Deck 17: Nutrition Care and Assessment

Question 1

Specific instructions regarding dietary management for a patient are known as "____."

A) clinical pathways
B) nutrition care plans
C) diet orders
D) nutrition screenings

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Clinical judgments about actual or potential health problems that provide the basis for selecting appropriate nursing interventions are called "____."

A) potential diagnoses
B) nursing diagnoses
C) treatment objectives
D) nursing goals

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Nutrition assessment and diagnosis followed by provision of nutrition care by a registered dietitian is termed "____."

A) medical nutrition therapy
B) the nutrition care process
C) a nutrition screening
D) a medical history

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement is true regarding malnutrition among hospitalized patients?

A) Although common among chronic care patients, malnutrition is rare among acute care patients.
B) Malnutrition among hospitalized patients is extremely rare and an indication of seriously flawed care.
C) Only patients who are terminally ill and expected to die within months are at risk of malnutrition.
D) Even acutely ill patients who are not malnourished during admission may become malnourished subsequently.

Question 5

The physician asks the staff to administer tube feedings. Who is most often responsible for doing this?

A) the nurse
B) the dietitian
C) the dietetic technician
D) the social worker

Question 6

General weakness and impaired mobility in a patient represents which type of data in the nutrition screening process?

A) admission data
B) anthropometric data
C) functional assessment data
D) laboratory test results

Question 7

Which health care professional is expected to have extensive knowledge about foods, nutrition, and health?

A) physician
B) registered dietitian
C) nurse
D) social worker

Question 8

Changes in hydration, as well as diarrhea due to illness, affect nutrition status primarily by ____.

A) reducing nutrient and food intake
B) altering metabolism and excretion
C) impairing digestion and absorption
D) impairing cognition

Question 9

What is the screening tool that is used in clinical facilities to detect the risk of malnutrition in adults over the age of 65?

A) Subjective Global Assessment
B) Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool
C) Continuity Assessment and Record Evaluation
D) Mini Nutritional Assessment

Question 10

An assessment procedure for identifying clients who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition is referred to as a "____."

A) health questionnaire
B) health history
C) diet order
D) nutrition screening

Question 11

Which statement most accurately describes nutrition screening?

A) Screenings should be conducted within 24 hours of patient's admission.
B) Screening questions are the same from facility to facility.
C) Assessments must be conducted by physicians.
D) Laboratory tests are not included as part of the screening process.

Question 12

A nutrition care plan is ____.

A) the client's diet prescription ordered by the nurse
B) the dietitian's strategies for meeting an individual's nutritional needs
C) the nurse's documentation of how well the client is eating
D) nutritional formulas showing minimum daily requirements

Question 13

In a health care facility, who holds the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that all the patient's nutritional needs are met?

A) clinical dietitians
B) physicians
C) nurses
D) pharmacists

Question 14

A new patient is admitted to the rehabilitation unit. Who is most likely to visit the patient to compile a list of his or her food preferences?

A) nurse
B) physician
C) dietitian
D) dietetic technician

Question 15

Maisie Green is a frail, elderly widow who lives in a nursing home and has been confined to her bed for 4 months. What is most likely to increase her metabolic stress and her energy and protein needs?

A) weakened immunity
B) medications causing GI discomfort
C) poor emotional health
D) pressure sores

Question 16

A patient who has had surgery for colostomy placement has been put on bowel rest and has only intravenous fluids for nutrition. In what way would these treatments affect this patient's nutrition status?

A) reduce food intake
B) impair digestion
C) alter nutrient excretion
D) Impair absorption

Question 17

Coordinated programs of treatment that merge the care plans of different health practitioners are called "____."

A) critical pathways
B) clinical integrative plans
C) diagnosis-related groups
D) treatment plans

Question 18

Impaired nutrient digestion and absorption that affects nutritional status would most likely be caused by ____.

A) insufficient excretion of digestive enzymes
B) anorexia due to illness
C) prolonged immobilization
D) use of diuretics

Question 19

Depending on the patient population, estimates indicate that approximately ____ percent of hospitalized patients are malnourished.

A) 20 to 50
B) 35 to 70
C) 45 to 80
D) 50 to 90

Question 20

A patient's height, weight, and body mass index represent which type of data in the nutrition screening process?

A) admission data
B) anthropometric data
C) functional assessment data
D) laboratory test results

Question 21

An extensive and accurate log of foods eaten over a period of several consecutive days or weeks is called "____."

A) a food-frequency checklist
B) a food record
C) direct observation
D) 24-hour recall

Question 22

Danny is undergoing a health assessment. What should the clinician do that would most likely result in an accurate assessment of Danny's weight?

A) Ask Danny how much he weighs.
B) Use a scale that is calibrated and checked for accuracy.
C) Measure Danny's weight three times and take an average of the measurements.
D) Use a bathroom scale to weigh Danny.

Question 23

What is a limitation when food intake information is collected using the 24-hour dietary recall method?

A) The process is time consuming.
B) Clients often keep poor records.
C) The method excludes recording of beverages.
D) A 24-hour recall relies on an individual's memory.

Question 24

A nutritional assessment involves ____.

A) collecting and analyzing health-related data to identify nutrition problems
B) implementing a nutrition care plan
C) identifying existing and potential psychological problems
D) obtaining approval from insurance providers

Question 25

What is a social factor that can affect food intake and therefore nutrition status?

A) methamphetamine use
B) religious beliefs
C) mental illness
D) prescription medications

Question 26

The neuropsychological problems assessed in the Mini Nutritional Assessment screening tool include ____.

A) dementia
B) distorted body image perception
C) anxiety
D) schizophrenia

Question 27

An individual with a body mass index of ____ would receive one point for BMI in the Mini Nutritional Assessment screening tool.

A) less than 19
B) 19 to less than 21
C) 21 to less than 23
D) 23 or greater

Question 28

If a client is asked to recount everything eaten in a typical day, the assessor is using ____ to collect food intake data.

A) a food record
B) a calorie count
C) a 24-hour recall
D) direct observation

Question 29

Why might food frequency questionnaires be less accurate than 24-hour recalls for obtaining food intake data?

A) The process examines long-term food intake
B) Dietary supplements can't be included.
C) They typically list only common foods.
D) It may be difficult to estimate average portion sizes of foods eaten less frequently.

Question 30

Head circumference is used to ____.

A) monitor brain growth
B) help detect overnutrition
C) evaluate muscle size
D) calculate infant body mass index

Question 31

A registered dietitian performs a Subjective Global Assessment on a newly admitted hospital patient. The dietitian gives several "C" ratings for the assessment variables related to the patient's medical history and physical examination. This most likely means that the patient is ____.

A) obese and needs to lose weight
B) well nourished
C) at risk of malnutrition
D) severely malnourished

Question 32

What is an example of food and nutrition history information that would be included as part of the nutrition assessment?

A) dietary supplements usage
B) high educational level
C) recent weight changes
D) low socioeconomic status

Question 33

Growth charts with BMI-for-age percentiles can be used to assess risk of underweight using the ____ percentile as the cutoff to identify children who may be malnourished.

A) 5th
B) 10th
C) 15th
D) 20th

Question 34

Lee is a 78-year-old woman with mild loss of muscle mass, loss of about 7% of body weight over the past 6 months, and decreased food intake due to anorexia. Using the Subjective Global Assessment screening tool, she is most likely to be classified in which category?

A) well nourished
B) mild malnutrition
C) moderate malnutrition
D) severe malnutrition

Question 35

A 24-hour recall is used to collect food intake data for one day. The client states that she didn't eat breakfast. She had a soft drink and an apple for lunch, and for dinner she had a slice of pizza. What is the best question the health care professional could ask next regarding this finding?

A) "Is this typically a day's food intake?"
B) "What was on the slice of pizza?"
C) "What kinds of foods do you like to eat?"
D) "Are you on a busy schedule?"

Question 36

Which calculation is more effective in evaluating weight loss in an overweight person?

A) usual body weight
B) ideal body weight
C) %Usual Body Weight
D) %Ideal Body Weight

Question 37

An example of a behavioral-environmental diagnosis given following a nutrition assessment might be ____.

A) altered blood potassium levels
B) inadequate energy intake
C) unintended weight gain
D) disordered eating pattern

Question 38

What technique is most effective when using the 24-hour recall method to obtain food intake data?

A) multiple-pass method
B) direct observation
C) use of a checklist
D) free recall

Question 39

What best describes a food record?

A) a written survey of food consumed in the past year
B) a written account of food consumed during several consecutive days
C) direct observation of how much a person eats
D) an interview discussing food intake in the last day

Question 40

In children, a sharp drop in a previously steady growth pattern suggests ____.

A) malnutrition
B) obesity
C) a growth spurt
D) a medical error

Question 41

Elevated levels of ____ may indicate liver disease.

A) albumin
B) creatine kinase
C) mean corpuscular volume
D) alanine aminotransferase

Question 42

Mrs. Falwell is 5 ft 4 in. and weighs 110 lb. During the interview, she mentions she has lost "a lot of weight" over the past 5 months. She usually weighs 135 lbs. What is her %UBW?

A) 25
B) 81
C) 120
D) 123

Question 43

Which protein is the most abundant serum protein?

A) transferrin
B) albumin
C) transthyretin
D) retinol-binding protein

Question 44

What %Ideal Body Weight indicates a risk of moderate malnutrition?

A) 90 to 100
B) 85 to 90
C) 80 to 85
D) 70 to 79

Question 45

Fluid retention typically results in ____.

A) deceptively low lab values
B) deceptively high lab values
C) unintentional weight loss
D) unintentional muscle loss

Question 46

A BMI-for-age above the ____ percentile indicates that the child may be overweight.

A) 25th
B) 50th
C) 75th
D) 85th

Question 47

Where do clinical signs of malnutrition appear most rapidly?

A) hair
B) eyes
C) urinary tract
D) cardiovascular system

Question 48

Which nutrition assessment marker is routinely monitored in hospital patients, but is not a sensitive indicator of nutrition status?

A) serum albumin
B) body mass index
C) mean corpuscular volume
D) plasma creatinine

Question 49

Which serum protein rises rapidly in response to inflammation or infection associated with critical illness?

A) transferrin
B) prealbumin
C) albumin
D) C-reactive protein

Question 50

White blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy pathogens are known as "____."

A) phagocytes
B) immunoglobulins
C) lymphocytes
D) lysozymes

Question 51

After blood is centrifuged to remove cells, the fluid that remains is called "____."

A) plasma
B) serum
C) electrolytes
D) platelets

Question 52

The half-life of albumin is approximately ____.

A) 12 hours
B) 2 to 3 days
C) 8 to 10 days
D) 14 to 20 days

Question 53

Which of the following biochemical tests has different ranges of normal values for males and females?

A) hematocrit
B) mean corpuscular volume
C) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
D) white blood cell (WBC) count

Question 54

What clinical effects of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) would most likely be seen in an individual's hair?

A) hair falling out easily
B) thick hair
C) hair firm in scalp
D) shiny hair

Question 55

An individual who is at risk of moderate malnutrition has a %Usual Body Weight of ____.

A)
B) 70 to 75
C) 75 to 84
D) 85 to 90

Question 56

Immunity against a specific antigen is called "____ immunity."

A) adaptive
B) innate
C) systemic
D) complementary

Question 57

Which test is primarily used for monitoring kidney function?

A) glycated hemoglobin
B) C-reactive protein
C) blood urea nitrogen
D) alanine aminotransferase

Question 58

_______ are large globular proteins produced by B cells that function as antibodies.

A) Antigens
B) Immunoglobulins
C) Antibodies
D) Lysozymes

Question 59

An individual who is at risk of mild malnutrition has a %Usual Body Weight of ____.

A)
B) 75 to 84
C) 85 to 95
D) >95

Question 60

Physical signs of fluid retention include ____.

A) dark-colored urine
B) reduced skin tension
C) abdominal distention
D) thirst

Question 62

List two advantages and two disadvantages for each of the four methods used for obtaining food intake data.

Question 63

Explain why serum proteins are used as part of biochemical assessment measurements and list three examples.

Question 64

Describe the differences between fluid retention and dehydration.

Question 65

A nonspecific response to illness or injury is called "____. "

A) an allergy
B) cell-mediated immunity
C) humoral immunity
D) inflammation

Question 66

Describe clinical signs of malnutrition in an individual's eyes, lips, skin, and nails.

Question 67

Discuss the different types of historical data collected for a nutrition assessment.

Question 68

Discuss the undesirable impact of immune responses on nutrition status.

Question 69

Describe the use of anthropometric measurements in infants and children.

Question 70

Which tissue is a type of lymphoid tissue?

A) spleen
B) lungs
C) appendix
D) brain

Question 71

Discuss the role of nurses on the nutrition care team and list five nutrition-related nursing diagnoses.

Question 72

Describe how malnutrition impacts the body's immune response.

Question 73

Describe the effects of illness on nutrition status and list two examples of conditions associated with malnutrition.

Question 74

An example of an antigen is a(an) ____.

A) monocyte
B) NK cell
C) virus
D) T cell

Question 75

A foreign antigen has entered the body and has elicited the immune response. A helper T cell binds to an antigen fragment on an antigen-presenting cell. What happens next?

A) B cells produce more antibodies.
B) A cytotoxic T cell destroys the antigen.
C) Free antibodies attach to the antigens.
D) A macrophage engulfs the target antigen.

Question 76

Which type of cell releases proteins that damage parasites?

A) basophils
B) monocytes
C) eosinophils
D) neutrophils