Deck 8: Infant Nutrition

Question 1

Young infants have iron levels that reflect their mother's health during late pregnancy and delivery.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

_____ is a part of Medicaid and provides routine checkups for low-income families.

A) Early Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment program
B) Women, Infants, and Children program
C) Bright Futures
D) Early Head Start
E) Zero to Three

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Full-term infants are born at _____ weeks' gestation.

A) 30-33
B) 33-36
C) 37-42
D) 40-44
E) 44-46

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following reflexes would help an infant breastfeed?

A) moro and sucking
B) babinski and withdrawal
C) rooting and withdrawal
D) rooting and sucking
E) rooting, sucking, and withdrawal

Question 5

The DHA content in breast milk is lower in vegetarian mothers than non-vegetarian mothers.

Question 6

The development of an infant's muscle control and coordination begins with head control and ends with _____.

A) upper arm development and sitting
B) lower leg coordination and walking
C) trunk development and sitting
D) upper arm coordination and standing
E) finger and hand coordination and grasping

Question 7

Infant mortality is one of the key indicators of the overall health of a nation.

Question 8

The energy needs of infants per kilogram of body weight are higher than at any other time of life.

Question 9

Gastrointestinal infections may temporarily cause lactose intolerance.

Question 10

Which of the following reflexes would help a baby grasp an object that is placed in the palm of his or her hand?

A) rooting
B) withdrawal
C) moro
D) babinski
E) palmar

Question 11

Healthy infants may have brief periods when their weight gain is slower or more rapid than at other times.

Question 12

Restriction of dietary cholesterol is recommended during infancy.

Question 13

Measurements for weight, length, or head circumference below the _____ percentile indicate that an infant is small for gestational age (SGA), whereas measurements above the _____ percentile indicate that an infant is large for gestational age (LGA).

A) 5th; 80th
B) 10th; 95th
C) 25th; 85th
D) 15th; 95th
E) 10th; 90th

Question 14

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of infant _____ for every _____ live births.

A) illnesses; 100
B) illnesses; 1000
C) deaths; 100
D) deaths; 1000
E) deaths; 10,000

Question 15

Which nutritional component would a newborn be unable to digest?

A) fats
B) protein
C) complex carbohydrates
D) simple sugars
E) An infant's digestive system is fully developed and can digest all these food components.

Question 16

Preterm infants are born between _____ weeks' gestation.

A) 34-36
B) 37-42
C) 28-33
D) 25-27
E) 43-44

Question 17

Fat contributes approximately half of the calories in breast milk.

Question 18

Organs and organ systems developed in utero continue to increase in size and complexity during infancy.

Question 19

The amounts of baby food packaged in jars, plastic containers, and pouches are determined by age-appropriate serving sizes for infants.

Question 20

An infant weighing 2300 g would be considered a(n) _____-birthweight infant.

A) high
B) normal
C) low
D) very low
E) extremely low

Question 21

Based on average caloric intake needs, a five-month-old infant who weighs 6 kg would require approximately _____ total calories/day.

A) 648
B) 732
C) 924
D) 1037
E) 480

Question 22

Infants may exceed protein recommendations if _____.

A) their motor skills are overdeveloped
B) their formula is not supplemented by baby cereal
C) they consume less formula than recommended for their age
D) their motor skills are underdeveloped
E) they consume more formula than recommended for their age

Question 23

The recommended protein intake for infants from 7 to 12 months of age is _____ g/kg body weight.

A) 0.8
B) 1.0
C) 1.2
D) 1.4
E) 1.6

Question 24

The most common chronic disease of childhood is _____.

A) diabetes
B) dental caries
C) respiratory infection
D) ear infection
E) influenza

Question 25

A major fatty acid in brain and retinal phospholipids is _____ acid.

A) stearic
B) alpha-linolenic
C) arachidonic
D) linoleic
E) docosahexaenoic

Question 26

Which of the following factors does not account for the number of calories an infant needs?

A) weight
B) length
C) sleep/wake cycle
D) growth rate
E) physical activity

Question 27

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide recommendations for healthful eating and physical activity for individuals starting at _____.

A) birth
B) 6 months of age
C) 1 year of age
D) 2 years of age
E) 18 years of age

Question 28

A seven-month-old infant who weighs 7.5 kg needs approximately _____ calories/day.

A) 600
B) 650
C) 735
D) 800
E) 875

Question 29

The recommended protein intake for infants from birth to six months of age is _____ g/kg body weight.

A) 0.5
B) 1.52
C) 1.2
D) 1.93
E) 2.5

Question 30

The average caloric need of infants in the first six months of life is based on growth rate, body weight, and  _____ .

A) allergies to certain foods
B) supplement intakes
C) physical activity
D) urine output
E) obesity status of the mother

Question 31

The two essential fatty acids required in an infant's diet are alpha-linolenic acid and _____ acid.

A) stearic
B) palmitic
C) palmitoleic
D) linoleic
E) oleic

Question 32

Which mineral contributes significantly to the prevention and reduction of dental caries?

A) sodium
B) iron
C) fluoride
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin A

Question 33

The _____ reflex happens w hen the sole of a baby's foot is stroked, and his or her toes fan out.

A) stepping
B) rooting
C) moro
D) palmar
E) babinski

Question 34

As blood lead levels increase, _____.

A) only blood calcium levels decrease
B) only blood iron levels decrease
C) blood calcium and iron levels decrease
D) blood calcium levels also increase
E) both blood calcium and iron levels increase

Question 35

_____ is the movement of the stomach contents backward into the esophagus due to stomach muscle contractions.

A) GER
B) Root reflex
C) IUGR
D) Colic
E) Celiac disease

Question 36

The process of breaking down body protein to generate energy is known as _____.

A) catabolism
B) aerobic metabolism
C) anabolism
D) assimilation
E) anaerobic metabolism

Question 37

The DRI for fluoride in infants less than 6 months of age is _____.

A) 0.01 g
B) 0.1 g
C) 0.1 mg
D) 1 mg
E) 0.5 mg

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of vitamin D?

A) Vitamin D comes in three forms.
B) Breast milk is high in vitamin D.
C) Vitamin D is  not a necessary nutrient for young infants.
D) Vitamin D is essential to bone mineralization.
E) The adequate intake of vitamin D for infants is 200 international units.

Question 39

Which of the following conditions affecting infants is least likely to indicate the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract?

A) colic
B) gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
C) unexplained diarrhea
D) constipation
E) hypothyroidism

Question 40

Which mineral is a major component of extracellular fluid and an important regulator of fluid balance?

A) fluoride
B) vitamin D
C) sodium
D) iron
E) calcium

Question 41

Methods of relieving colic include all of the following except ____.

A) swaddling the baby
B) bathing or otherwise calming the infant
C) evaluating and improving the positioning of the baby for eating
D) ensuring that the baby is burped often
E) increasing the mother's intake of cow's milk if the infant is breastfed

Question 42

The 2006 WHO growth charts are based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data of _____.

A) preterm and full-term infants
B) low-birthweight and normal-birthweight infants
C) healthy breastfed infants
D) formula-fed infants
E) infants fed equal amounts of formula and breast milk

Question 43

The AAP and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) recommend that optimal nutrition for infants be provided by exclusive breastfeeding through the first _____ months of life.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8
E) 12

Question 44

An infant with a suspected protein intolerance may be _____.

A) fed a soy formula because plant proteins are well tolerated
B) fed a specialized hydrolyzed protein formula
C) breastfed only because breast milk offers the best nutrition for infants
D) put on IV fluids with a fat replacement
E) fed cow's milk formula because it is low in proteins

Question 45

The Adequate Intake (AI) for fat is _____ g for infants from birth to six months of age.

A) 50
B) 30
C) 40
D) 31
E) 20

Question 46

Which condition is unlikely to be screened for shortly after birth?

A) phenylketonuria
B) food allergy
C) galactosemia
D) sickle cell disease
E) hypothyroidism

Question 47

Which of the following nutrients has an essential role in bone mineralization?

A) fluoride
B) vitamin C
C) lead
D) vitamin D
E) iron

Question 48

A four-month-old exclusively breastfed infant who has not begun eating other foods should receive _____ supplements.

A) multivitamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) calcium
D) iron
E) fluoride

Question 49

An infant who is weaned too soon may _____ because of decreased total energy intake.

A) be less efficient in oral-motor skills
B) plateau in head circumference
C) be unable to make the transition
D) suffer from immaturity of the gut
E) plateau in weight

Question 50

Lactose intolerance is _____.

A) a milk protein allergy
B) less common in infants than adults
C) caused by excessive production of the enzyme lactase
D) caused by an inability of the body to produce lactose
E) overcome by feeding infants formulas high in lactose to build their tolerance

Question 51

Which of the following foods can increase the risk of choking in an infant?

A) soft-cooked green beans
B) whole-wheat crackers
C) cooked oatmeal
D) mashed potatoes
E) cooked, skinless apple

Question 52

A child suffering from galactosemia should be given a(n) _____ formula.

A) standard cow milk-based
B) soy-based
C) partially hydrolyzed protein
D) amino acid-based
E) extensively hydrolyzed protein

Question 53

Routine formulas for full-term infants provide _____ kcal/ounce when prepared as directed.

A) 10
B) 14
C) 18
D) 20
E) 23

Question 54

The Adequate Intake for sodium is _____ mg for infants from birth to six months of age.

A) 152
B) 100
C) 30
D) 120
E) 80

Question 55

The manufacture of infant formula in the United States is closely regulated by the _____.

A) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) American Academy of Pediatrics
D) Food and Drug Administration
E) World Health Organization

Question 56

Which type of infant formula is compatible with extreme protein hypersensitivity?

A) soy-based
B) cow milk-based
C) extensively hydrolyzed protein
D) amino acid-based
E) partially hydrolyzed protein

Question 57

_____ is defined as changes in the frequency, size, consistency, or ease of passing stool.

A) Diarrhea
B) Constipation
C) Colic
D) GER
E) IUGR

Question 58

One tip for avoiding measurement errors when assessing infant growth is to _____.

A) make sure the head is above the head board
B) set the scale to a fraction below zero before starting
C) weigh the infant nude or wearing a dry diaper
D) make sure the hips and knees are bent
E) measure the heel with the toes extending from the foot board

Question 59

The American Academy of Pedodontics and the AAP recommend that an infant be weaned from the bottle between _____ months.

A) 6 and 8
B) 8 and 10
C) 10 and 12
D) 12 and 18
E) 20 and 26

Question 60

If an infant is exclusively breastfed and not exposed to adequate amounts of sunlight, he or she would need a(n) _____ supplement.

A) calcium
B) fluoride
C) iron
D) vitamin D
E) sodium

Question 62

List specific supplements that are recommended for breastfed infants under certain circumstances.

Question 63

How does the digestive system develop in infants?

Question 64

What are the warning signs of growth difficulties in infants?

Question 65

Why is choking a particular worry when feeding infants? List a few foods that should be avoided as they increase the risk of choking in infants.

Question 66

Why is fat an essential component in infant diets?

Question 67

What are some of the recommendations for introducing supplementary foods to infants?

Question 68

Describe the developmental and long-term risks associated with iron deficiency in infants.

Question 69

List at least four factors associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).

Question 70

A mother visits a physician because she is concerned that her four-month-old infant has lactose intolerance. What should the physician recommend in terms of dietary changes to relieve the infant's lactose intolerance, and how will this impact the child's lactose tolerance in the future?

Question 71

Describe the importance of infant feeding position.