Deck 12: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition

Question 1

Children who are at risk for vitamin D deficiency include those with increased skin pigmentation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Preadolescence is generally defined as 9-11 years of age for girls and 10-12 years of age for boys.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The RDA for iron for children aged 4-8 years is 8 mg/day.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Overweight and obese children should be treated with a focus on attaining an ideal body weight.

Question 5

Iron deficiency is equally as common a problem in middle childhood as it is in the toddler age group.

Question 6

In order to control screen time for children, it is recommended that televisions and other screens be removed from children's bedrooms.

Question 7

Sticky carbohydrate-containing foods, such as raisins, are strong caries promoters.

Question 8

Potential consequences of a weight-loss program in childhood include the beginnings of eating disorders.

Question 9

During the school-age years, growth velocity is as great as it was during infancy.

Question 10

The average age of BMI rebound is 6.0-6.3 years.

Question 11

The "CDC Growth Charts: United States" are the recommended tool for monitoring the growth of a child.

Question 12

Parents who have difficulty controlling their own intakes seem to impose fewer restrictions on their children.

Question 13

It is against USDA regulations to sell competitive foods of minimal nutritional value to students at times other than mealtimes or in other areas of the school, outside of food-service areas.

Question 14

Simple sugars are better choices than complex carbohydrates for overall health and nutrition.

Question 15

When encouraging physical activity for school-age and preadolescent children, the emphasis should be placed on being competitive rather than having fun.

Question 16

Research has indicated that early "dieting or unhealthy weight controlling behaviors " may actually be a risk factor for the development of obesity.

Question 17

Snacks contribute significantly to a child's daily intake, during middle childhood.

Question 18

Children with BMI-for-age percentiles > 99th percentile are more likely to have more than one chronic disease risk factor.

Question 19

Children who consume vegetarian and vegan diets are at a higher risk for becoming obese and may be at a lower risk for some nutrient deficiencies.

Question 20

BMI is constant throughout childhood.

Question 21

The RDA for zinc is _____ mg/day for children aged 9-13 years.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 11
D) 14
E) 17

Question 22

The term _____ applies to both middle childhood and preadolescence stages of growth and development.

A) teenage
B) adolescence
C) college-age
D) childhood
E) school-age

Question 23

Which of the following is a nutrition standard for school meals in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs?

A) offering fruits once in a week
B) increasing offerings of refined grain-rich foods
C) offering low-fat milk varieties
D) increasing the amounts of sodium in the meals
E) increasing the amounts of saturated fat in the meals

Question 24

What is the adequate intake of linoleic acid for a 10-year-old boy?

A) 19 g/day
B) 5 g/day
C) 12 g/day
D) 30 g/day
E) 45 g/day

Question 25

The major developmental achievement during middle childhood is _____.

A) egocentrism
B) self-efficacy
C) a sense of personal identity
D) a moral and ethical value system
E) feelings of self-worth

Question 26

The concrete operational stage of development is characterized by _____.

A) being able to classify, reclassify, and generalize
B) the tendency of children to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time
C) being able to have less rational cause/effect reasoning
D) an extreme egocentrism
E) the belief of children that inanimate objects have human feelings

Question 27

Which of the following activities is true of Farms to Schools programs?

A) explaining new farming techniques to farmers
B) visiting neighboring homes to explain the effects of healthy eating patterns
C) visiting a farm once a week and learning farming techniques
D) buying locally grown fruits and vegetables to serve in the school cafeteria
E) planting trees every day at homes and schools

Question 28

The recommended total fiber intake for a 13-year-old boy is _____ g/day.

A) 27
B) 29
C) 31
D) 33
E) 35

Question 29

The National School Lunch Program Meal Pattern is required to provide _____ of the DRIs based on the child's age or grade group.

A) one-fifth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) one-half
E) two-thirds

Question 30

A child's stature or standing height should be measured without _____.

A) eyeglasses
B) shoes
C) socks
D) clothes
E) scales

Question 31

Children with a BMI-for-age that is between the 85th and 94th percentile are classified as _____.

A) severely underweight
B) underweight
C) healthy weight
D) overweight
E) obese

Question 32

When parents try to control their children's intake, especially by restricting their access to food, children become _____.

A) more likely to eat healthy foods
B) more likely develop a chronic condition such as diabetes
C) less likely to eat unhealthy foods
D) less likely to become obese
E) less able to regulate their intake to meet their needs

Question 33

Adequate nutrition and healthy eating behaviors may reduce the risk of a child developing a chronic condition such as _____ later in life.

A) type 2 diabetes
B) lupus
C) celiac disease
D) multiple sclerosis
E) osteoarthritis

Question 34

Adequate nutrition, especially eating breakfast, has been associated with _____ in schools.

A) improved academic performance
B) competitive behavior
C) making new friends
D) higher sports participation
E) increased tardiness

Question 35

Based on the DRIs, the recommended protein intake for school-age children is _____ g of protein per kg body weight per day for 4- to 13-year-old girls and boys.

A) 0.75
B) 0.80
C) 0.85
D) 0.90
E) 0.95

Question 36

Which of the following is true of class I obesity?

A) BMI-for-age ≤ 40th percentile
B) BMI-for-age ≤ 95th percentile
C) BMI-for-age ≥ 10th percentile
D) BMI-for-age ≥ 95th percentile
E) BMI-for-age ≥ 40th percentile

Question 37

The children in families who regularly ate three or more meals together weekly were 35 percent _____.

A) less likely to be overweight
B) more likely to be underweight
C) less likely to eat unhealthy foods
D) less likely to have disordered eating
E) more likely to eat healthy foods

Question 38

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for _____   in children who consume a strict vegetarian diet.

A) iron deficiency anemia
B) sickle cell disease
C) celiac disease
D) failure to thrive
E) rickets

Question 39

Which food will most likely enhance iron absorption?

A) grapefruit
B) skim milk
C) corn
D) carrots
E) portabella mushrooms

Question 40

Which of the following is true of the determinants of childhood physical activity?

A) Boys are less active than girls.
B) Physical activity increases with age.
C) Children's activity levels are independent of seasonal changes.
D) Time spent on physical education in schools has increased.
E) Obese children are less active than non-obese children.

Question 41

Which food would be the best choice for a parent trying to increase fiber in her or his child's diet?

A) energy bar
B) broccoli
C) apple juice
D) white rice
E) soy milk

Question 42

Which health consequence has the lowest association with an increased BMI-for-age?

A) hyperlipidemia
B) COPD
C) higher concentrations of liver enzymes
D) hypertension
E) abnormal glucose tolerance

Question 43

What is the adequate intake of total fiber for an 8-year-old girl?

A) 31 g/day
B) 25 g/day
C) 45 g/day
D) 23.3 g/day
E) 20.1 g/day

Question 44

Symptoms of lactose intolerance include _____.

A) dry mouth and headache
B) blurred vision and hunger
C) excessive thirst and fatigue
D) abdominal pain and nausea
E) heart palpitations and shakiness

Question 45

According to the American Heart Association and the AAP, the recommended total fat intake is _____ percent of total calories in children and adolescents.

A)
B) 15-25
C) 25-35
D) 35-45
E) 45-55

Question 46

According to the AHA and the AAP, children over 2 years of age should limit _____ to

A) saturated fats
B) monounsaturated fats
C) polyunsaturated fats
D) trans fatty acids
E) cholesterol

Question 47

Fats and _____ may have a protective effect on tooth enamel.

A) simple carbohydrates
B) complex carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) dairy products
E) simple sugars

Question 48

Health care providers working with children who are following a vegetarian diet should pay special attention to their intakes of protein, essential fatty acids, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin C, and _____.

A) magnesium
B) vitamin B ₁₂
C) vitamin B ₆
D) vitamin E
E) sodium

Question 49

Which term applies to the overall structure of the physical environment of a child's community?

A) infrastructure
B) human environment
C) cultural environment
D) built environment
E) organizational environment

Question 50

Other than genetic influences, the connection between parental obesity and obesity in children is likely due to _____.

A) high family incomes
B) environmental factors
C) low protein intake
D) low cognitive stimulation
E) early BMI rebound

Question 51

When determining the EER of school-age children, categories of activity are defined in terms of  _____.

A) the number of stairs climbed
B) biking distance
C) steps per day
D) the amount of moderate physical activity per day
E) walking equivalence

Question 52

During their school years, children have spurts of growth that coincide with periods of _____.

A) less sleep and more physical activity
B) more sleep and less physical activity
C) more indoor activities
D) increased appetite and intake
E) fewer indoor activities

Question 53

A(n) _____ BMI rebound has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity.

A) early
B) average
C) late
D) incomplete
E) repetitive

Question 54

Which program is aimed at improving children's lifelong eating and physical activity habits through application of information in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate?

A) Team Nutrition
B) Bright Futures
C) The National School Lunch Program
D) School Breakfast Program
E) Summer Food Service Program

Question 55

According to Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents , school-age children should be routinely screened for _____ and dyslipidemia.

A) high blood lead levels
B) hyperglycemia
C) anemia
D) hypertension
E) diabetes

Question 56

Which of the following terms applies to sedentary activities such as watching TV or playing video games on a computer?

A) playtime
B) image intake
C) videocentric
D) downtime
E) screen time

Question 57

According to data from 2007 to 2008, the average Healthy Eating Index score for children aged 2-17 years was 49.8 out of 100, indicating that _____.

A) they were overweight
B) their diets needed improvement
C) about 66% of their calories were coming from fat
D) 66% of these children ate fast food everyday
E) they were at risk for developing diabetes

Question 58

The RDA for zinc is _____ mg/day for children aged 4-8 years.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 15
E) 25

Question 59

The human body requires optimal intake of _____  to support optimal growth and development.

A) sodium
B) Vitamin D
C) refined carbohydrates
D) alpha-linoleic acid
E) saturated fats

Question 60

It is recommended that children engage in at least _____ minutes of physical activity every day.

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 75
E) 90

Question 61

What are the three behavior-oriented strategies through which team nutrition operates?

Question 63

Jane is an 8-year-old girl who weighs 25.6 kg and enjoys lots of outdoor activities. She likes fruit but does not like vegetables or milk.  
According to Jane's food dislikes, the intake of which nutrient is most likely low for her?

A) protein
B) calcium
C) vitamin D
D) iron
E) fiber

Question 64

For children from 8 to less than 12 years of age, a hemoglobin value

A) 11.9
B) 12.5
C) 13.2
D) 14.0
E) 15.4

Question 65

The impact of advertising on nutrition choices has been evaluated. What do the findings tell us about advertising's effect on children?

Question 66

What are the five requirements a school must meet in order to participate in the National School Lunch Program?

Question 67

Jane is an 8-year-old girl who weighs 25.6 kg and enjoys lots of outdoor activities. She likes fruit but does not like vegetables or milk.  
How many grams of protein per day are recommended for Jane?

A) 20.48
B) 21.76
C) 23.04
D) 24.32
E) 25.60

Question 68

The AAP recommends vitamin and mineral supplementation for children who are at high risk of developing nutrient deficiencies or have one or more documented nutrition deficiencies. Explain which children are at high risk of developing nutrient deficiencies.

Question 69

What is the RDA for calcium for school-age children aged 9-13 years?

A) 800 mg/day
B) 1,000 mg/day
C) 1,100 mg/day
D) 1,200 mg/day
E) 1,300 mg/day

Question 70

What causes secondary lactase deficiency? Do dairy products have to be completely avoided?

Question 71

Identify a common characteristic of an overweight child.

A) short stature
B) advanced bone age
C) delayed sexual maturity
D) lower bone density
E) glucose intolerance