Deck 15: Adolescent Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

Plant-based sources of protein may be incomplete and thus less bioavailable.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

High-protein diets are recommended as pre-performance dietary regimens among adolescent athletes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The most common sources of ergogenic aids are parents and coaches.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Obesity can cause medical and psychological complications in a person.

Question 5

BED is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating at least one day a week for at least three months.

Question 6

Weight status among adolescents should be assessed by calculating body mass index.

Question 7

Race or ethnicity does not affect the risk of developing obesity among children and adolescents.

Question 8

Mortality for bulimia nervosa appears to be higher than for anorexia nervosa.

Question 9

Foods that are high in fat should be avoided for at least four hours prior to exercise.

Question 10

BMI is calculated by multiplying a person's weight with his or her height.

Question 11

Growth hormone is available only by prescription for the treatment of growth disorders in youth.

Question 12

The risk of obesity among children and adolescents increases if at least one parent is overweight.

Question 13

Tertiary care intervention is Stage 4 of obesity treatment.

Question 14

Achievement of weight loss goals should be rewarded with nonfood items, such as tickets to a concert or an event.

Question 15

Participation in organized sports is higher among female adolescents than male adolescents.

Question 16

Adolescents who take vitamin/mineral supplements tend to consume a more nutritionally adequate diet than those who don't.

Question 17

National guidelines for the treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity recommend a staged care process based on the amount of weight lost during treatment.

Question 18

Environmental factors seldom affect the risk of developing obesity if an adolescent is genetically predisposed to obesity.

Question 19

Orlistat is currently the only weight loss medication that has been FDA-approved for use by adolescents.

Question 20

Sodium is the individual nutrient supplement most commonly used by adolescents for weight loss.

Question 21

Pregnant teens who are iron deficient in the early stages of gestation are at increased risk of _____.

A) gestational diabetes
B) cesarean delivery
C) delivery of a low-birthweight infant
D) hyperlipidemia
E) hypertension

Question 22

Female adolescent athletes with low calcium consumption appear to be the highest-risk group of all adolescents for bone fractures.

Question 23

Specific topics that should be included as components of Stage 1 obesity treatment include _____.

A) limiting screen time to no more than 2 hours of nonacademic time per day
B) a very-low-energy diet
C) the elimination of fast food meals
D) extensive physical activity for 5 hours per day
E) the consumption of at least 5 servings of red meat per day

Question 24

Which level of treatment of adolescent obesity builds upon basic nutrition and physical activity guidance recommended to promote health and prevent disease for all youth?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 25

Risk factors for the development of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents include _____.

A) being diagnosed with a chronic condition that limits mobility
B) high socioeconomic status
C) consuming a diet high in fruits and vegetables
D) the use of vitamin/mineral supplements
E) participation in organized sports

Question 26

Metformin is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of obesity in youth.

Question 27

Nutritional monitoring is important only in the long-term and not short-term follow-up care of adolescents who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Question 28

Youths with BMI values above the 95th percentile are considered _____.

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) morbidly obese

Question 29

One side effect of iron supplementation often reported by adolescents is _____.

A) muscle soreness
B) hypertension
C) headache
D) constipation
E) fat-soluble vitamin deficiency

Question 30

A risk factor for hypercholesterolemia is a family history of cardiovascular disease or high cholesterol levels.

Question 31

Adolescents who use tobacco have been shown to have higher vitamin C requirements compared to peers who do not use tobacco.

Question 32

Identify a health implication of adolescent overweight and obesity.

A) hay fever
B) high self-esteem
C) AIDS
D) syphilis
E) hepatic disease

Question 33

It is recommended that teen athletes should consume _____ ounces of fluid prior to exercise.

A) 4-6
B) 6-8
C) 8-10
D) 10-12
E) 12-14

Question 34

Each pound of body weight lost during an activity requires ingestion of _____ ounces of fluid following the activity to maintain proper hydration.

A) 8
B) 12
C) 16
D) 20
E) 24

Question 35

Adolescent males should be screened every five years for anemia.

Question 36

Youth with BMI values greater than the 85th but lower than the 95th percentile are considered _____.

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) morbidly obese

Question 37

Dieting behaviors among youth are of concern in that they are often used by youth who are not overweight.

Question 38

Orlistat is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor that causes fat malabsorption.

Question 39

A genetic component to eating disorders has been proposed in response to studies that have shown a higher prevalence of these disorders within families and/or twins.

Question 40

Individuals with eating disorders who are medically and psychologically stable are generally treated through inpatient programs.

Question 41

The two subtypes of anorexia nervosa are similar in that individuals in both the subtypes _____.

A) refuse to maintain a minimally normal body weight
B) exhibit regular episodes of purging behaviors
C) exhibit regular episodes of binge-eating
D) sometimes achieve a minimally normal body weight
E) rarely purge but often binge

Question 42

Identify a major factor that contributes to poor growth and short stature in adolescents.

A) dieting
B) unusual food habit
C) malnutrition
D) swallowing disorder
E) consumption of fast food

Question 43

A risk factor for hypertension among adolescents is _____.

A) depression
B) cholelithiasis
C) asthma
D) high dietary intake of sodium
E) alcohol use

Question 44

A risk factor for hypercholesterolemia is _____.

A) low socioeconomic status
B) diabetes mellitus
C) dieting
D) iron-deficiency anemia
E) osteoporosis

Question 45

During eating-disorder treatment, a major role of the dietitian is to _____.

A) moderate group therapy sessions
B) treat comorbidities
C) monitor physical activity level every minute
D) help the adolescent normalize eating patterns
E) provide psychotherapy to the parents

Question 46

Which individual nutrient supplement is the most commonly used by adolescents?

A) iron
B) vitamin B ₁₂
C) calcium
D) folic acid
E) vitamin C

Question 47

Very-low-calorie diets or protein-sparing modified fasts have been associated with many health risks, including _____.

A) insulin resistance
B) hypertension
C) atherosclerosis
D) sleep apnea
E) orthostatic hypotension

Question 48

Which food should be avoided within one hour of taking an iron supplement?

A) milk
B) green bell pepper
C) white rice
D) hamburger
E) salmon

Question 49

According to the DASH eating plan, individuals on an 1,800-kcals diet should consume 4-5 servings of _____ per day.

A) lean meat or fish
B) vegetables
C) grains
D) milk and milk products
E) fats and oils

Question 50

For an athlete who participates in physically intense events, which option may allow for better hydration and physical performance?

A) water
B) energy drinks
C) milk
D) sports drinks that contain no more than 6 to 8 percent carbohydrate
E) orange juice

Question 51

The use of steroids has been linked to _____.

A) infertility
B) hyperlipidemia
C) glucose intolerance
D) myopathy
E) muscle atrophy

Question 52

Requirements of _____ may be higher among adolescents who frequently consume large quantities of alcohol.

A) fiber and carbohydrates
B) fat and vitamin C
C) thiamin and other B vitamins
D) vitamin D and protein
E) iron and zinc

Question 53

Creatine is sold as a nutritional supplement to _____.

A) increase immune system function
B) decrease body fat
C) increase endurance
D) increase lean body mass
E) decrease risk of osteoporosis

Question 54

Which of the following factors contributes most to dieting behaviors, disordered eating behaviors, and clinical eating disorders?

A) peer pressure
B) family pressure
C) body dissatisfaction
D) high self-esteem
E) genetics

Question 55

What is the recommended fluid intake during strenuous physical activity?

A) 2-3 ounces of cool water
B) 4-6 ounces of cool water every 15-20 minutes
C) 12-13 ounces of hot water
D) 2-3 cups of cool water for every pound of weight lost
E) 10-20 ounces of cool water every 5-10 minutes

Question 56

Metformin is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of _____.

A) cystic fibrosis
B) insulin resistance and diabetes
C) obesity and overweight
D) hypertension
E) hyperlipidemia

Question 57

Side effects of orlistat include _____.

A) fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
B) increased insulin sensitivity
C) stunting of growth
D) cerebral vascular accidents
E) myocardial infarction

Question 58

Distance runners and other endurance athletes traditionally used  _____ to improve the glycogen content of muscle.

A) high-protein diets
B) calorie-restricted diets
C) high-fat diets
D) vegan diets
E) carbohydrate loading

Question 59

Which of the following is true of normal blood pressure?

A) having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure
B) having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure
C) having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure >90th percentile but
D) having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure >95th percentile but
E) having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure >99th percentile for age and gender

Question 60

Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge-eating disorder _____.

A) is followed by vigorous exercise
B) appears to be more prevalent among normal weight individuals
C) is more prevalent in males
D) is not followed by compensatory behaviors
E) is highly prevalent in college-age students

Question 62

What is the recommended fluid intake after strenuous physical activity?

A) 10-20 ounces of cool water every 5-10 minutes
B) 2-3 ounces of cold water
C) 12-13 ounces of hot water
D) 2-3 cups of cool water for every pound of weight lost
E) 4-6 ounces of cool water every 15-20 minutes

Question 63

What are the core components of any eating-disorder treatment program?

Question 64

Discuss the characteristics of successful eating-disorder prevention programs.

Question 65

Which of the following disorders is a mild comorbid condition that may indicate the need for bariatric surgery?

A) pseudotumor cerebri
B) cerebral palsy
C) cystic fibrosis
D) dyslipidemia
E) type 2 diabetes

Question 66

How is BMI calculated? Discuss the health implications of adolescent overweight and obesity.

Question 67

A highly competitive endurance athlete wants to know which foods should be avoided before a meet. He has been following a high-protein diet for the past six months, but he hasn't been performing his best and is wondering if his diet is the best choice. What advice would you give him?

Question 68

A successful eating-disorder prevention program _____.

A) targets all youth
B) targets adolescents >15 years of age
C) includes a single intense information session
D) provides information via parents
E) provides only didactic learning experiences