Deck 6: Coherence

Question 1

What type of transitions would be best for an essay about a favorite campground?

A) comparison-contrast transitions
B) chronological transitions
C) cause-effect transitions
D) spatial transitions

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the transitions below is NOT appropriate to a text organized in time order:

A) yesterday
B) for example
C) next
D) currently

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Select the transition that announces a new example or illustration in a text.

A) as a result
B) therefore
C) in other words
D) for instance

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
The phrase "for example" in the second paragraph announces

A) what a specific and challenging goal should look like.
B) that companies need a plan that works.
C) the strategy Ocean Spray used to develop new products.
D) none of the above

Question 5

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
In the fourth paragraph, the author creates coherence by

A) clarifying the concept of proximal and distal goals
B) introducing the CEO of Ocean Spray
C) explaining goal commitment
D) none of the above

Question 6

Writing about a topic that interests you will help you develop a more coherent draft.

Question 7

Which transition below announces the effect of a problem?

A) consequently
B) first
C) next
D) in addition

Question 8

Transitions help give a text coherence by connecting ideas from sentence to sentence and paragraph to paragraph.

Question 9

Choose the three transition words that best complete the text:
Taking an online class in college poses many challenges. _________________, some students find the flexibility of online education balances out the drawbacks. ______________, students who work full time or live far from campus appreciate not having to attend a face-to-face class. _________________, students with disabilities or small children at home may find the online format more convenient to their lifestyle.

A) First, Second, Third
B) Next, Then, In fact
C) Nevertheless, For example, In addition
D) Consequently, Soon after, In contrast

Question 10

All comparison-contrast essays are balanced in their treatment of the two topics.

Question 11

Which strategy below is NOT a line-by-line writing move to maintain coherence?

A) repeat key words for clarity
B) insert transitions to unity and organize
C) remove unrelated ideas
D) use a thesaurus to find synonyms

Question 12

A text that uses too many transitions

A) helps the reader follow along.
B) sounds more academic.
C) may seem forced or awkward.
D) highlights the topic.

Question 13

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
The illustration about Ocean Spray in the third paragraph demonstrates which line-by-line writing move?

A) remove an unrelated idea
B) repeat a key word
C) explain or clarify an idea
D) reorder a misplaced idea

Question 14

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
In paragraph 2, the key word used to create coherence is

A) progress
B) first
C) proximal
D) goals

Question 15

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
What pattern of organization is announced by the transition words in the reading passage?

A) spatial
B) problem-solution
C) process
D) comparison-contrast

Question 16

Which sentence in the text below should be removed to achieve coherence?
¹ Conducting research today is both easier and harder than when my parents were college students.²Certainly, the Internet has made research much faster for students.³With a few taps on a keyboard, the student has access to facts and statistics, academic essays, and countless websites and online resources. ⁴The benefits of online research, however, are also a burden since the endless results can be overwhelming to weed through.⁵The student may also inadvertently download a virus, which can be a headache.⁶In short, the vast access the Internet offers makes research a much bigger chore than it was years ago when the holdings of the college library were the limit to one's research.

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 3
C) Sentence 4
D) Sentence 5

Question 17

Choose the transition word that best completes the text: Composting is as crucial to the environment as recycling. ______________, students at Green Hill College have installed compost bins in all the cafeterias on campus.

A) First
B) Therefore
C) Next
D) In addition

Question 18

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 6 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
How to Make a Plan That Works
¹ Planning is a double-edged sword. If done right, planning brings about tremendous increases in individual and organizational performance. If planning is done wrong, however, it can have just the opposite effect and harm individual and organizational performance. In this article, you will learn to make a plan that works.
²The first step in planning is to set goals. To direct behavior and increase effort, goals need to be specific and challenging. For example, deciding to "increase sales this year" won't direct and energize workers as much as deciding to increase North American sales by 4 percent in the next 6 months. Specific, challenging goals provide a target for which to aim and a standard against which to measure success. Just because a company sets a goal doesn't mean that people will try to accomplish it. If workers don't care about a goal, that goal won't encourage them to work harder or smarter. Thus the second step in planning is to develop commitment to goals. Goal commitment is the determination to achieve a goal. Managers and workers must choose to commit themselves to a goal. Goals are more likely to be realistic and attainable if employees participate in setting them.
³The third step in planning is to develop effective action plans. An action plan lists the specific steps (how), people (who), resources (what), and time period (when) for accomplishing a goal. Unlike most CEOs, Randy Papadellis has a unique goal that requires an extraordinary plan. As the CEO of Ocean Spray, Papadellis has to buy all of the cranberries that his farmers produce and buy the crop at the highest possible price. Then, it's Papadellis's job to figure out how to sell the entire crop of high-cost berries. Under Papadellis's direction, Ocean Spray began looking for alternative uses for cranberries beyond the traditional juice and canned products, uses that would involve new methods, people, and resources. The company invented dried-fruit Craisins. Ocean Spray also developed a set of light drinks that had just 40 calories. Because of these effective actions, Ocean Spray has been able to increase the price it pays its farmers over 100 percent in the past three years.
⁴The fourth step in planning is to track progress toward goal achievement. There are two accepted methods of tracking progress. The first is to set proximal goals and distal goals. Proximal goals are short-term goals or subgoals, whereas distal goals are long-term or primary goals. The second method of tracking progress is to gather and provide performance feedback. Regular, frequent performance feedback allows workers and managers to track their progress toward goal achievement and make adjustments in effort, direction, and strategies.
-Williams, Management , pp. 163-166
Which key word is repeated in the introduction to announce the topic?

A) individual
B) planning
C) work
D) sword

Question 19

Which of the following contribute to the coherence of a text?

A) The information is organized in a logical way.
B) Repeated words and phrases link ideas.
C) Transitions alert a chance in direction of the text.
D) All of the above.

Question 20

Replace a key word with an appropriate pronoun to improve coherence.