Deck 13: Us Courts

Question 1

Historically, juvenile courts have been________________________systems that stress rehabilitation.

A) informal
B) private
C) nonadversarial
D) informal, private, and nonadversarial
E) none of these choices

Answer 1

D

Question 2

At the________________________  , the youth is questioned about the alleged offense.

A) adjudication hearing
B) preliminary hearing
C) disposition hearing
D) grand jury hearing
E) appeals hearing

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All are aims of the community courts except

A) improving efficiency in the court system.
B) having sanctions match offenders.
C) bridge-building between public and private agencies.
D) operating a business in the jurisdiction.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The authority to hear an appeal to set aside a conviction is

A) venue.
B) preliminary hearing.
C) trial court authority.
D) original jurisdiction.
E) appellate jurisdiction.

Question 5

________________________is a legal negotiation between the prosecutor and the defense lawyer in which they reach an agreement that avoids a trial.

A) Arraignment
B) Indictment
C) Plea bargaining
D) Writ of habeas corpus
E) Complaint

Question 6

The________________________  hearing in juvenile court is similar to the trial in the adult court system.

A) adjudication
B) preliminary
C) disposition
D) grand jury
E) appeals

Question 7

If a defendant chooses to waive a jury trial and appear before the judge only, this is called a(n)

A) arraignment.
B) no-bill.
C) petition.
D) bench trial.
E) plea bargain.

Question 8

DWI courts are being established to

A) protect public safety.
B) reduce recidivism.
C) attack the root cause of impaired driving.
D) all of these choices.

Question 9

A basic element of domestic violence court is

A) education.
B) strict monitoring of convicted offenders.
C) individualized counseling.
D) group counseling.
E) community service.

Question 10

All are key players in the judicial process except the

A) judge.
B) defendant.
C) prosecutor.
D) jury.
E) witnesses.

Question 11

The goals of________________________are to reduce recidivism, reduce substance abuse, and rehabilitate offenders.

A) trial courts
B) appellate courts
C) drug courts
D) tribal courts
E) community courts.

Question 12

Our criminal justice system is based on

A) an adversary system.
B) the presumption of guilt.
C) trials with little plea negotiation.
D) a person's ability to pay for justice.
E) all of these choices.

Question 13

It is believed that plea bargaining is involved in____________ of all felony convictions.

A) less than 10 percent
B) about 25 percent
C) nearly 50 percent
D) approximately 75 percent
E) more than 90 percent

Question 14

The concept of________________________ means the state is responsible for the general protection of all people within its jurisdiction who cannot protect themselves, including children.

A) nolo contendere
B) parens patriae
C) voir dire
D) lex talionis
E) pro bono

Question 15

A____________ is a document alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, status offender, or dependent and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the child.

A) writ of certiorari
B) writ of habeas corpus
C) complaint
D) petition
E) warrant

Question 16

In the____________  , the determination is made whether probable cause exists for believing that an offense has been committed and the accused committed it.

A) diversion hearing
B) arraignment
C) preliminary hearing
D) presentment
E) discovery process

Question 17

The one-pot approach resulted from the juvenile court equating poor and abused children with

A) high school dropouts.
B) delinquent and criminal children.
C) orphans.
D) mentally ill children.
E) terminally ill children.

Question 18

Leadership in the criminal justice system is usually provided by the

A) defense attorney.
B) prosecutor.
C) judge.
D) jury.
E) probation officer.

Question 19

In 1899, the Juvenile Court Act created the first

A) trial court.
B) appellate court.
C) juvenile court.
D) tribal court.
E) community court.

Question 20

The main focus of the reentry court is to

A) prevent recidivism.
B) aid in reintegration.
C) assist in life skills.
D) all of these choices.

Question 21

Criminal jurisdiction in Indian country is straightforward and simple.

Question 22

The Supreme Court establishes the court structure for each state.

Question 23

Appellate jurisdiction has the ability to try cases.

Question 24

Police officers must become familiar with each step of the criminal justice process so they can intelligently bring about desired results.

Question 25

Through____________  , the defense attorney tries to discredit prosecution witnesses.

A) the discovery process
B) diversion
C) cross-examination
D) plea bargaining
E) judicial waiver

Question 26

A________________________is an order by the judge to remove an individual or group from the courtroom with the purpose of secluding them from others' testimony or those involved in the case to avoid being accidentally tainted.

Question 27

______________________ established standards for the admission of expert testimony in federal courts.

Question 28

An acquittal is a formal certification by the court stating that the accused is found "guilty" of the
crimes he or she has been charged with.

Question 29

A court with the authority to try cases is often called a________________________ .

Question 30

In________________________ , the Supreme Court held that the prosecution violates due process when it "withholds evidence on demand of an accused which, if made available, would tend to exculpate him or reduce the penalty."

Question 31

Community courts apply the principles of involvement, balanced and restorative justice, offender accountability, and links to treatment and other services.

Question 32

Mental health courts are in operation in every state.

Question 33

Adjudication is the process of judicially deciding a legal case.

Question 34

The federal court system has four tiers: district courts, appellate courts, juvenile courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 35

__________ means that the accused is assumed innocent until proof to the contrary is clearly established.

Question 36

________________________  are neighborhood-based courts that seek to solve local problems.

Question 37

The________________________allows juvenile court judges to transfer cases based on a juvenile's age, type of offense, prior record, and dangerousness.

Question 38

Plea bargaining accounts for nearly 95 percent of all criminal cases in the United States.

Question 39

Mental health courts, drug courts, and juvenile courts are all forms of____________  .

Question 40

When the jury is unable to come to a decision on a case, this is known as a

A) disabled jury.
B) hung jury.
C) sequestered jury.
D) cancelled jury.

Question 41

What is required from our adversary criminal justice system? What is presumption of innocence? Contrast a reasonable doubt standard with a preponderance of evidence standard. When is a clear and convincing evidence standard used?

Question 42

The________________________  seeks to establish probable cause to prevent people from being indiscriminately brought to trial.

Question 43

Describe the purpose of the Juvenile Court Act. What is the one-pot approach? Explain how the doctrine of parens patriae applied to juvenile courts and the states they resided in. What forms of dispositions were available to a judge in juvenile court?

Question 44

Describe in detail the five key players in the judicial process.

Question 45

Discuss the following critical stages in the criminal justice process:
a. Complaint
b.  Citation
c. Warrant
d. Arrest
e. Booking
f. Preliminary hearing
g. Grand jury hearing
h. Arraignment
i. Trial
j. Sentencing

Question 46

Discuss the following specialized courts:
a. Tribal courts
b. Community courts
c. Problem-solving courts
d. Drug courts
e. DWI courts
f. Domestic violence courts
g. Mental health courts
h. Homeless courts