Deck 2: Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

A shale that is subject to metamorphism may become a slate.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Metamorphic rock around a batholith most likely formed by contact metamorphism.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Minerals are made of rocks.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Magmas are classified based on silica content.

Question 5

The glassy texture of obsidian is the result of extremely slow cooling.

Question 6

An electron is the smallest unit of matter that retains the characteristics of an element.

Question 7

Calcite is an example of a silicate mineral.

Question 8

Quartz is made of the elements silicon and oxygen; therefore, it is a compound.

Question 9

Running water is the most effective method of erosion.

Question 10

A limestone that is metamorphosed becomes marble.

Question 11

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 12

Sedimentary rocks that are composed of rounded gravel-sized particles are classified as conglomerates.

Question 13

Igneous rocks are classified by composition and texture.

Question 14

Igneous rocks that form underground are more likely to have an aphanitic texture.

Question 15

Lava is molten rock below Earth's surface.

Question 16

A proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

The majority of the more than 3,800 minerals are silicates.

Question 18

Gemstones are precious minerals used for decorative purposes.

Question 19

Carbon has six protons; therefore, its mass number is six.

Question 20

Converging plate boundaries are often sites of metamorphism and igneous activity.

Question 21

What adjective describes fragmental materials, such as ash, explosively erupted from volcanoes?

A) metamorphic
B) intrusive
C) pyroclastic
D) cementation
E) sedimentary

Question 22

According to the rock cycle, a sedimentary rock can be formed from a(n)____.

A) igneous rock only
B) sedimentary rock only
C) metamorphic rock only
D) igneous or metamorphic rock
E) igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock

Question 23

An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ____.

A) neutron
B) proton
C) ion
D) isotope
E) electron

Question 24

You are hiking in the desert in Namaqualand in South Africa and notice an area covered with white sedimentary deposits. You taste the deposits and they taste salty. This is most likely an example of a(n) ____.

A) evaporite
B) metamorphic rock
C) detrital sedimentary rock
D) pyroclastic rock
E) volcanic rock

Question 25

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified by ____.

A) composition
B) color
C) depositional environment
D) clast size
E) foliation

Question 26

What is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid, having characteristic physical properties and a narrowly defined chemical composition?

A) rock
B) gem
C) mineral
D) glass
E) magma

Question 27

Evaporites are examples of chemical sedimentary rocks.

Question 28

Metamorphism taking place adjacent to a body of magma (a pluton) or beneath a lava flow from heat and chemically active fluids is called ____.

A) orogenic metamorphism
B) contact metamorphism
C) burial metamorphism
D) uncomformable metamorphism
E) regional metamorphism

Question 29

What type of metamorphic rock results from the recrystallization of quartz sandstone?

A) marble
B) slate
C) gneiss
D) anthracite
E) quartzite

Question 30

Felsic rocks are lighter in color than mafic rocks.

Question 31

The chemical composition of a mineral never has any variation.

Question 32

A strong chemical bond in which electrons are shared rather than transferred or exchanged is a(n) ____. (HINT: An example is the bond in quartz.)

A) covalent bond
B) metallic bond
C) hydrogen bond
D) van der Waals bond
E) ionic bond

Question 33

Foliated metamorphic rocks can form from both regional and contact metamorphism.

Question 34

Any rock altered in the solid state from pre-existing rocks by any combination of heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids is a(n) ____ rock.

A) metamorphic
B) igneous
C) sedimentary
D) clastic
E) igneous or metamorphic

Question 35

The three categories of rocks are classified by ____.

A) geographic location
B) color
C) mineral content
D) method of formation
E) time of formation

Question 36

The process by which loose sand from a beach or desert is converted into a solid rock called sandstone is an example of ____.

A) lava
B) evaporite
C) lithification
D) mafic
E) metamorphism

Question 37

The process of ____ is responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.

A) weathering
B) erosion
C) sedimentation
D) lithification
E) clastification

Question 38

In a(n) ____ bond, elements share electrons.

A) ionic
B) van der Waals
C) electromagnetic
D) covalent
E) noble

Question 39

Molten rock material below the surface of Earth is called ____.

A) lithosphere
B) evaporite
C) mantle
D) magma
E) lava

Question 40

Elongated minerals aligned in a parallel manner in metamorphic rocks create a foliated texture.

Question 41

Minerals are ____________________ ___________________, because they are solids with orderly arrangements of atoms in three-dimensional networks.

Question 42

The two textural types of metamorphic rocks are ____________________ and __________________.

Question 43

The four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and ____________________.

Question 44

When an atom becomes positively charged, it is called a(n) ____.

A) electron
B) neutron
C) ion
D) isotope
E) positron

Question 45

The three major rock groups are ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________.

Question 46

Isotopes of an element have the same ____________________ number and different ____________________ numbers.

Question 47

The transportation of sediment away from its source is called ____.

A) weathering
B) erosion
C) lithification
D) sedimentation
E) foliation

Question 48

All silicate minerals have the ____________________ in common.

Question 49

____________________ involves the study and search for minerals and rocks that are economically important.

Question 50

A(n) ____________________ forms when two or more elements bond.

Question 51

What is the mineral responsible for lustrous paint on cars and glittery cosmetics?

A) quartz
B) gypsum
C) muscovite
D) kaolin
E) calcite

Question 52

Which type(s) of rock can be metamorphosed?

A) igneous rocks only
B) sedimentary rocks only
C) metamorphic rocks only
D) igneous and sedimentary rocks
E) igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

Question 53

What type of metamorphism would be most associated with mountain building?

A) hydrothermal metamorphism
B) deformational metamorphism
C) contact metamorphism
D) fault-block metamorphism
E) regional metamorphism

Question 54

Isotopes of the same element have ____.

A) different numbers of protons, but the same number of neutrons
B) the same number of electrons, but different numbers of neutrons
C) different numbers of neutrons, but the same number of protons
D) different numbers of electrons, but the same number of neutrons
E) different numbers of protons and neutrons

Question 55

The ____________________ is the record of physical and biological events preserved in rocks.

Question 56

What type of mineral is neither an energy resource nor a metallic resource, but still has commercial value?

A) construction mineral
B) economic mineral
C) silicate mineral
D) industrial mineral
E) rare earth mineral

Question 57

A volcanic rock with a glassy texture commonly has experienced ____________________ cooling.

Question 58

For a neutrally-charged atom to become a positively-charged ion of the same element, it must ____.

A) lose a proton
B) lose an electron
C) gain a proton
D) gain an electron
E) lose an electron and gain a proton

Question 59

The sedimentary rock ____ forms from the burial and compaction of land plants.

A) chert
B) dolostone
C) conglomerate
D) coal
E) shale

Question 60

You observe a dark colored igneous rock with very fine crystals that are only visible under magnification. What can be said about this rock?

A) It cooled slowly in a magma chamber.
B) It cooled quickly in a magma chamber.
C) It cooled slowly on Earth's surface.
D) It cooled quickly on Earth's surface.
E) It was ejected as a fine ash and later cemented together.

Question 61

Write a short essay comparing and contrasting the definitions of "mineral" and "rock." Illustrate how   these concepts are related with specific examples.

Question 62

Compare and contrast magma and lava. Why do scientists consider these materials separately?

Question 63

Why is it difficult to estimate how long natural resources like copper, oil, and coal will last?

Question 64

The five major steps in the formation of sedimentary rock are deposition, erosion, lithification, burial and compaction, and weathering. List each step in order from first to last, and explain what happens during each step.

Question 65

How does the atomic structure of different minerals vary? Give specific examples of various elements and discuss their characteristics.

Question 66

Discuss the relationship between plate tectonics and the rock cycle. Provide examples of where various types of rocks might be found in terms of plate tectonics.

Question 67

Compare and contrast detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks. Provide specific examples of each group.

Question 68

Compare and contrast the igneous rocks basalt and granite in terms of texture and composition.

Question 69

Provide a detailed description and discussion of the Rock Cycle. Provide specific examples of each of the three rock families.

Question 70

Discuss the three agents responsible for metamorphism. How does each agent influence the metamorphic process?