Deck 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Question 1

Discus the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Who gained most from the early Industrial Revolution, and whose lives were most adversely affected? Why?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

Did industrialization bring an improved standard of living to the people of Europe? Why or why not?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

Talk about:
Industrial Revolution

Question 5

Talk about:
agricultural revolution

Question 6

Talk about:
cotton industry

Question 7

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

Question 8

What attitudes and lifestyle defined the new industrial middle class?

Question 9

Talk about:
James Hargreaves's spinning jenny

Question 10

Talk about:
canals

Question 11

Talk about:
capital

Question 12

Compare and contrast the patterns of industrialization in Continental Europe and the United States with that of Great Britain.

Question 13

Talk about:
Richard Arkwright's water frame

Question 14

How are changes in population growth and the development of urbanization related to the Industrial Revolution?

Question 15

Did governments do more to promote the interests of workers or of employers during the Industrial Revolution, and why?

Question 16

Discuss and trace the role of the factory in the early Industrial Revolution. What made the factory system possible? What impact did it have on the lives of workers, especially on women and children?

Question 17

Talk about:
the cottage system

Question 18

Talk about:
hand-loom weavers

Question 19

Talk about:
Samuel Crompton's mule

Question 20

Did the Industrial Revolution create entirely new collective identities in the form of distinct classes? How did these classes differ from former social groupings?

Question 21

Talk about:
preindustrial workers

Question 22

Talk about:
the Great Famine

Question 23

Talk about:
India's cotton cloth production

Question 24

Talk about:
Ireland and the potato

Question 25

Talk about:
steamboats

Question 26

Talk about:
Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 27

Talk about:
factory discipline

Question 28

Talk about:
industrial factory

Question 29

Talk about:
James Watt and the rotary engine

Question 30

Talk about:
the Crystal Palace

Question 31

Talk about:
joint-stock companies

Question 32

Talk about:
the American system

Question 33

Talk about:
railroads

Question 34

Talk about:
Henry Cort

Question 35

Talk about:
coal and coke

Question 36

Talk about:
George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 37

Talk about:
tariffs

Question 38

Talk about:
puddling, pig iron, and wrought iron

Question 39

Talk about:
the factory

Question 40

Talk about:
Richard Trevithick

Question 41

Talk about:
Robert Owen

Question 42

Talk about:
Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 43

Talk about:
working class

Question 44

Talk about:
cholera

Question 45

Talk about:
Edwin Chadwick

Question 46

Talk about:
the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 47

Talk about:
Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 48

Talk about:
child labor

Question 49

Talk about:
Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 50

Talk about:
factory acts

Question 51

Talk about:
trade unions

Question 52

Talk about:
domestic servants

Question 53

Talk about:
Chartism and the People's Charter

Question 54

Talk about:
suburbs

Question 55

Talk about:
Luddites

Question 56

Talk about:
new elites

Question 57

Talk about:
the London Working Men's Association

Question 58

Talk about:
the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

Question 59

Talk about:
the Poor Law of 1834

Question 60

Talk about:
bourgeoisie

Question 61

Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 was held

A) in Manchester.
B) at Kensington Palace.
C) in the newly built Crystal Palace.
D) at scattered locations across England and Wales.
E) at the Houses of Parliament.

Question 62

During the second half of the eighteenth century, the import of raw cotton into Britain

A) increased dramatically.
B) decreased dramatically.
C) remained largely unchanged.
D) increased slightly.
E) decreased slightly.

Question 63

The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following except

A) canals.
B) roads.
C) bridges.
D) internal customs posts.
E) railroads.

Question 64

The first step toward the Industrial Revolution in Britain occurred within its

A) cotton textile industry.
B) wool textile industry.
C) iron industry.
D) railroad industry.
E) mining industry.

Question 65

The Englishman Henry Cort was responsible for the process in iron smelting known as

A) puddling.
B) cottling.
C) the open hearth.
D) skimming.
E) corking.

Question 66

A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline was

A) the promise of increased wages.
B) deportation to the colonies.
C) heavy fines for lost time.
D) lectures and schooling in the rules to parents.
E) repeated beatings.

Question 67

Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century

A) could not keep up with French textile production.
B) was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C) declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D) immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E) was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 68

The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by

A) the urgent need to solve the great poverty in the eighteenth century.
B) the failure of the cottage industry.
C) entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.
D) the industrialization of the Dutch and French.
E) the economic and technological needs engendered by the French Revolution.

Question 69

The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers who now

A) were often paid in kind.
B) no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.
C) were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D) got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E) became serfs, legally tied to factories.

Question 70

Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following except

A) a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.
B) the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century.
C) a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets.
D) Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.
E) a developed financial system.

Question 71

Steam engines were powered by

A) gasoline.
B) iron.
C) coal.
D) oil.
E) all of the above.

Question 72

Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution began

A) before 1700.
B) between 1700 and 1750.
C) sometime after 1750.
D) shortly after 1800.
E) shortly before 1850.

Question 73

James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for his invention of

A) the spinning jenny.
B) the mule-powered Newcomen engine.
C) a rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton.
D) the first steam-powered locomotive.
E) the power loom.

Question 74

Talk about:
the workhouse

Question 75

The water frame spinning machine was invented by

A) James Hargreaves.
B) James Watts.
C) Benjamin Franklin.
D) Richard Arkwright.
E) Matthew Boulton.

Question 76

In 1804, Richard Trevithick pioneered

A) an oil-fired locomotive.
B) the steering wheel for trains.
C) the first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line.
D) the first electric-powered locomotive for military use.
E) the motion-picture camera.

Question 77

Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?

A) Arkwright's spinning frame.
B) Hargreaves' spinning jenny.
C) Cartwright's power loom.
D) Compton's mule.
E) all of the above.

Question 78

The new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution

A) was rejected by evangelical religions as being "unchristian."
B) was basically a continuation from the cottage industry system.
C) was never adopted by the working class.
D) relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
E) was inspired by the examples of Belgium and France.

Question 79

The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in

A) increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
B) increasing the size of markets and the price of goods.
C) bringing about the demise of joint-stock companies.
D) defeating Napoleon.
E) making London a great port city.

Question 80

The success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution made Britain dependent upon

A) timber.
B) coal.
C) water power.
D) electricity.
E) copper.