Deck 13: Nutrition Care and Assessment

Question 1

 What is an example of a symptom or effect of an illness that would likely lead to impaired digestion and absorption?

A) chemotherapy
B) insufficient secretion of bile salts
C) use of diuretics
D) restrictive diets
E) depression

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination?

A) Subjective Global Assessment
B) Integrated assessment
C) Functional assessment
D) Nutrition care plan
E) Katz Index

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Along with environmental factors, genetic variation also determines susceptibilities to disease.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A coordinated program of treatment that merges the care plans of different health practitioners is a:

A) critical pathway.
B) care map.
C) clinical pathway.
D) care plan.
E) nutrition screening.

Question 5

In some cases, the patient's nutrition care is incorporated into the medical care plan developed by the entire health care team in particular types of plans called nursing diagnoses.

Question 6

What element would most likely be included as part of the nutrition intervention step of the nutrition care process?

A) assessing the success of the patient's nutritional care goals
B) adjusting the types of treatments offered to the patient
C) formulating a statement that correctly describes the patient's condition
D) reviewing the patient's laboratory results
E) reading the patient's chart to gain an accurate medical history

Question 7

Head circumference values can track vitamin D deficiency in premature and small-for-gestational-age infants.

Question 8

Which nursing diagnosis has nutritional implications?

A) hyperthermia
B) self-esteem disturbance
C) impaired dentition
D) sleep pattern disturbance
E) disruption of gas exchange

Question 9

What information would most likely be included in the "E" portion of a PES statement?

A) long-term use of corticosteroids
B) poor control of blood glucose levels
C) decreased intake of vitamin C
D) high risk of accidental injury
E) weight gain of 10 percent over the past six months

Question 10

Depending on the patient population, estimates of malnutrition in hospital patients range from 15 to 60 percent.

Question 11

What best describes a task of the registered dietitian?

A) making referrals for dietary counseling
B) administering total parenteral nutrition
C) conducting nutrition assessments
D) administering formula through feeding tubes
E) prescribing diet orders

Question 12

The four steps of the nutrition care process include nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring and evaluation.

Question 13

When assessing for criteria that signify malnutrition risk, which element would most likely be included as part of the functional assessment data?

A) severity of illness
B) history of diabetes
C) general weakness
D) presence of pressure sores
E) localized edema

Question 14

The 24-hour recall provides accurate and complete data for assessing an individual's diet.

Question 15

The medical history helps the clinician identify health problems or medical treatments that may interfere with food intake or require dietary changes.

Question 16

When performing a nutrition screening, the registered dietitian asks the patient about his health history. What information should be included in this section to determine if the patient is at risk of malnutrition?

A) height, weight, and BMI
B) current medical diagnosis
C) food allergies and intolerances
D) loss of subcutaneous fat
E) low handgrip strength

Question 17

A patient's diet order is most often prescribed by the:

A) registered dietitian.
B) physician.
C) registered nurse.
D)  registered dietetic technician.
E) occupational therapist.

Question 18

A written account of foods and beverages consumed by a client over several days is called a nutrition diagnosis.

Question 19

Fluid retention can cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low.

Question 20

Height and weight are the most common anthropometric measurements and are used to evaluate growth in children and nutrition status in adults.

Question 21

What technique would most likely be used to assess brain development in an infant?

A) measure of abdominal girth
B) skinfold measurement
C) head circumference
D) height and weight
E) BMI

Question 22

Joe, a 69-year-old widower, has lost 27 pounds since his wife's death a year ago. He is 5'11", and his usual body weight is 173 pounds. What is his %UBW?

A) 15%
B) 69%
C) 84%
D) 91%
E) 101%

Question 23

When performing a nutrition assessment, the practitioner should include what information as part of the patient's food and nutrition history?

A) dietary restrictions
B) religious beliefs
C) prescription drugs
D) surgical history
E) past medical problems

Question 24

A disadvantage of using a food record is:

A) it is too time consuming for the patient.
B) it only offers limited food lists for the consumer.
C) it does not rely on the patient's memory for accuracy.
D) it may provide more information than is needed.
E) it is affected by seasonal changes in the diet.

Question 25

A child's height is measured in the standing position once she or he:

A) can sit.
B) can roll over .
C) can stand.
D) reaches the age of 3.
E) can run.

Question 26

What food intake method is most often used to monitor a client's response to and compliance with nutrition therapy?

A) food record
B) food frequency checklist
C) 24-hour recall
D) usual intake record
E) nutrition data assessment

Question 27

When direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake, the procedure is called a:

A) kcalorie count.
B) food diary.
C) 24-hour recall.
D) food record.
E) nutrient surveillance record.

Question 28

Which method of collecting a dietary history is the most time-consuming and requires the highest degree of motivation to complete?

A) 24-hour recall
B) food frequency questionnaire
C) food record
D) direct observation
E) nutrition data assessment

Question 29

When checking laboratory values for electrolyte levels, the normal range for serum sodium should be between:

A) 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L.
B) 7 to 35 mEq/L.
C) 98 to 106 mEq/L.
D) 136 to 145 mEq/L.
E) 158 to 178 mEq/L.

Question 30

When utilizing the multiple pass technique of the 24-hour dietary recall method, the first pass is completed when:

A) the patient writes down all of the food he has consumed in the past 24 hours.
B) the patient includes extra foods to his intake list, such as condiments.
C) the patient measures the amount of liquid consumed during the last 24 hours.
D) the patient provides a quick list of foods consumed without prompts.
E) the patient describes how all of his foods have been prepared.

Question 31

Transthyretin is also known as:

A) prealbumin.
B) retinol-binding protein.
C) transferrin.
D) albumin.
E) C-reactive protein.

Question 32

Among people who are ill, significant weight loss may be masked by:

A) fluid retention.
B) dehydration.
C) a large tumor.
D) drug therapy.
E) hypotension.

Question 33

A disadvantage to using a food frequency questionnaire is:

A) it is expensive to administer.
B) it is not effective for monitoring short-term changes in food intake.
C) it is affected by seasonal changes in the diet.
D) it influences the food choices of the consumer.
E) it takes too long to obtain the results.

Question 34

Growth charts with BMI-for-age percentiles can be used to assess risk of underweight and overweight in children over two years of age: the _____ percentile is used as a cutoff to identify children who may be malnourished.

A) 1^st
B) 5^th
C) 8^th
D) 10^th
E) 15^th

Question 35

What laboratory test would most likely aid in the diagnosis of anemia?

A) red blood cell count
B) total protein
C) C-reactive protein
D) blood urea nitrogen
E) white blood cell count

Question 36

Elevated blood levels of _____ may indicate a heart attack, brain tissue damage, or skeletal muscle injury.

A) red blood cells
B) chloride
C) C-reactive protein
D) creatine kinase
E) hematocrit

Question 37

Which medical problem is not generally associated with malnutrition?

A) Celiac disease
B) dementia
C) pressure sores
D) incontinence
E) major surgery

Question 38

The height of a person who is unable to stand is estimated from equations that use:

A) elbow breadth or wrist circumference.
B) knee height or full arm span.
C) the distance between the wrist and the shoulder.
D) head circumference or wrist circumference.
E) the distance between the knee and the hip.

Question 39

For an adult's height to be accurately measured, the person should:

A) stand erect without shoes and with heels together.
B) stand erect with shoes.
C) stand with the feet slightly apart.
D) stand 2" away from the wall.
E) stand with the feet crossed.

Question 40

A patient is completing a food frequency questionnaire that is designed to evaluate calcium intake. This questionnaire would most likely include which foods?

A) raspberries and kiwi
B) summer squash
C) yogurt and cheese
D) ham and bacon
E) lima or kidney beans

Question 41

The normal half-life of albumin is:

A) 12-16 hours.
B) 2-3 days.
C) 8-10 days.
D) 14-20 days.
E) 26-30 days.

Question 42

Genetic information is encoded in _____ within the nuclei of almost all of the cells in the body.

A) DNA molecules
B) c hromosomes
C) amino acid sequences
D) nucleotides
E) protein molecules

Question 43

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
Mr. Wilson's low hemoglobin and hematocrit may be indicative of a deficiency of dietary:

A) potassium.
B) calcium.
C) sodium.
D) iron .
E) magnesium.

Question 44

A drawback to obtaining detailed genetic information about one's disease risk is:

A) the potential for revealing private information.
B) people may take better care of themselves and seek medical care less often.
C) there are less effective treatments for some diseases.
D) physicians may stop ordering less expensive lab tests.
E) medical science and treatments may not be able to keep up with genetic risk information.

Question 45

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
What is Mr. Wilson's ideal body weight?

A) 145 pounds
B) 158 pounds
C) 161 pounds
D) 170 pounds
E) 175 pounds

Question 46

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
Mr. Wilson's low albumin level may indicate a depletion of:

A) body fat.
B) total protein.
C) vitamin D.
D) iron.
E) calcium.

Question 47

Which laboratory test would most likely be used to evaluate liver function?

A) a lkaline phosphatase
B) m ean corpuscular hemoglobin
C) c reatinine
D) BUN
E) c reatine kinase

Question 48

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
What is Mr. Wilson's percent usual body weight?

A) 86.6%
B) 88.3%
C) 99.1%
D) 113.2%
E) 115.4%

Question 49

The field of _____ investigates processes that cause heritable changes in gene expression that are separate from the underlying DNA nucleotide sequence.

A) microarray technology
B) nutritional genomics
C) DNA methylation
D) epigenetics
E) RNA transcription

Question 50

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice T he nurse realizes that malnutrition is a common problem among people who are hospitalized and that it is associated with:

A) a weakened immune system.
B) lower mortality rates.
C) reduced health care costs.
D) fewer complications.
E) high blood pressure.

Question 51

Segments of a DNA strand that can be translated into proteins are called:

A) chromosomes.
B) noncoding sequences.
C) genomics.
D) genes.
E) nucleotides.

Question 52

What lab value responds to both PEM and iron status?

A) albumin
B) prealbumin
C) retinol-binding protein
D) transferrin
E) C-reactive protein

Question 53

In a child with kwashiorkor, physical signs of malnutrition may include:

A) bleeding gums.
B) magenta tongue.
C) bruising under the skin.
D) sparse, brittle hair.
E) ridged fingernails.

Question 54

What clinical sign is an indicator of good nutritional status?

A) shiny hair
B) smooth tongue
C) lack of fat under the skin
D) rough skin
E) spoon-shaped nails

Question 55

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for Mr. Wilson?

A) feeding self-care deficit
B) impaired physical mobility
C) disturbed body image
D) i mpaired dentition
E) imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

Question 56

Muscle weakness due to wasting would most likely be evaluated by which test?

A) recall of food intake
B) red blood cell levels
C) handgrip strength
D) skinfold thickness
E) serum sodium

Question 57

The human body contains _____ chromosomes.

A) 23
B) 37
C) 46
D) 52
E) 56

Question 58

The study of the effects of diet on gene expression is called:

A) gene representation.
B) nutritional genomics.
C) nutritional science.
D) gene therapy.
E) epigenetics.

Question 59

One example of a single-gene disorder would be:

A) diabetes.
B) hypertension.
C) hemochromatosis.
D) hyperlipidemia.
E) obesity.

Question 60

John Wilson is a 74-year-old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8" tall and weighs 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight had decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson does not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The physician ordered a panel of lab tests including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin, which all were low.  A healthy BMI for a man his height is 24.
The most likely cause of Mr. Wilson's weight loss is:

A) depression due to loss of his spouse.
B) inadequate income to purchase food.
C) lack of knowledge about nutrition.
D) a high level of physical activity.
E) a low hemoglobin level.

Question 62

Describe how illness can compromise nutrition status.

Question 63

List three different methods for obtaining food intake data and describe the major uses, advantages, and limitations of each.

Question 64

Describe the major biochemical tests of protein status and briefly discuss their major advantages and disadvantages.

Question 65

List and describe the steps in the nutrition care process.

Question 66

Explain the purpose of a nutrition screening and describe the types of information collected during the process.

Question 67

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice An elderly male is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months after his wife died. This situation describes which criteria that identify malnutrition risk?

A) depression or social isolation
B) recent unintentional weight change
C) history of chronic illness
D) age
E) impaired mobility

Question 68

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Weight gain due to fluid retention in a patient with liver cirrhosis can mask symptoms of:

A) liver failure.
B) PEM.
C) obesity.
D) gallbladder disease.
E) heart failure.

Question 69

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is examining a 3-week old infant. What step should be performed to correctly measure the length of an infant?

A) Use a fixed headboard and a moveable footboard.
B) Place the infant in the prone position.
C) Use a flexible tape measure.
D) Record the measurement to the nearest ¼".
E) Undress the infant completely.

Question 70

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Though a dietitian or dietetic technician may perform a patient's nutrition screening, it should occur within _____ hours of admission.

A) 12
B) 24
C) 36
D) 48
E) 72

Question 71

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice What steps should the nurse include in order to successfully measure a patient's weight?

A) Only use a scale that has been maintained and calibrated.
B) Avoid using electronic or beam balance scales.
C) Measure infants and children up to age 15 sitting on a scale.
D) Avoid using built-in scales found in some hospital beds.
E) Ask the patient his weight before measuring it.