Deck 13: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

A particular problem area for girls appears tobe the crime of: ​

A)assault.
B)burglary.
C)murder.
D)robbery.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In ________________  (2010), the Supreme Court held that juveniles whocommit crimes that donot involve murder may not be sentenced tolife in prison without the possibility of parole. ​

A)Kent v. United States ​
B)Graham v. Florida
C)In re Winship
D)Roper v. Simmons

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A juvenile whohas been found tohave engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age is referred toas a     ____. ​

A)juvenile delinquent
B)status offender
C)troubled minor
D)wayward youth

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The " chronic 6 percent " of offenders are responsible for roughly   ____     ____of all crimes and two-thirds of all violent crimes. ​

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half ​
D)three-quarters

Question 5

Drug use has been shown tobe a strong risk factor for which category of juveniles? ​

A)African Americans
B)Females
C)Males
D)Whites

Question 6

By definition,      is a term used toexplain the fact that criminal activity declines with age. ​

A)age of conformity
B)age of delinquency
C)age of onset ​
D)aging out

Question 7

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Fifth Amendment ' s double jeopardy clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already been adjudicated in a juvenile court? ​

A)Breed v. Jones
B)In re Gault
C)Kent v. United States
D)McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 8

The ruling in ____________ (1970)required the government toprove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency, raising the burden of proof from a "preponderance of the evidence." ​

A)In re Gault
B)Kent v. United States
C)In re Winship
D)Breed v. Jones

Question 9

In ____, the U.S. Supreme Court forbade the execution of offenders whowere under the age of eighteen when they committed their crimes. ​

A)New Jersey v. T.L.o
B)Fare v. Michael C.
C)Roper v. Simmons
D)In re Gault

Question 10

The____is a document filed with a juvenile court alleging that the juvenile is a delinquent or a status offender and asking the court toeither hear the case or transfer it toan adult court. ​

A)complaint
B)diversion document
C)intake sheet
D)petition

Question 11

Which Supreme Court case determined that due process rights alsoapplied tochildren? ​

A)Breed v. Jones
B)In re Gault
C)Kent v. United States
D)McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 12

Which philosophy allows a police officer todetain a juvenile for his or her own protection, such as when the officer detects a dangerous situation involving family or peers? ​

A)Child-saving
B)Culpability protecting
C)In locoparentis ​
D)Parens patriae

Question 13

What form of child abuse occurs when the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love? ​

A)Emotional abuse ​
B)Child neglect
C)Mental abuse
D)Physical abuse

Question 14

Which of the following is NoT considered a status offense? ​

A)Running away from home ​
B)Truancy ​
C)Smoking cigarettes
D)Drinking and driving

Question 15

In In re Winship , the Supreme Court required the government toprove     ____that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency. ​

A)beyond a reasonable doubt
B)with clear and convincing evidence
C)by a preponderance of the evidence
D)by probable cause

Question 16

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the                     ____Act in 1899. ​

A)Pennsylvania Juvenile Justice
B)Illinois Juvenile Court
C)California Child Restoration
D)Minnesota Juvenile Reform

Question 17

A juvenile ' s first contact with the juvenile justice system usually comes through a: ​

A)juvenile court judge. ​
B)juvenile probation officer.
C)juvenile residential specialist. ​
D)police officer.

Question 18

A youth gang is viewed as a group of       or more persons whoself-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community by special clothing, vocabulary, hand signals, and name, and engage in criminal activity. ​

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 19

The infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child without any plausible explanation, such as an accident, is referred toas: ​

A)child abuse. ​
B)child endangerment.
C)child maltreatment.
D)child mistreatment.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding the historical child-saving movement? ​

A)Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children.
B)Child savers believed in treatment, not punishment.
C)Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae.
D)Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous juveniles in adult facilities.

Question 21

Case 13-1 Keith is fifteen-year-old boy wholives in a suburban neighborhood. He has been getting intotrouble at school and not listening tohis parents at home. He is alsohanging out with a new group of kids in the neighborhood whoappear tobe a bad influence on him and his behavior choices. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
The next time police are at Keith's home they are there toquestion him about a robbery that was committed. After speaking briefly with Keith, they place him under arrest. What is the first stage of the pretrial juvenile justice process that Keith will gothrough after he is referred tojuvenile court? ​

A)Intake
B)Pretrial diversion
C)Transfer toadult court
D)Detention

Question 22

A(n)____is a procedure in which juvenile court judges have the discretion totransfer a juvenile case toadult court when certain predetermined conditions regarding the seriousness of the offense and the age of the offender are met. ​

A)automatic waiver ​
B)judicial waiver
C)legislative waiver
D)prosecutorial waiver

Question 23

Which item below is true regarding the American juvenile justice system? ​

A)Juvenile proceedings must be public.
B)Information must be released tothe press in the juvenile system.
C)There is nodeath penalty for juveniles. ​
D)The purpose of the juvenile court is punishment. ​

Question 24

Wilderness camps, farms, and ranches where between thirty and fifty children are placed in an environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs are referred toas: ​

A)family group homes.
B)foster care programs.
C)group homes.
D)rural programs.

Question 25

In which community-based rehabilitation program is a juvenile returned tothe community, but placed under supervision with conditions specified through the juvenile justice system? ​

A)Boot camp
B)Probation
C)Restitution
D)Treatment program

Question 26

Case 13-1 Keith is fifteen-year-old boy wholives in a suburban neighborhood. He has been getting intotrouble at school and not listening tohis parents at home. He is alsohanging out with a new group of kids in the neighborhood whoappear tobe a bad influence on him and his behavior choices. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
​ The judge in Keith's case decides toplace him in the temporary custody of a secure facility before the  adjudicatory process begins. This placement is referred toas: ​

A)intake.
B)pretrial diversion.
C)transfer toadult court.
D)detention.

Question 27

Correctional institutions that are the most restrictive for juveniles found tobe delinquent or status offenders are referred toas: ​

A)family group homes.
B)group homes. ​
C)rural programs.
D)training schools.

Question 28

Case 13-1 Keith is fifteen-year-old boy wholives in a suburban neighborhood. He has been getting intotrouble at school and not listening tohis parents at home. He is alsohanging out with a new group of kids in the neighborhood whoappear tobe a bad influence on him and his behavior choices. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
In the city that Keith lives, the curfew for all juveniles seventeen and under is 11 p.m. The only juveniles that are excused from this curfew are those that are returning from work. Keith does not have a job. Violating curfew is considered a(n): ​

A)crime.
B)delinquent act.
C)misdemeanor.
D)status offense.

Question 29

The child savers believed that juvenile offenders required treatment, not punishment.

Question 30

The process in which the juvenile judge, based on the facts of the case at hand, decides that the alleged offender should be transferred toadult court is a(n): ​

A)automatic transfer. ​
B)judicial waiver.
C)legislative waiver.
D)prosecutorial waiver. ​

Question 31

What is the most common form of juvenile corrections? ​

A)Boot camp ​
B)Juvenile detention
C)Probation
D)Residential treatment centers

Question 32

Case 13-1 Keith is fifteen-year-old boy wholives in a suburban neighborhood. He has been getting intotrouble at school and not listening tohis parents at home. He is alsohanging out with a new group of kids in the neighborhood whoappear tobe a bad influence on him and his behavior choices. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
Which case entitles Keith tothe same due process rights granted toadult offenders, including notice of charges, the right tocounsel, and the privilege against self-incrimination? ​

A)Kent v. United States
B)In re Gault
C)In re Winship
D)Breed v. Jones

Question 33

are similar in many aspects toadult prisons and jails, but differ from them in their efforts totreat and rehabilitate young offenders. ​

A)Family group homes
B)Group homes
C)Training schools
D)Rural programs

Question 34

Which landmark case resulted in a ruling that youths can be detained if they are deemed a " risk " tothe safety of the community or totheir own welfare? ​

A)In re Gault
B)In re Winship
C)Roper v. Simmons
D)Schall v. Martin

Question 35

In ____, the juvenile lives with a couple whoact as surrogate parents. ​

A)family group homes
B)foster care programs
C)group homes ​
D)rural programs

Question 36

A(n)____is prepared during the judicial process that provides the judge with relevant background material toaid in the final decision. ​

A)adjudication ​
B)petition
C)presentence investigation ​
D)predisposition report ​

Question 37

A(n)____hearing is the process through which a juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence tosupport the initial petition. ​

A)adjudicatory
B)discretionary
C)disposition
D)diversionary

Question 38

The first stage of juvenile pretrial procedures is referred toas: ​

A)intake. ​
B)diversion.
C)waiver.
D)detention.

Question 39

Which type of residential treatment program generally houses between twelve and fifteen youths and provides treatment, counseling, and educational services by a professional staff? ​

A)Family group homes ​
B)Foster care programs
C)Group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 40

Which of the following is true about both the juvenile and adult justice systems in the United States? ​

A)The right toa jury trial.
B)Hearings must be open tothe public.
C)Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is needed.
D)Dependents are required totestify.

Question 41

Juvenile records are kept sealed but court proceedings are open tothe public.

Question 42

During intake, an official of the juvenile court must decide, in effect, what todowith the offender.

Question 43

In juvenile court, the judge has wide discretion in disposing of each case.

Question 44

Most states donot provide a bifurcated process in which a separate disposition hearing follows the adjudicatory hearing for juvenile offenders.

Question 45

Boot camps are a good example of residential treatment programs.

Question 46

Current research shows that the majority of gang members today are white.

Question 47

The most common form of juvenile corrections is detention.

Question 48

The older a person is, the less likely he or she will be toexhibit criminal behavior.

Question 49

The earlier a youth enters the juvenile justice system, the more likely he or she will become a violent offender.

Question 50

Instead of trying todetermine guilt or innocence, the parties involved in the juvenile court work together in the best interests of the child, with the emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment.

Question 51

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the New York Juvenile Court Act in 1899.

Question 52

The primary concern during the disposition hearing is todetermine a sentence that will serve the needs of the child, rather than one that will protect the community.

Question 53

Dealing small amounts of heroin is considered a status offense for those under the age of eighteen.

Question 54

The decision in McKeiver v. Pennsylvania represented one instance in which the Supreme Court did not move the juvenile court further toward the adult model.

Question 55

Police officers attempt toengage in low-visibility decision making when working with juvenile offenders.

Question 56

The Court banned laws in twenty-eight states that made life-without-parole sentences mandatory for juveniles convicted of murder. ​

Question 57

Juveniles are most commonly transferred toadult courts through prosecutorial waiver.

Question 58

The juvenile justice system uses the same processes and procedures that are used in the adult criminal justice system.

Question 59

The first decision toextend due process rights tochildren in juvenile courts was In re Gault .

Question 60

During the adjudicatory hearing, juvenile defendants have the right topresent their cases toa jury.

Question 61

is when the juvenile offender repays his or her victim, either directly or symbolically through community service.

Question 62

A doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility tolook after the well-being of children and toassume the role of parent if necessary is __________________________.

Question 63

Foster care programs, group homes, and rural programs are examples of  _________________________ _________________________ programs.

Question 64

Many researchers believe that by the age of  ____ an adolescent has the same ability as an adult tomake a competent decision.

Question 65

Juveniles whoare released from secure facilities are placed in ____         programs.

Question 66

During intake, an officer of the juvenile court, usually a(n)____       , but sometimes a judge, must decide what todowith each youthful offender.

Question 67

A(n)____   is the formal document outlining the charges against the juvenile.

Question 68

A(n)____  is the notification process through which a law enforcement officer or other concerned citizen makes the juvenile court aware of a juvenile's unlawful or unruly conduct.

Question 69

refers toconduct that would be criminal if committed by an adult.

Question 70

overt acts taken by students with the goal of intimidating, harassing, or humiliating other students is known as ____________________________.

Question 71

In the juvenile court, children are not "found guilty," they are instead adjudicated  ____ .

Question 72

Discuss the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts.

Question 73

Describe the child-saving movement and its relationship tothe doctrine of parens patriae .

Question 74

programs include wilderness camps, farms, and ranches where children are placed in an environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs.

Question 75

During the ____     , the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence tosupport the initial petition.

Question 76

A(n)____       usually contains information concerning the respondent's family background, the facts surrounding the delinquent act, and interviews with social workers, teachers, and other important figures in the child's life.

Question 77

is a form of child abuse in which the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love.

Question 78

In____ , the Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled tomany of the same due process rights granted toadult offenders, including notice of charges, the right tocounsel, the privilege against self- incrimination, and the right toconfront and cross-examine witnesses.

Question 79

Training schools have many of the same problems as adult prisons and jails, including drug abuse and overcrowding.

Question 80

The age at which a youth first exhibits delinquent behavior is referred toas the_____.