Deck 7: Light and Color

Question 1

Which of the following is true of the speed of light?

A) It increases as the frequency of light increases.
B) It increases as the wavelength of light increases.
C) It is constant; it does not depend on frequency and wavelength of light.
D) It decreases as the frequency of light increases.
E) It decreases as the wavelength of light increases.

Answer 1

It is constant; it does not depend on frequency and wavelength of light.

Question 2

Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing frequency  (X-rays, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, Visible).

A) Microwaves < Visible < Ultraviolet < X-rays
B) Microwaves < Visible < X-rays < Ultraviolet
C) Ultraviolet < X-rays < Visible < Microwaves
D) Ultraviolet < Visible < X-rays < Microwaves
E) X-rays < Microwaves < Ultraviolet < Visible

Answer 2

Microwaves < Visible < Ultraviolet < X-rays

Question 3

Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength (Infrared, Radio waves, Ultraviolet, Visible).

A) Radio waves < Infrared < Visible < Ultraviolet
B) Radio waves < Visible < Infrared < Ultraviolet
C) Ultraviolet < Infrared < Visible < Radio waves
D) Ultraviolet < Visible < Infrared < Radio waves
E) Infrared < Radio waves < Ultraviolet < Visible

Answer 3

Ultraviolet < Visible < Infrared < Radio waves

Question 4

Which of the following is/are true when comparing ultraviolet light with visible light?

A) Ultraviolet light has a longer wavelength than that of visible light.
B) Ultraviolet light has a lower frequency than that of visible light.
C) Ultraviolet light has lower energy than that of visible light.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 5

The substances responsible for the green color of leaves area class of compounds called _____.

A) chloroforms
B) chlorophylls
C) chlorofluorocarbons
D) carotenes
E) flavonoids

Question 6

Which of these statements is/are  true ?
I. As wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
II. As energy increases, frequency decreases.
III. As wavelength increases, energy decreases.
IV. The product of wavelength and frequency is constant.

A) I, III, and IV
B) I and II
C) I, II, and IV
D) III and IV
E) II, III, and IV

Question 7

Which of these is not a characteristic of light?

A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Energy
D) Amplitude
E) Mass

Question 8

Which of the following is/are true when comparing infrared light with visible light?

A) Infrared light has a longer wavelength than that of visible light.
B) Infrared light has a lower frequency than that of  visible light.
C) Infrared light has a lower energy than that of  visible light.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 9

Energy of light is _____.

A) proportional to  its  frequency and wavelength
B) inversely proportional to  its  frequency and wavelength
C) proportional to its  frequency and inversely proportional to  its  wavelength
D) inversely proportional to  its  frequency and proportional to  its  wavelength
E) independent of its frequency and energy

Question 10

Which of these scientists is credited with the discovery of X-rays?

A) Bohr
B) Hertz
C) Heisenberg
D) Roentgen
E) Einstein

Question 11

What is the frequency of light emitted by a helium-neon laser if the wavelength of the light is 632.8 nm and the speed of light is 3 × 10 ⁸ m/s?

A) 4.74 × 10¹⁴ s ^{− 1}
B) 4.74 × 10⁵ s ^{− 1}
C) 1.58 × 10 ^{− 3} s ^{− 1}
D) 2.11 × 10 ^{− 15} s ^{− 1}
E) 1.58 × 10 ^{− 15} s ^{− 1}

Question 12

Which of these characteristics of light is responsible for determining its color?

A) Magnetic component
B) Electrical component
C) Speed
D) Amplitude
E) Wavelength

Question 13

Tiny packets of energy that travel at the speed of light are known as _____.

A) photons
B) X-rays
C) carotenes
D) chlorophylls
E) gamma rays

Question 14

An FM radio station, broadcasts at a frequency of 1.039 × 10⁸ s ^{− 1}. What is the wavelength of the radio waves, in meters? c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

A) 0.346 m
B) 2.89 m
C) 3.11 × 10⁸ m
D) 3.11 × 10¹⁶ m
E) 3.0 × 10 ^{− 9} m

Question 15

Which of these statements is not true concerning the nature of light?

A) Light has both particle and wave characteristics.
B) Particles of light are collectively called photons.
C) Light travels faster in space than it does on Earth.
D) The wave nature of light has both a magnetic  component and an electrical component.
E) The wavelength of light is inversely proportional to the frequency of light.

Question 16

Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing energy  (Infrared, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, Visible).

A) Microwaves < Infrared < Visible < Ultraviolet
B) Microwaves < Visible < Infrared < Ultraviolet
C) Ultraviolet < Infrared < Visible < Microwaves
D) Ultraviolet < Visible < Infrared < Microwaves
E) Infrared < Microwaves < Ultraviolet < Visible

Question 17

If wave 1 has a wavelength that is half that of wave 2, which of the following is correct?

A) The frequency and the energy of wave 1 are twice that of wave 2.
B) The frequency and the energy of wave 1 are half that of wave 2.
C) Wave 1 has half the frequency and twice the energy of wave 2.
D) Wave 1 has twice the frequency and half the energy of wave 2.
E) The question stem lacks enough information.

Question 18

The speed of light is 3.0 x 10⁸ _____.

A) meters per second
B) miles per hour
C) kilometers per second
D) kilometers per hour
E) centimeters per second

Question 19

Wavelength of light is _____.

A) proportional to  its  frequency and energy
B) inversely proportional to its  frequency and energy
C) proportional to  its  frequency and inversely proportional to its  energy
D) inversely proportional to its  frequency and proportional to its  energy
E) independent of its frequency and energy

Question 20

Which of these scientists is credited with the discovery of radio waves?

A) Bohr
B) Hertz
C) Heisenberg
D) Roentgen
E) Einstein

Question 21

The interaction of matter and light is known as _____.

A) photodecomposition
B) phosphorescence
C) fluorescence
D) spectroscopy
E) photochemistry

Question 22

Which of these processes can an excited molecule undergo?
I. Photodecomposition
II. Emission of light
III. Emission of heat

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 23

Which of these processes could occur during electronic relaxation?
I. Photodecomposition
II. Fluorescence
III. Emission of heat

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 24

Which of these forms of electromagnetic radiation is used in the treatment of cancer tumors?

A) Gamma  radiation
B) Infrared  radiation
C) Ultraviolet  radiation
D) Microwave  radiation
E) All of these

Question 25

Which of the following describes the slow emission of light that occurs in glow-in-the-dark toys?

A) Photodecomposition
B) Phosphorescence
C) Fluorescence
D) Spectroscopy
E) Both phosphorescence and fluorescence

Question 26

Which of these colors of visible light has the lowest energy?

A) Red
B) Orange
C) Yellow
D) Blue
E) Violet

Question 27

The exact frequency that causes a transition in a nucleus is known as the _____ frequency.

A) resonance
B) absorption
C) relaxation
D) emission
E) modular

Question 28

Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

A) Red
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Blue
E) Violet

Question 29

Which of these processes is/are responsible for the breaking of bonds within a molecule?
I. Photodecomposition
II. Fluorescence
III. Emission of heat

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 30

Which of these processes involve/involves the emission of light by the relaxation of excited electrons?

A) Photodecomposition
B) Phosphorescence
C) Fluorescence
D) Spectroscopy
E) Both phosphorescence and fluorescence

Question 31

A graph that shows the change in the transition of a nucleus as a function of radio wave frequency is known as _____.

A) resonance frequency
B) an absorption spectrum
C) relaxation time
D) an emission spectrum
E) resonance imaging

Question 32

The processes by which an excited electron returns to its ground state with the emission of energy is known as ____.

A) photodecomposition
B) electronic relaxation
C) spectroscopy
D) electronic degradation
E) microwave radiation

Question 33

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the spectroscopy of the nuclei of _____ atoms.

A) hydrogen
B) carbon
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen
E) helium

Question 34

Which of these forms of electromagnetic radiation can contribute to an increased risk of cancer?
I. Gamma radiation
II. Infrared  radiation
III. Ultraviolet  radiation
IV. Microwave  radiation

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 35

The rapid emission of light by an excited molecule is known as _____.

A) photodecomposition
B) phosphorescence
C) fluorescence
D) spectroscopy
E) luminescence

Question 36

Which of these is not a form of spectroscopy?

A) NMR
B) MRI
C) photochemistry
D) phosphorescence
E) fluorescence

Question 37

The wavelength of visible light ranges from 400 _____ to 780 _____.

A) micrometers; nanometers
B) kilometers; meters
C) meters; meters
D) millimeters; centimeters
E) nanometers; nanometers

Question 38

The key to obtaining an image, like in MRI, as opposed to a graph, like in NMR, is to create a(n) _____.

A) high resonance frequency
B) low resonance frequency
C) internal magnetic field that remains constant in space
D) external magnetic field that varies in space
E) electrical current

Question 39

Which of these statements best describes the difference between traditional spectroscopy and NMR?

A) Spectroscopy requires that the sample be in a magnetic field.
B) NMR utilizes high energy electromagnetic radiation , whereas  spectroscopy does not.
C) NMR utilizes the transitions of hydrogen nuclei , whereas  spectroscopy utilizes the transitions of electrons.
D) NMR and spectroscopy are essentially the same.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Question 40

Which of these forms of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

A) X-rays
B) Microwaves
C) Gamma rays
D) Radio waves
E) Infrared  rays

Question 41

Which of these is not a medical application of lasers?

A) Removal of skin cancer
B) Reshaping of the cornea
C) Cutting of vision-impairing tissues in cataract patients
D) Removal of tumors using fiber optics
E) Detection of pregnancy

Question 42

Which of these is not an application of gas lasers?

A) Gas lasers are used in the removal of tumors.
B) Gas lasers are used to produce visual effects.
C) Gas lasers are used in surveying.
D) Gas lasers are used as a cutting guide in manufacturing.
E) Gas lasers are used as an alignment tool for optics.

Question 43

Which of these is not an application of lasers?

A) Compact discs
B) Imaging tissues
C) Supermarket scanners
D) Surveying equipment
E) Aiming devices

Question 44

How does LASER light differ from ordinary white light?
I. Laser light is hotter than white light.
II. Laser light's waves are in phase.
III. Laser light contains only one wavelength.
IV. Laser light is always red in color.

A) II only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and III
E) II, III, and IV

Question 45

Which of these is not a characteristic of laser light?

A) It contains only one wavelength.
B) It contains waves that are in phase.
C) It is very intense.
D) It does not spread much.
E) It is a combination of wavelengths.

Question 46

Which of these is not an application of MRI?

A) Detection of diseased tissue
B) Mapping of brain function
C) Detection of spinal cord lesions
D) Destruction of cancerous tumors
E) Detection of abnormalities of the central nervous system

Question 47

Identify the application(s) of semiconductor lasers.

A) Scanners
B) Laser pointers
C) Laser scalpels
D) CD players
E) All of these

Question 48

What type of laser is the argon ion laser?

A) Gas  laser
B) Dye  laser
C) Chemical laser
D) Semiconductor  laser
E) Solid-state  laser

Question 49

What type of laser is a ruby laser?

A) Gas  laser
B) Dye  laser
C) Solid-state  laser
D) Semiconductor  laser
E) Chemical laser

Question 50

Which of these is an application of lasers?

A) Lasers are integral parts of compact disc players.
B) Lasers are used in surgeries.
C) Lasers are integral parts of supermarket scanners.
D) Lasers are used in surveying equipment.
E) All of these

Question 51

Which of these is the correct expansion of the acronym LASER?

A) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
B) Light Acceleration by Spectroscopic Emission of Radiation
C) Light Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
D) Light Amplification by Spectroscopic Electromagnetic Radiation
E) Light Amplification by Spectroscopic Excited Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 52

The time required for a nucleus to return to its original orientation after a transition is known as  _____.

A) resonance time
B) transition time
C) emission time
D) absorption time
E) relaxation time

Question 53

Which one of the following categories of lasers utilize an organic substance in a liquid solution?

A) Gas  lasers
B) Dye  lasers
C) Chemical lasers
D) Semiconductor  lasers
E) Solid-state  lasers

Question 54

The lasting medium in a solid-state laser is usually a(n) _____ distributed in a solid crystal.

A) gas
B) excited electron
C) nonmetal ion
D) metal ion
E) liquid

Question 55

What type of laser is the Nd:YAG laser?

A) Gas  laser
B) Dye  laser
C) Chemical laser
D) Semiconductor  laser
E) Solid-state  laser

Question 56

Which one of the following categories of lasers are also called diode lasers?

A) Gas  lasers
B) Dye  lasers
C) Chemical lasers
D) Semiconductor  lasers
E) Solid-state  lasers

Question 57

Which of these is not an advantage of a laser beam over a scalpel?

A) It can make precise cuts.
B) It is relatively inexpensive.
C) Its wavelength can be varied for desirable effects.
D) It causes minimum damage to surrounding tissues.
E) It can be delivered through a fiber optic cable to locations that are difficult to reach.

Question 58

Which one of the following categories of lasers are usually the smallest?

A) Gas  lasers
B) Dye  lasers
C) Chemical lasers
D) Semiconductor  lasers
E) Solid-state  lasers

Question 59

Which of these is the primary difference in lasers?

A) The color of the light
B) The nature of the lasing medium
C) The intensity of the light emitted
D) The wavelength of the light emitted
E) The speed at which the light emitted travels

Question 60

Which one of the following categories of lasers have the unique feature of wavelength tunability?

A) Gas  lasers
B) Dye  lasers
C) Chemical lasers
D) Semiconductor  lasers
E) Solid-state  lasers

Question 61

When excited, a particular element emits yellow light with wavelength 589 nm. Identify the element.

A) Hydrogen
B) Sodium
C) Lithium
D) Helium
E) Mercury

Question 62

If the molecules of an object absorb all light, the object appears _____.

A) white
B) blue
C) black
D) yellow
E) red

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true of a laser cavity?

A) A laser cavity consists of four mirrors.
B) All the mirrors in a laser cavity are fully reflective mirrors.
C) In a laser cavity, the first photon hits one of the mirrors and bounces back to pass through the lasting medium again.
D) A chain reaction produces a large number of photons that circulate outside a laser cavity.
E) In a laser cavity, the wavelength of the first photon is different from the wavelengths of the other photons.

Question 64

The wavelengths of green and red lights are 500 nm and 700 nm, respectively. Which of the following statements is correct?

A) The frequency of green light is more than the frequency of red light.
B) The frequency of green light is less than the frequency of red light.
C) The energy of green light is less than the energy of red light.
D) The frequency of green light is equal to the frequency of red light.
E) The energy of green light is equal to the energy of red light.

Question 65

Which of these is not a medical application of lasers?

A) Removal of tumors
B) Removal of birthmarks
C) Removal of kidney stones
D) Corrective eye surgery for near-sightedness
E) Scanning different products in supermarkets

Question 66

_____ is responsible for the fading of fabrics on continuous exposure to sunlight.

A) Fluorescence
B) Phosphorescence
C) Photodecomposition
D) Relaxation
E) Electronic relaxation