Deck 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Question 1

Talk about:
flagellants

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Talk about:
Black Death

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What factors that led to the urban and rural revolts in the fourteenth century. Which causes were most important and why?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

What were the major themes of the vernacular literature of Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Chaucer? How did the work of Christine de Pizan indicate both similar and different concerns?

Question 5

What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this political and religious conflict?

Question 6

What were the greatest short-term and long-term consequences of the Black Death?

Question 7

Talk about:
pogroms

Question 8

To what extent were climate and disease key factors in producing economic and social changes in the Later Middle Ages?

Question 9

Talk about:
Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron

Question 10

How did the adversities of the fourteenth century affect urban life and medical practices at the time?

Question 11

What led to the papacy's decline during the fourteenth century?

Question 12

What major problems did European states face in the fourteenth century? How are these problems evident in the history of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire?

Question 13

Talk about:
Yersinia pestis

Question 14

What changes occurred in the political life of Italy during the fourteenth century?

Question 15

Talk about:
pneumonic plague

Question 16

Talk about:
bubonic plague

Question 17

What were the causes and consequences of the failure of Germany and Italy to develop strong centralized governments?

Question 18

Talk about:
"little ice age" and great famine

Question 19

Evaluate the social, military, economic, and political consequences of the introduction and use of cannons and gunpowder.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the Jacquerie with the English Peasants' Revolt. What accounts for the differences?

Question 21

Talk about:
Italian communes

Question 22

Talk about:
the gabelle and the taille

Question 23

Talk about:
grandi, popolo grasso, and popolo minuto

Question 24

Talk about:
Orléans

Question 25

Talk about:
gunpowder

Question 26

Talk about:
the Jacquerie

Question 27

Talk about:
the Battle of Crécy

Question 28

Talk about:
scutage

Question 29

Talk about:
dukes of Burgundy and Orleans

Question 30

Talk about:
condottieri

Question 31

Talk about:
Wat Tyler, John Ball, and the English Peasants' Revolt

Question 32

Talk about:
the Visconti and the d'Este

Question 33

Talk about:
Henry V and the Battle of Agincourt

Question 34

Talk about:
the longbow

Question 35

Talk about:
Joan of Arc

Question 36

Talk about:
Charles the dauphin/VII

Question 37

Talk about:
Golden Bull of Charles IV

Question 38

Talk about:
Statute of Laborers

Question 39

Talk about:
the Hundred Years' War

Question 40

Talk about:
Florence's ciompi

Question 41

Talk about:
Catherine of Siena

Question 42

Talk about:
Avignon

Question 43

Talk about:
Modern Devotion

Question 44

Talk about:
Gerard Groote

Question 45

Talk about:
Meister Eckhart

Question 46

Talk about:
Giotto

Question 47

Talk about:
Council of Constance

Question 48

Talk about:
William of Occam and nominalism

Question 49

Talk about:
Pope Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam

Question 50

Talk about:
Great Schism

Question 51

Talk about:
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

Question 52

Talk about:
mysticism

Question 53

Talk about:
Petrarch's sonnets

Question 54

Talk about:
Christine de Pizan

Question 55

Talk about:
conciliarism

Question 56

Talk about:
Brothers and Sisters of the Common Life

Question 57

Talk about:
the vernacular

Question 58

Talk about:
Council of Ten and the doge

Question 59

Talk about:
Dante's Divine Comedy

Question 60

Talk about:
Marsiglio of Padua

Question 61

Postplague socioeconomic relations between rich and poor in Europe

A) improved noticeably as Christians sought to make peace with one another to please an angry God.
B) did not alter from their preplague character.
C) deteriorated because a surplus of workers resulted in a dramatic downturn in wages.
D) improved radically as the economy entered into a period of sustained prosperity.
E) got much worse as the positions of landlords deteriorated, and they sought to limit the gains of the peasants.

Question 62

All of the following were reactions to the great plague except

A) an increase in violence and murder due to a sense of life's cheapness.
B) the formation of groups like the flagellants, who flogged themselves to save the world.
C) a reduction in the persecution of religious minorities because of the displeasure it caused God.
D) morbidity and preoccupation with death in everyday life.
E) economic depression.

Question 63

What was the main cause of the early fourteenth century famines?

A) a blight that struck the wheat crop
B) a lack of knowledge of scientific agriculture
C) droughts throughout most of Europe
D) a little ice age inducing bad weather with heavy rains
E) urban pollution that spread into nearby farming regions.

Question 64

One major issue behind the Hundred Years' War was a claim to the French throne by the English king

A) John II.
B) Edward II.
C) Edward III.
D) William the Conqueror
E) Henry I.

Question 65

Talk about:
Francisco Traini's The Triumph of Death

Question 66

The bubonic plague originated in

A) Africa.
B) Syria.
C) Italy.
D) the Azores.
E) Asia.

Question 67

Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century

A) devastated peasants but not nobles.
B) brought an economic boom to landlords.
C) caused only minor changes in agricultural practices.
D) raised wages because of a scarcity of labor.
E) had little impact.

Question 68

The Black Death resulted in a decline of the European population by

A) 10 percent.
B) between 15 and 25 percent.
C) between 25 and 50 percent.
D) between 50 and 75 percent.
E) 80 percent.

Question 69

A key economic consequence of the plague was

A) the rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry.
B) a decline in manorialism and weakening of feudalism as noble landlords desperate for cash converted peasant labor service to market rents freeing their serfs.
C) the more frequent bankruptcy of monarchs as they emptied their treasuries trying to provide poor relief.
D) the very slow enrichment of middling peasant laborers who began to dominate rural communities.
E) a long-term trend to abandon cities for the more secure rural environment.

Question 70

The term ars moriendi means

A) the art of dying.
B) the beauty of death.
C) the triumph of life.
D) the art of living well
E) the divine artist

Question 71

During the Black Death

A) Western Europe became home to large Jewish communities because of persecutions in Russia and Poland.
B) the worst organized massacres of the Jews were carried out in England.
C) the Jews acted as partners of the flagellants in seeking to mitigate the effects of plague.
D) Strasbourg became the most important place of refuge for Jews.
E) Jews were accused of causing the plague by poisoning town wells.

Question 72

The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381

A) was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people.
B) was halted when leaders Wat Tyler and John Ball betrayed the peasants' cause.
C) succeeded in getting the government to agree to the peasants' demands.
D) gained long-term results for the peasants.
E) led to the end of the Hundred Years' War.

Question 73

Talk about:
clocks, eyeglasses, and paper

Question 74

Talk about:
the "four humors"

Question 75

The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by

A) drafting the rebels into the army.
B) taking no action and letting it run its course.
C) negotiating a settlement with its leaders.
D) massacring the participants.
E) renouncing their historic privileges.

Question 76

Pogroms were

A) religious ceremonies convened to ask for God's help against the plague.
B) special indulgences granted to those infected with the plague.
C) organized massacres against the Jews.
D) the name given to people believed to be responsible for the Black Death.
E) mysterious sites where people could go to miraculously recover from the plague.

Question 77

The flagellants

A) were praised by the Catholic church for their miraculous deeds.
B) were attracted attention and created mass hysteria wherever they went.
C) worked with both Jews and clergy to cope with the disorder and dislocation caused by the plague.
D) remained a popular religious movement throughout the fourteenth century.
E) were only to be found in isolated rural areas.

Question 78

The European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by

A) seeking to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers.
B) producing only the most basic foodstuffs, such as grain.
C) petitioning kings to order the relocation of laborers.
D) forming agricultural cooperatives linking landowners, laborers, and city consumers.
E) investing in trade and commerce rather than agricultural production.

Question 79

Merchants and manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the fourteenth century by

A) increasing their prices.
B) restricting competition and resisting the demands of the lower classes.
C) blaming the Jews and persecuting them.
D) pressuring the government to raise the prices of their products.
E) adopting laissez-faire policies.

Question 80

Among the adverse economic and population changes in fourteenth-century Europe were

A) shrinking peasant land holdings below the size needed to support a family.
B) an exodus of residents from overpopulated rural areas.
C) rapidly rising numbers of poor people in cities.
D) all productive land was being farmed, including many marginal lands susceptible to changing weather patterns
E) all the above