Deck 18: the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The nurse warns a group of college students that atherosclerotic plaque begins to occur after the age of:

A)18.
B)20.
C)25.
D)30.

Answer 1

20.

Question 2

The 85-year-old patient asks the nurse why he has a heart murmur now after all these years.What is the most likely cause of this patient's heart murmur?

A)Hypertension
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Insufficient valves
D)Weakened pacemaker

Answer 2

Insufficient valves

Question 3

When assessing a patient with the complaint of hypertension,the nurse will inquire if the patient routinely takes:

A)vitamins.
B)cold remedies.
C)laxatives.
D)antacids.

Answer 3

cold remedies.

Question 4

The nurse explains that a Doppler flow study is done to:

A)detect a clot in a coronary artery.
B)visualize obstructions in leg vessels.
C)assess efficiency of blood flow through heart chambers.
D)detect a defective heart valve.

Question 5

The nurse outlines behaviors that aid in the prevention of cardiovascular disease,which are: (Select all that apply.)

A)regular physical activity at least 30 minutes a day.
B)maintain high-density lipoprotein (HDL) greater than 50 mg/dL.
C)refrain from smoking.
D)obtain and maintain healthy weight.
E)maintain triglycerides above 150 mg/dL.

Question 6

The patient asks if it is harmful for him to drink a glass of wine with dinner on a daily basis.Which is the nurse's best response?

A)"As long as it is okay with your physician, moderate alcohol intake can be beneficial to your cardiovascular health."
B)"Drinking wine on a daily basis may lead to you having issues with increased blood pressure."
C)"You may want to be careful because drinking wine with dinner may stimulate your appetite significantly."
D)"This practice may cause your triglyceride level to rise, so I would discourage it."

Question 7

The nurse is aware that the eventual outcome of angiotensin on the circulatory system is:

A)vasoconstriction.
B)release of sodium and water to be excreted.
C)increase in blood pressure.
D)decrease in cardiac output.

Question 8

To hear a murmur best,the nurse should ask the patient to:

A)take a deep breath.
B)lean forward.
C)cough.
D)bear down.

Question 9

The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on the older adult patient and notices an irregular rhythm when listening to the apical pulse.The nurse knows that this is often due to what cause in the elderly patient?

A)Loss of cells in the sinoatrial (SA) nodes
B)Increased peripheral resistance
C)Hypertension
D)Atherosclerosis

Question 10

The nurse is correct when explaining to the patient that the portion of the heart that is responsible for contracting the muscle layers in order to pump blood is which structure?

A)Myocardium
B)Endocardium
C)Epicardium
D)Pericardium

Question 11

The 65-year-old patient complains of leg pain that disappears on rest after having walked a short distance.The nurse recognizes the description of the patient's discomfort as being characteristic of:

A)muscle spasm.
B)deep venous thrombosis.
C)claudication.
D)angiospasm.

Question 12

The patient who is to have a stress echocardiogram is instructed that prior to the test she should:

A)eat a full meal.
B)limit caffeine drinks to 1 cup.
C)abstain from smoking for 8 hours.
D)wear hard-soled shoes.

Question 13

When using a 0 to 4+ scale,the nurse records a normal volume pulse as:

A)1+.
B)2+.
C)3+.
D)4+.

Question 14

Following an angiogram,the nurse will assess and record:

A)allergy to dye.
B)range of motion of lower limbs.
C)presence and strength of pedal pulses.
D)nausea.

Question 15

The nurse is explaining to the patient how telemetry will be used during his time in the hospital to help in diagnosing his heart disorder.Which patient statement indicates understanding of teaching?

A)"I will need to stay in bed when the monitor is reading my heart waves."
B)"This test will help determine if I have a blockage in my arteries."
C)"If there is a problem with my heart valves it will show up with telemetry."
D)"The nurses will be able to monitor my heart rate and rhythm."

Question 16

The nurse encourages a 65-year-old female patient to get a cholesterol study because the best indicator of possible heart disease in women is:

A)low levels of high-density lipoprotein.
B)low levels of triglycerides.
C)high levels of high-density lipoprotein.
D)low levels of low-density lipoprotein.

Question 17

The nurse is outlining a teaching program for diabetic patients.Which teaching point will the nurse stress when educating this population about strategies to prevent heart disease?

A)Keep blood sugar below 110 mg/dL.
B)Prevent infections.
C)Eat meals at regular times.
D)Use sterile technique in insulin injections.

Question 18

The nurse explaining blood pressure to a patient instructs that,in a blood pressure of 120/80,the 80 indicates the:

A)pulse pressure.
B)pressure in the relaxed ventricles.
C)relative ejection factor.
D)stroke volume.

Question 19

The nurse suspects arterial insufficiency in the 50-year-old patient when the feet and legs exhibit:

A)equal warmth.
B)shiny, hairless skin.
C)thin, brittle nails.
D)pedal edema.

Question 20

The nurse has assessed the patient to have a blood pressure of 140/90,an apical pulse of 82,and a radial pulse of 76.The nurse records a pulse pressure of:

A)6.
B)56.
C)82.
D)90.

Question 21

During a community presentation on prevention of heart disease,a person asks which disorders are considered congenital.Which responses by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)

A)Arteriosclerosis
B)Coarctation
C)Holes in the septum
D)Valvular defects
E)Atherosclerosis

Question 22

_________ is the acute symptom most experienced by African Americans when having a myocardial infarction.

Question 23

When the nurse uses the PQRST tool for pain assessment,the "R" prompts an inquiry about the __________ of the pain.

Question 24

The nurse assessing the heart places the stethoscope between the fifth and sixth ribs at the mid-clavicular line to hear the point of _________.

Question 25

The nurse who uses a regular sized adult blood pressure cuff on a large adult will get a blood pressure reading that is falsely __________.

Question 26

Cardiac output is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)

A)heart rate.
B)peripheral pulses.
C)venous return.
D)viscosity of the blood.
E)strength of contraction.

Question 27

The nurse lists modifiable risk factors for a patient at risk for cardiovascular disease,which are: (Select all that apply.)

A)smoking.
B)hypertension.
C)obesity.
D)sedentary lifestyle.
E)age.