Deck 10: Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition

Question 1

Recumbent length is used to measure toddlers less than 24 months of age and those between 24 and 36 months who are unable to stand unassisted.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease is elevated levels of HDL cholesterol.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In pediatrics, the goal is to strive for a specific BMI value.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The toddler stage of development is characterized by a rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills.

Question 5

High-fiber foods may displace other energy-dense foods and may decrease the bioavailability of some minerals, such as iron and calcium.

Question 6

The time taken to wean from the breast or the bottle is not variable and depends on the child.

Question 7

Because toddlers can't eat a large amount of food at one time, snacks are vital in meeting the child's nutritional needs.

Question 8

Undernutrition does not influence cognitive development in toddlers and preschool-age children because cognitive ability is genetically determined.

Question 9

Trans fatty acids occur naturally in small amounts in foods such as dairy products and beef.

Question 10

To be eligible for WIC services, the only criterion is that children must live in a low-income household.

Question 11

A rapid growth rate coupled with inadequate intake of dietary iron places toddlers, especially 9- to 18-month-olds, at the highest risk for iron deficiency.

Question 12

The recommended intake of protein for toddlers is 0.95 g/kg/d.

Question 13

Children have an innate ability to adjust their caloric intake to meet energy needs.

Question 14

The SNAP program is a special seasonal program for WIC participants.

Question 15

Dark green leafy vegetables such as kale and bok choy are good sources of calcium.

Question 16

Sources of vitamin D include exposure to sunlight and vitamin D-fortified milk.

Question 17

Components of a nutrition assessment include a food/nutrition-related history, pertinent biochemical measurements, anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, body mass index percentile, and a medical history.

Question 18

Children naturally prefer sour and bitter tasting foods.

Question 19

Bright Futures: Nutrition is a resource that provides health care professionals with evidence-based recommendations for pediatric health promotion, health supervision, and anticipatory guidance.

Question 20

When evaluating young children's nutritional status and offering nutrition education to parents, it is important to consider children's home environments.

Question 21

Many babies begin to wean from the breast or the bottle at about _____ months of age.

A) 5-6
B) 7-8
C) 9-10
D) 11-12
E) 13-14

Question 22

On average, preschoolers gain _____ pounds per year.

A) 2.5
B) 4.4
C) 6.2
D) 8.3
E) 0.23

Question 23

Which food is most likely a potential choking hazard for children less than 2 years of age?

A) cottage cheese
B) mashed potatoes
C) spaghetti noodles
D) hot dogs
E) honey

Question 24

High intakes of _____ elevate LDL cholesterol levels in children and adults alike.

A) sweets and dairy products
B) protein and carbohydrate
C) saturated fat and trans fatty acids
D) monounsaturated fat and dietary cholesterol
E) polyunsaturated fat and salt

Question 25

Which among the following foods is considered a high-quality protein?

A) brown rice
B) peas
C) sunflower seeds
D) green beans
E) milk

Question 26

A BMI in the 90th percentile would indicate that a 3-year-old is _____.

A) underweight
B) extremely underweight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) extremely obese

Question 27

The DRI for calcium in toddlers is _____ mg/day.

A) 700
B) 800
C) 900
D) 1,000
E) 400

Question 28

Which food is a good source of dietary fiber for toddlers and preschoolers?

A) pork
B) whole-grain cereal
C) cheese
D) turkey
E) apple juice

Question 29

Campylobacter can be transmitted by _____.

A) eating undercooked hamburger meat
B) drinking raw milk
C) eating raw eggs
D) unpasteurized apple juice
E) eating raw cookie dough

Question 30

The toddler stage of development is characterized by _____.

A) increasing autonomy
B) an expanding ability to control behavior
C) increasing language skills
D) a rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills
E) the ability of a child to use a fork and a spoon

Question 31

Children naturally prefer sweet and slightly _____ tastes.

A) pungent
B) spicy
C) sour
D) bitter
E) salty

Question 32

Which food is least likely to promote tooth decay?

A) gummy bears
B) caramel
C) fruit juice
D) milk
E) apple slices

Question 33

Which of the following actions is characteristic of the development of fine motor skills?

A) stacking objects
B) walking alone
C) running
D) riding a tricycle
E) skipping

Question 34

Protein is _____ when a child has adequate energy intake.

A) used to maintain healthy bones and teeth
B) used for growth and tissue repair
C) stored in the liver and muscles
D) used to fuel physical activity
E) used as an insulator to preserve body heat

Question 35

Which screening tool is recommended for assessment of pediatric overweight and obesity?

A) family medical history
B) weight-for-height
C) weight-for-age
D) height-for-age
E) body mass index-for-age percentile

Question 36

Based on research, which of the following is a practical application that should be followed while feeding a child?

A) Parents should not attempt to control children's food intakes by attaching contingencies and coercive practices.
B) Parents should severely restrict junk foods and foods that are high in fat and sugar.
C) Children should be served large quantities of food so that they will finish at least half of the food served.
D) Child feeding experiences should take place in a strict environment.
E) Children should be forced to eat all the food served to them.

Question 37

One rule of thumb regarding the serving sizes for toddlers is _____ of food per year of age.

A) 1 teaspoon
B) 2 teaspoons
C) 1 tablespoon
D) ¼ cup
E) ½ cup

Question 38

Parents need to pay attention to cues of readiness for weaning, such as _____.

A) disinterest in breastfeeding or bottle feeding
B) fine motor skills
C) the ability to use utensils
D) putting hands or toys in the mouth
E) moving the tongue from side to side

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of the "slow-to-warm-up'' child?

A) The child tries to accept new foods readily.
B) This type of temperamental cluster consists of about 40% of the children.
C) The child exhibits irregularity in function and slow adaptability.
D) This type of temperamental cluster consists of about 10% of the children.
E) The child exhibits slow adaptability and negative responses to many new foods with mild intensity.

Question 40

Approximately what percentage of children have an "easy" temperament?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 40%
E) 15%

Question 41

The recommended total fiber intake for a 5-year-old child is _____ g/day.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
E) 30

Question 42

Food sources of carbohydrates have direct effects on dental caries development because _____, the main type of bacteria that cause tooth decay, use carbohydrates for food.

A) Streptococcus aureus
B) Salmonella
C) Campylobacter
D) E. coli
E) Streptococcus mutans

Question 43

The treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes _____.

A) supplementation with iron drops at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day
B) a low-fat diet
C) exclusion of nonmeat sources of iron
D) substitution of whole milk with soy milk
E) excess intake of goat's milk

Question 44

Children on vegan diets should receive vitamin B ₁₂ supplements or consume _____.

A) textured soy protein
B) almond butter
C) broccoli
D) orange juice
E) spinach

Question 45

The goal of overweight and obesity treatment in young children is _____.

A) short-term weight loss
B) a BMI rebound
C) to improve long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits and behavior modification
D) the prevention of atherosclerosis through constant behavior modification
E) improved blood lipid levels through modification of diet during childhood

Question 46

The acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) for fat are _____% for children of 1 to 3 years and _____% for children of 4 to 18 years.

A) 20-30; 15-25
B) 30-40; 25-35
C) 40-50; 35-45
D) 50-60; 45-55
E) 60-70; 55-65

Question 47

BMI is calculated by _____.

A) multiplying weight in kilograms with height in meters
B) dividing height in meters by weight in kilograms
C) dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters
D) adding weight in kilograms to the square of height in meters
E) dividing the square of weight in kilograms by height in meters

Question 48

Which of the following foods is a good source of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid?

A) yogurt
B) cereal
C) flaxseed oil
D) apple
E) egg

Question 49

The mission of the _____ program is to promote and improve the health, education, and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, families, and communities.

A) Head Start
B) SNAP
C) Bright Futures
D) WIC
E) FMNP

Question 50

The FDA and the EPA advise that young children should eat fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury such as _____.

A) tilefish from the Gulf of Mexico
B) swordfish
C) king mackerel
D) salmon
E) shark

Question 51

The metabolic rate of _____ is the highest of any period after birth.

A) teenagers
B) infants
C) toddlers
D) adults
E) pre-term infants

Question 52

The goal of _____ is to increase the readiness for school of children from economically disadvantaged families.

A) SNAP
B) WIC
C) FMNP
D) Head Start
E) Bright Futures

Question 53

Iron-deficiency anemia is more common among low-income children and _____ children.

A) African American and Mexican American
B) African American and Caucasian
C) Mexican American and Caucasian
D) African American and Native American
E) Mexican American and Native American

Question 54

Parents and caretakers should be warned against giving high amounts of vitamins and minerals to children, particularly vitamins _____.

A) A and B ₁₂
B) A and D
C) C and E
D) B ₆ and C
E) C and K

Question 55

Which of the following is a good source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid?

A) milk
B) safflower oil
C) mushroom
D) beans
E) brown rice

Question 56

Beginning at age 3, the DRI equations for estimating energy requirements are based on a child's gender, age, height,  weight, and ______.

A) physical activity
B) adjusted age
C) language skills
D) temperament
E) average body temperature

Question 57

Which factor increases fluid requirements for toddlers and preschoolers?

A) fever
B) iron deficiency
C) constipation
D) increased fat intake
E) increased calcium intake

Question 58

What is the recommended dietary allowance of iron in children aged 4-6 years?

A) 6 mg/day
B) 8 mg/day
C) 10 mg/day
D) 13 mg/day
E) 15 mg/day

Question 59

Which common nutrition problem may decrease growth in young children?

A) iron-deficiency anemia
B) dental caries
C) constipation
D) elevated blood lead levels
E) elevated HDL cholesterol levels

Question 60

A length board with a fixed head board and a movable foot board is used to measure the _____ of a toddler.

A) approximate height
B) fine motor skills
C) gross motor skills
D) recumbent length
E) innate posture

Question 62

What is the American Heart Association's current dietary recommendations for children?

Question 63

Based on the results of various studies discussed in Chapter 10, discuss some of the practical applications of child-feeding research.

Question 64

The dad of a preschool-age child is worried that his daughter is not getting enough calcium. He would like to know the effects of low calcium intake, current recommendations regarding calcium intake, and good sources of calcium for his daughter. As the school nurse, what would you tell him?