atoms.
C)two fewer hydrogen atoms.
D)four fewer hydrogen atoms.
E)at least four fewer hydrogen atoms.

Question 8

Which of these molecules contains the blueprints for proteins?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Vitamins
E)Plasma

Question 9

Which of these triglycerides will be a liquid at room temperature?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 10

Which vitamin is not a lipid?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin E
E)Vitamin K

Question 11

Which of these is a carbohydrate?

A)Cellulose
B)Glucose
C)Fructose
D)Lactose
E)All of the above

Question 12

Which of these is not considered one of the four major types of molecules in a living organism?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins
E)Plasma

Question 13

Which of these statements about triglycerides is correct ?

A)Triglycerides are made from a combination of fatty acids and glycerol.
B)Unsaturated triglycerides will be liquids at room temperature.
C)Triglycerides can act as moisturizers to prevent dryness.
D)Fats and oils serve as insulation for the body.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 14

Which of these statements about lipids is incorrect ?

A)Lipids act as long-term energy reservoirs.
B)Vitamins A, D, and K are lipids.
C)Lipids provide structural integrity in biomembranes.
D)Lipids contain 100 times the energy per gram versus other biomolecules.
E)Lipids are relatively insoluble in water but are extractable in nonpolar solvents.

Question 15

Which of these molecules is not a lipid?

A)Fatty acids
B)Oils
C)Vitamin A
D)Starch
E)Triglycerides

Question 16

Which of these saturated fatty acids can only be acquired from peanuts?

A)Myristic acid
B)Palmitic acid
C)Arachidic acid
D)Stearic acid
E)Linoleic acid

Question 17

Which of these is the correct general formula of a carbohydrate?

A)ROH
B)CH₂O
C)COOH
D)C₂H₂
E)CHO

Question 18

Which of these molecules is the primary means for long-term energy storage?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins
E)Plasma

Question 19

Which of these molecules is the primary structural component in biomembranes?

A)Lipids
B)Nucleic acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Proteins
E)Plasma

Question 20

Triglycerides are formed from a combination of:

A)three glycerol molecules.
B)three glucose molecules.
C)three fatty acid molecules.
D)three steroid molecules.
E)glycerol and fatty acid molecules.

Question 21

Classify this structure.

A)dipeptide
B)amino acid
C)polypeptide
D)protein
E)triglyceride

Question 22

Amino acids are linked together by ____ to form proteins.

A)disulfide linkages
B)hydrogen bonds
C)alpha linkages
D)hydrophobic interactions
E)peptide bonds

Question 23

Which of these determines the secondary structure of a protein?

A)The sequence of amino acids.
B)The ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids.
C)The number of hydrogen bonds which a sequence can form with itself.
D)The number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein.
E)Both C and D are correct.

Question 24

Which of these is not an amino acid?

A)Valine
B)Aspartic acid
C)Histidine
D)Oleic acid
E)Serine

Question 25

Classify this structure.

A)dipeptide
B)fatty acid
C)polypeptide
D)protein
E)triglyceride

Question 26

Which of these is\ are common polysaccharides(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Cellulose
III. Fructose
IV. Starch

A)I only
B)II only
C)II and III
D)I and II
E)II and IV

Question 27

Which of these is \are  not a common monosaccharide(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Fructose
III. Sucrose

A)I only
B)III only
C)II and III
D)I and II
E)I and III

Question 28

How many different amino acids are there in humans?

A)18
B)19
C)20
D)21
E)22

Question 29

Which of these is a basic amino acid?

A)Valine
B)Aspartic acid
C)Histidine
D)Tryptophan
E)Serine

Question 30

A long chain of 50 or more amino acids is known as a(n)____.

A)polysaccharide
B)polyamide
C)polypeptide
D)protein
E)both C and D

Question 31

All amino acids contain which functional group?

A)Carboxylic acid
B)Alcohol
C)Amine
D)Amide
E)More than one of the above

Question 32

Which of these determines the primary structure of a protein?

A)The sequence of amino acids.
B)The number of hydrogen bonds.
C)The ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids.
D)The polarity of the R groups attached to the amino acids.
E)The number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein.

Question 33

Which of these property\ properties is \are true for cellulose but not for starch?
I. A long chain of glucose molecules.
II. Monosaccharide units are connected by beta linkages.
III. Neighboring monosaccharides form hydrogen bonds.
IV. The polysaccharide is easily broken down by enzymes in the body.

A)II only
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)III and IV
E)II, III, and IV

Question 34

Which of these statements about carbohydrates is correct ?

A)Carbohydrates contain both a carboxyl and an amine group.
B)Carbohydrates contain a phosphate backbone with sugar groups.
C)Carbohydrates release more energy per gram than any other biomolecule.
D)Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or their derivatives.
E)Carbohydrates are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with glycerol in an acidic environment.

Question 35

Classify this structure.

A)dipeptide
B)fatty acid
C)polypeptide
D)protein
E)triglyceride

Question 36

Which of these is an acidic amino acid?

A)Isoleucine
B)Aspartic acid
C)Histidine
D)Threonine
E)Alanine

Question 37

Which of these structures is an amino acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 38

Which of these molecules link together to form proteins?

A)Vitamins
B)Amino acids
C)Monosaccharides
D)Fatty acids
E)Triglycerides

Question 39

Which of these is a not a correct property of glucose?

A)It is easily oxidized.
B)It is soluble in water.
C)It releases more energy per gram than lipids.
D)It will undergo a spontaneous intermolecular cyclization.
E)All of these are correct properties of glucose.

Question 40

Which of these property\ properties is \are true for starch but not for cellulose?
I. A long chain of glucose molecules.
II. Monosaccharide units are connected by beta linkages.
III. Neighboring monosaccharides form hydrogen bonds.
IV. The polysaccharide is easily broken down by enzymes in the body.

A)IV only
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)III and IV
E)II, III, and IV

Question 41

Which of these interactions are not characteristic of quaternary and tertiary protein structures?

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Disulfide linkages
C)Salt bridges
D)Peptide bonds
E)Hydrophobic interactions

Question 42

Which of these quaternary interactions result due to acid-base reactions occurring between acidic and basic R groups?

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Disulfide linkages
C)Salt bridges
D)Hydrophobic interactions
E)Peptide bonds

Question 43

Nucleic acids are long chain like molecules composed of regular repeating ____.

A)nucleotides
B)amino acids
C)monosaccharides
D)proteins
E)fatty acids

Question 44

Which of these forces hold the secondary structure of a protein together?

A)Ionic bonds
B)Hydrogen bonds
C)Disulfide linkages
D)Peptide bonds
E)Phosphate-sugar residues

Question 45

Which of these substances is used in recombinant DNA technology to cut DNA at specific locations in the nucleotide sequence?

A)mRNA
B)Codon
C)Ribosome
D)Restriction enzyme
E)Lysozyme

Question 46

Which of these forces holds the two complementary strands of DNA together?

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Disulfide linkages
C)Salt bridges
D)Hydrophobic interactions
E)Peptide bonds

Question 47

Which of these proteins act as an oxygen carrier?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Lysozyme
C)Keratin
D)Insulin
E)None of the above

Question 48

Which of these proteins is an example of a protein which acts as an enzyme?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Insulin
C)Keratin
D)Lysozyme
E)Actin

Question 49

Which of these proteins is an antibacterial agent found in mucus and tears?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Keratin
C)Insulin
D)Lysozyme
E)Valine

Question 50

Which of these determines the quaternary structure of a protein?

A)The sequence of amino acids.
B)The ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids.
C)The number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein.
D)Two or more subchains of amino acids held together by attractions between the chains.
E)Interactions between amino acids separated by significant distances on the protein chain.

Question 51

The process in which DNA unwinds and creates two identical daughter DNA strands is known as ____.

A)coding
B)translation
C)replication
D)transcription
E)cloning

Question 52

Which of these determines the tertiary structure of a protein?

A)The sequence of amino acids.
B)The ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids.
C)The number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein.
D)The number of hydrogen bonds which are made between neighboring amino acids.
E)Interactions between amino acids separated by significant distances on the protein chain.

Question 53

Choose the correct complementary DNA strand for GCTATAC.

A)ATCGCGC
B)CGATATG
C)TUBCGCU
D)UTCGCGT
E)GCTATAC

Question 54

Which of these proteins is an example of a protein which acts as a hormone?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Insulin
C)Keratin
D)Lysozyme
E)Valine

Question 55

Which of these quaternary interactions occur between nonpolar R groups?

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Disulfide linkages
C)Salt bridges
D)Hydrophobic interactions
E)Peptide bonds

Question 56

Which of these techniques is used to separate DNA fragments in recombinant DNA experiments?

A)Hydrophillic precipitation
B)Ionic chromatography
C)Gel electrophoresis
D)Selective filtration
E)Enzyme cleavage

Question 57

Which of these represents the three primary components of a nucleotide?

A)Phosphate, sugar, base
B)Phosphate, acid, base
C)Amine, acid, phosphate
D)Amine, aldehyde, base
E)None of these

Question 58

Which of these is not an application of genetic engineering?

A)Insulin production
B)Spoilage-resistant plants
C)Extrabeefy cattle
D)Cloning
E)All of these are applications.

Question 59

Which of these structures is the location where proteins are synthesized?

A)mRNA
B)Codon
C)tRNA
D)DNA
E)Ribosome

Question 60

The alpha helix structure is the ____ structure of proteins.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)None of the above

Question 61

Which of these scientists are created with discovering the structure of DNA?

A)Watson and Crick
B)Fermi and Einstein
C)Bohr and Pauli
D)Mendeleev and Dalton
E)Schrodinger and Heisenberg

Question 62

Arrange these steps in the correct order for protein synthesis.
I. Protein detaches from the ribosome.
II. DNA unwinds to expose the sequence.
III. mRNA transfers the code to the ribosome.
IV. tRNA fits the correct amino acid sequence together

A)I, II, III, IV
B)II, III, IV, I
C)II, IV, III, I
D)II, I, III, IV
E)III, IV, II, I

Question 63

The portion of the DNA that specifies the sequence of a particular protein is known as a(n)____.

A)chromosome
B)codon
C)nucleotide
D)mRNA
E)gene

Question 64

Which of these is not a base found in DNA?

A)Adenine
B)Guanine
C)Cytosine
D)Tyrosine
E)Thymine

Question 65

Which of these represent patterns found in the secondary structures of proteins?
I. Alpha helix
II. Globular
III. Pleated sheet
IV. Fibrous

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and IV
D)I and III
E)I, III and IV

Question 66

Choose the correct complementary DNA strand for TGTACG?

A)CACGTC
B)CACGTA
C)ACATGC
D)UTCGCG
E)GCTATA