Deck 9: Issues Concerning Police Conduct

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of less-lethal force?

A) pepper spray
B) conditioned hesitation
C) firing at a moving vehicle
D) all of these
E) shooting an unarmed suspect

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Showing difference in treating individuals or groups, or failing to treat individuals equally is called

A) disparity.
B) profiling.
C) balancing.
D) ghosting.
E) discrimination.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

On the continuum of compromise-the path from honest cop to corrupt cop-the final "stop" is

A) the dilemma of loyalty versus integrity.
B) acts of omission.
C) criminal acts of commission.
D) a perceived sense of victimization.
E) administrative acts of commission.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

One of the most important discretionary options police officers have is

A) when to call in K-9 dogs.
B) whether to arrest someone.
C) whether to accept a gratuity.
D) when to administer Miranda warnings.
E) to chase or not to chase.

Question 5

Falsifying patrol logs to make the numbers come out right in response to alleged racial profiling practices is called

A) disparity.
B) ghosting.
C) corruption.
D) rigging.
E) balancing.

Question 6

Racial profiling has its roots in the Civil War era because

A) none of these choices.
B) it was common practice to arrest African Americans.
C) police were expected to enforce slavery laws and it was common practice to arrest African Americans.
D) police were expected to enforce slavery laws.

Question 7

Which of the following reflects police perspective on pursuits?

A) None of these.
B) Involvement in a pursuit increases the participants' adrenaline and excitement.
C) Pursuits are dangerous.
D) All of these: pursuits are dangerous and must be controlled, and involvement in a pursuit increases the participants' adrenaline and excitement.
E) Pursuits must be controlled.

Question 8

The controversy concerning use-of-force continuums involves which of the following?

A) whether they have outlived their usefulness
B) whether they increase liability
C) whether they should be included in use-of-force policies
D) all of these

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a low-discretion situation?

A) pulling over a driver who fails to signal a lane change
B) pulling over a driver who fails to signal a lane change, executing an arrest warrant, and stopping a motorist who's speeding to get to the hospital
C) stopping a motorist who's speeding to get to the hospital
D) none of these
E) executing an arrest warrant

Question 10

Discrimination based on a person's race is called

A) discrimination.
B) balancing.
C) disparity.
D) ghosting.
E) racial profiling.

Question 11

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that police may use potentially deadly force to end a high-speed chase involving a subject whose actions put the public at risk?

A) County of Sacramento v. Lewis
B) Scott v. Harris
C) Robinette v. Barnes
D) Mendoza v. Block
E) Brady v. Maryland

Question 12

The wishes of____________ are often the single most important influence on police selective enforcement practice.

A) other officers
B) informants
C) complainants
D) judges
E) suspects

Question 13

A common less-lethal force alternative is

A) pepper spray.
B) specialty impact munitions such as beanbag rounds.
C) the TASER.
D) all of these.

Question 14

Challenges to law enforcement when dealing with immigrants include all except

A) reluctance to report crime.
B) misunderstandings caused by cultural differences.
C) language barriers.
D) officers' unwillingness to help immigrants.

Question 15

The result of the decision____________________________________is that police are free to engage in dragnet-like searches of buses and trains, in settings where it is extremely difficult for any citizen to refuse to cooperate.

A) Florida v. Bostick
B) Franks v. Delaware
C) County of Sacramento v. Lewis
D) Wisconsin Coachway v. Jones
E) Irwin v. Town of Ware

Question 16

Which case set the standard for liability in police pursuits?

A) Scott v. Harris
B) County of Sacramento v. Lewis
C) Mendoza v. Block
D) Brady v. Maryland
E) Robinette v. Barnes

Question 17

The application of force greater than that required to compel compliance from a subject is called

A) excessive force.
B) lethal force.
C) physical force.
D) restraint.
E) deadly force.

Question 18

The case that effectively removed the absolute sovereign immunity from civil liability previously enjoyed by governmental entities and their employees was

A) Franks v. Delaware.
B) Tennessee v. Garner.
C) Graham v. Connor.
D) Monell v. New York City Department of Social Services.
E) Florida v. Bostick.

Question 19

Factors included in most police pursuit policies include which of the following?

A) weather conditions
B) traffic conditions
C) the offense
D) all of these

Question 20

Police departments attempt to avoid charges of racial profiling by

A) focusing on a person's behavior.
B) focusing on intelligence gathered.
C) data collection.
D) effective data analysis.
E) all of these.

Question 21

Justification for use of deadly force must consider the legal right and the need to apprehend the suspect compared with the arresting officer's safety and the value of human life.

Question 22

Having integrity is as simple as playing by the rules.

Question 23

Research shows that female officers are less likely to use excessive or deadly force.

Question 24

The IACP defines force as "the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance from an unwilling subject."

Question 25

"Lawsuit paranoia" has also been called________________________.

Question 26

When officers fail to treat equals equally because of race, religion, sex, or age biases,_________________ occurs.

Question 27

refers to the shared level of trust among residents in a neighborhood, including their expectations of social control and their capacity to wield some degree of control over what happens in their own community.

Question 28

involves moral behavior and doing what is considered right and just.

Question 29

Under state statutes, police officers cannot be sued for wrongful death.

Question 30

occurs when officers unfairly stop unoffending motorists in an effort to manipulate their data for statistical purposes.

Question 31

Police discretion is seldom a part of issues involving discrimination, racial profiling, use of force, or pursuit.

Question 32

Which of the following factors have been shown to contribute to an officer's conditioned hesitation?

A) physical fitness
B) the officer's mindset
C) training
D) all of these
E) fear

Question 33

High-speed police pursuits are both effective and dangerous.

Question 34

The legal obligation incurred for an injury suffered as the result of the failure to conduct a specific task within a given standard is

A) liability.
B) less-lethal force.
C) litigaphobia.
D) balancing.
E) corruption.

Question 35

Many state statutes authorize use of deadly force to prevent commission of a felony.

Question 36

Most police pursuit policies are faulty in that they fail to consider the offense, traffic conditions, or weather conditions.

Question 37

The IACP defines  __________ as "the application of an amount and/or frequency of force greater than that required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject."

Question 38

One type of stun gun is the TASER, which is an acronym for____________  .

Question 39

The landmark case of Brady v. Maryland places on a prosecutor an affirmative constitutional duty to disclose____________evidence, or that which is favorable to the accused defendant.

Question 40

-as it applies to police service-is a series of concepts and beliefs that, combined, provide structure to an agency's operation and officers' professional and personal ethics.

Question 41

Outline and discuss the effectiveness or safety level of high-speed police pursuits.

Question 42

Discuss the ways an agency and its officers can reduce the risk of civil liability.

Question 43

What are some common less-lethal options available to law enforcement officers? Do you think that law enforcement officers should be subjected to less-lethal options as a part of their training? If yes, which ones? If not, why not?

Question 44

What is pursuit? What is the basic dilemma of pursuits? What three aspects of pursuit are agreed upon by law enforcement? Do you believe all law enforcement agencies should allow auto pursuits? Why or why not?

Question 45

Outline and discuss the issues surrounding use-of-force continuums.

Question 46

is "a violation of integrity through the abuse of one's role or position, or the influencing of a person in authority either for personal benefit or the benefit of another."

Question 47

What are some challenges facing law enforcement agencies in jurisdictions with large immigrant populations? What is the 287(g) program? What are some of the criticisms of the 287(g) program?

Question 48

List and discuss the core virtues you believe are required for one to truly possess integrity and how these virtues serve a police officer.

Question 49

What is the difference between disparity and discrimination? Provide an example not in the text. What is DMC? How has the federal government addressed DMC at the state level? What steps have some law enforcement agencies taken to address DMC?

Question 50

How does the IACP define force? What are the five recognized purposes, known as the "rules of engagement," that justify the legitimate use of force? Which is the most common purpose? What court case established what constitutes reasonable force? Briefly recap the facts of the case, including the four factors against which an officer's actions must be measured.