Deck 12: The Liquids and Solids Around Us: Especially Water

Question 1

Which of these describes the process by which a liquid molecule at the surface of a liquid escapes to the gas phase?

A) Melting
B) Sublimation
C) Evaporation
D) Deposition
E) Condensation

Answer 1

Evaporation

Question 2

Which substance has the greatest dispersion force?

A) CH₄
B) F₂
C) He
D) Cl₂
E) O₂

Answer 2

Cl₂

Question 3

Which of these statements about cohesive forces is/ are correct?
I. In the absence of cohesive forces, most substances would be solids.
II. Cohesive forces result in the formation of liquid droplets or spheres.
III. A spherical shape minimizes the surface-area-to-volume ratio.

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and III
D) II and III
E) I and II

Answer 3

II and III

Question 4

Which substance is likely to have the highest vapor pressure?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E) The vapor pressure is about the same for all the listed molecules.

Question 5

Which of these statements about liquids is /are  correct?
I. Increased molecular motion results in increased rate of evaporation.
II. Liquids take the shape of their container.
III. Liquids have relatively low compressibility compared to gases.

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 6

Which of these factors does not affect the melting point of a substance?

A) Cohesive attraction
B) Temperature
C) Molecular motion
D) Molecular structure
E) Shape

Question 7

Which of the following statements about liquids is incorrect ?

A) Liquids are highly disordered when compared with solids.
B) Liquids have high molecular motion when compared with solids.
C) Liquids have a relatively fixed shape when compared with solids.
D) Liquids have strong molecular attractions when compared with gases.
E) Liquids have a relatively low compressibility when compared with gases.

Question 8

A crystal structure is found in:

A) gaseous state.
B) liquid state.
C) solid state.
D) all states of matter.
E) plasma state.

Question 9

Which of these statements about boiling point is /are  incorrect ?
I. Boiling occurs when there is  sufficient molecular energy to convert a liquid to a gas.
II. The stronger the cohesive forces, the higher the boiling point.
III. Boiling results in the cleavage of chemical bonds.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and III
E) II and III

Question 10

Which statement (s) about dispersion forces is /are incorrect ?

A) Dispersion forces are sometimes called London forces.
B) Dispersion forces are the weakest of all cohesive forces.
C) Dispersion forces increase with an increase in molar mass.
D) Dispersion forces result in the establishment of a permanent dipole within a molecule.
E) Dispersion forces are the result of small fluctuations in the electron clouds of atoms and molecules.

Question 11

The point at which a liquid gets converted to a gas is known as the _____.

A) boiling point
B) melting point
C) sublimation point
D) deposition point
E) freezing point

Question 12

Which substance is likely to have the greatest dispersion force?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E) The dispersion force is about the same for all the listed molecules.

Question 13

Which substance has the highest boiling point?

A) Ne
B) Kr
C) He
D) Xe
E) Ar

Question 14

Which of these correctly describes a solid with a well-ordered structure?

A) Cohesive
B) Crystalline
C) Amorphous
D) Neat
E) Compressed

Question 15

Which of these substances would you expect to have the lowest boiling point?

A) Diamond
B) Graphite (pencil lead)
C) Water
D) Butane
E) Lead

Question 16

Which of these substances would have the strongest cohesive forces in combination with the greatest molecular mobility?

A) H₂O(l)
B) CH₄(g)
C) KCl(s)
D) O₂(g)
E) Au(s)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about solids is/are correct?
I. Solids have lower kinetic energy than liquids.
II. Molecules present in solids   are in fixed positions.
III. The shape of a solid is independent of the container that holds it.

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II,  and III

Question 18

Arrange CH₄, Cl₂, and CO₂ in order of increasing strength of dispersion forces (least to the greatest).

A) CH₄< CO₂< Cl₂
B) Cl₂< CO₂ < CH₄
C) CH₄< Cl₂< CO₂
D) Cl₂< CH₄ < CO₂
E) CO₂ < Cl₂< CH₄

Question 19

Which of these substances has/have the lowest boiling point?

A) Br₂
B) F₂
C) I₂
D) Cl₂
E) Cl₂ and I₂

Question 20

Which of these substances would have the weakest cohesive forces in combination with extremely high molecular mobility?

A) H₂O(l)
B) CH₄(g)
C) KCl(s)
D) Hg(l)
E) Au(s)

Question 21

Which of these substances is likely to have the strongest cohesive forces?

A) HBr
B) CH₃F
C) CH₃OH
D) CH₃OCH₃
E) SiH₄

Question 22

Which of these substances would exhibit dipole forces?

A) NCl₃
B) Cl₂
C) SiH₄
D) CCl₄
E) CO₂

Question 23

The strength of cohesive forces in a substance:

A) is directly proportional to the substance's melting and boiling points.
B) is inversely proportional to the substance's melting and boiling points.
C) is directly proportional to the substance's melting point and inversely proportional to the substance's boiling point.
D) is inversely proportional to the substance's melting point and directly proportional to the substance's boiling point.
E) is independent of the substance's melting and boiling points.

Question 24

Which of these substances is nonpolar?

A) H₂O
B) SO₂
C) HF
D) CCl₄
E) CH₃F

Question 25

The dominant intermolecular attractive force(s) between CH ₃ Cl molecules is/are _____.

A) dipole forces
B) dispersion forces
C) hydrogen bonding
D) London forces
E) volatile forces

Question 26

In which of the following does hydrogen bonding occur?

A) Nonpolar molecules containing hydrogen
B) All molecules that contain hydrogen
C) Molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon
D) Molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to either nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine
E) All of these

Question 27

Substance A contains stronger cohesive forces than substance B. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Substance A will have a higher boiling point and higher vapor pressure than substance B.
B) Substance A will have a lower boiling point and lower vapor pressure than substance B.
C) Substance A will have a lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure than substance B.
D) Substance A will have a higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure than substance B.
E) Substance A will have the same boiling point and vapor pressure as substance B.

Question 28

Which substance is likely to have the lowest vapor pressure?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
B) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E) The vapor pressure is about the same for all the listed molecules.

Question 29

Which of these substances would have the highest vapor pressure?

A) CH₃Cl
B) NH₃
C) CH₄
D) H₂O
E) HBr

Question 30

Which of these substances in its/their liquid form contain(s) hydrogen bonds?
I. Hg
II. H₂O
III. C₂H₅OH
IV. CH₃CH₃

A) I only
B) II, III, and IV
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 31

Rank NH ₃ , SiH ₄ , and CH ₄ in order of increasing   boiling point (lowest to highest).

A) NH₃ < SiH₄ < CH₄
B) NH₃ < CH₄ < SiH₄
C) SiH₄ < NH₃ < CH₄
D) SiH₄ < CH₄ < NH₃
E) CH₄ < SiH₄ < NH₃

Question 32

Which of these substances would have the highest vapor pressure?

A) CH₃OH
B) C₂H₆
C) SO₂
D) H₂O
E) NH₃

Question 33

Which of these substances would exhibit dipole forces?

A) N₂
B) SO₂
C) SiH₄
D) BeCl₂
E) CO₂

Question 34

Which of these substances is polar?

A) F₂
B) N₂
C) Ne
D) CH₄
E) NH₃

Question 35

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of _____ per liter of _____.

A) solvent; solution
B) solution; solvent
C) solute; solution
D) solution; solute
E) solvent; solute

Question 36

Which of these substances is polar?

A) CO₂
B) SO₂
C) Cl₂
D) CH₄
E) BF₃

Question 37

Rank Ne, HBr, CH ₃ OH, and Ar in order of increasing   strength of cohesive forces (least to greatest).

A) Ne < HBr < CH₃OH < Ar
B) Ar < CH₃OH < HBr < Ne
C) Ne < Ar < CH3OH < HBr
D) Ne < Ar < HBr < CH₃OH
E) Ar < Ne < CH₃OH < HBr

Question 38

Rank Ne, HBr, CH ₃ OH, and Ar in order of increasing  boiling point (lowest to highest).

A) Ne < HBr < CH₃OH < Ar
B) Ar < CH₃OH < HBr < Ne
C) Ne < Ar < CH3OH < HBr
D) Ne < Ar < HBr < CH₃OH
E) Ar < Ne < CH₃OH < HBr

Question 39

Which of these substances contains hydrogen bonds?

A) HBr
B) CH₃F
C) CH₃OH
D) CH₃OCH₃
E) SiH₄

Question 40

Liquids that vaporize easily and have high vapor pressures are known as _____.

A) volatile liquids
B) nonvolatile liquids
C) explosive liquids
D) cohesive liquids
E) adhesive liquids

Question 41

What is the concentration in molarity when 10.00 grams of K ₃ PO ₄ is dissolved in H ₂ O to give 350.0 mL of solution (molar mass of K ₃ PO ₄ = 212.3 g/mol)?

A) 0.0285 M
B) 0.0565 M
C) 0.121 M
D) 0.135 M
E) 0.607 M

Question 42

A 4.50 L sample of sea water contains 32.7 mg of strontium. Determine the concentration of strontium in mg/L.

A) 0.138 mg/L
B) 7.27 mg/L
C) 28.2 mg/L
D) 32.7 mg/L
E) 37.2 mg/L

Question 43

Drinking water contains 175 ppm of dissolved CaCO ₃ per liter. How many grams of CaCO ₃ are present in 2.00 L of water?

A) 0.0035 g
B) 0.0175 g
C) 0.035 g
D) 0.175 g
E) 0.350 g

Question 44

How many grams of CaCl ₂ are present in 35.00 mL of a 0.237 M solution of CaCl ₂ (molar mass CaCl ₂ = 111 g/mol)?

A) 0.307 g
B) 0.460 g
C) 0.920 g
D) 1.84 g
E) 3.75 g

Question 45

What is the concentration of a solution made by dissolving 90.0 g of acetic acid (CH ₃ COOH) in water that gives 0.250 L of solution (molar mass of CH ₃ COOH = 60.0 g/mol)?

A) 1.20 M
B) 2.00 M
C) 6.00 M
D) 0.600 M
E) 0.360 M

Question 46

What is the unit of molarity?

A) Grams per mole
B) Grams per liter
C) Moles per liter
D) Molecules per liter
E) Molecules per mole

Question 47

A 5% acetic acid solution contains _____ grams of acetic acid per _____ grams of solution.

A) 5; 10
B) 95; 100
C) 100; 500
D) 5; 500
E) 50; 1000

Question 48

What is the concentration in molarity of a solution made by dissolving 20.0 grams of KOH in 150.0 mL of H ₂ O  (molar mass of KOH = 56.1056 g/mol)?

A) 0.133 M
B) 0.421 M
C) 2.37 M
D) 4.35 M
E) 7.5 M

Question 49

What is the percent by mass of hydrogen gas dissolved in palladium metal if 0.89 g of hydrogen is dissolved in 215   g of palladium metal?

A) 0.0041%
B) 0.41%
C) 2.4%
D) 4.1%
E) 41%

Question 50

Ethylene glycol is the primary component in antifreeze. How many grams of ethylene glycol (C ₂ H ₄ (OH) ₂ ) are present in 394 mL of a 9.087 M solution of antifreeze (molar mass C ₂ H ₄ (OH) ₂ = 62 g/mol)?

A) 222 g
B) 43.7 g
C) 3.58 g
D) 2.69 g
E) 0.157 g

Question 51

Which of these is/are  not unique property/properties of water?
I. Water expands on freezing.
II. Water molecules are nonpolar.
III. Water is a good solvent.

A) I only
B) I and III
C) II only
D) II and III
E) III only

Question 52

Which of these is not a unit for measuring the concentration of solutions?

A) M
B) m
C) ppm
D) atm
E) mg/L

Question 53

Which of these substances make(s) up the largest fraction of water on the planet?

A) Rain clouds
B) Oceans
C) Ground water
D) Lakes
E) Ice caps

Question 54

Which of the following is the equivalent of 1.00 M?

A) 1.00 ppm solution
B) 1.00% solution
C) 1.00ppb solution
D) 18.00% solution
E) Insufficient data

Question 55

Which of these statements about water is correct?

A) Water has a high boiling point.
B) Water expands when it freezes.
C) Water is the most abundant liquid on the planet.
D) Water molecules form  hydrogen bonds.
E) All of these are correct statements.

Question 56

What fraction of water on the planet is in readily usable forms such as streams and lakes?

A) 98%
B) 47%
C) 2.6%
D) 14%
E) 0.014%

Question 57

Which of these is not a method for measuring the concentration of a solution?

A) Percent by mass
B) Percent by volume
C) Molarity
D) Parts per million
E) Milliliters per gram

Question 58

For solutions in water , a part per million is roughly equivalent to _____.

A) g/mL
B) mg/mL
C) g/L
D) mg/L
E) kg/mL

Question 59

Which of these is a benefit of water's unique freezing properties?

A) Water freezes on the surface of lakes, allowing marine life underneath to  survive during winter.
B) Water freezes at the bottom of the ocean, cooling volcanic eruptions.
C) Water freezes in the cracks within rocks, preventing erosion of mountains.
D) Water freezes in the cells of living bodies, protecting them from external virus es.
E) Water freezes in living bodies, minimizing their dependence on external sources of water.

Question 60

Which of the following is the equivalent of 1.00 ppm?

A) 1.00%
B) 0.100%
C) 0.0100%
D) 0.000100%
E) 0.0000010%

Question 61

Which of these water treatment systems removes organic contaminants?

A) Carbon filtering
B) Water softening
C) Reverse osmosis
D) Coagulation
E) Chlorination

Question 62

"Blue baby" is caused by the presence of _____ in drinking water.

A) benzene
B) nitrogen
C) organic contaminants
D) biological contaminants
E) nitrates

Question 63

In home water treatment by the process of _____, hard water is passed through an ion-exchange material called a zeolite.

A) coagulation
B) aeration
C) chlorination
D) carbon filtering
E) water softening

Question 64

Which of these is a result of dumping human waste near or directly into ground or surface waters?

A) Hard water
B) Soft water
C) Biological contaminants
D) Radioactive contaminants
E) Inorganic contaminants

Question 65

Which of these is/are not a source of chemical contamination of ground water?

A) Human waste
B) Pesticides
C) Industrial wastes
D) Atmospheric emissions
E) Household solvents

Question 66

Water softeners are used to avoid the undesirable effects of hard water. These water softeners are charged with _____ ions.

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) potassium
D) chlorine
E) magnesium

Question 67

Which of these elements is/are the primary component(s) in hard water?
I. Magnesium
II. Iron
III. Calcium
IV. Sodium

A) I only
B) III only
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) II and IV

Question 68

Which of these is/are an inorganic contaminant?

A) Benzene
B) Carbon tetrachloride
C) TCE
D) Nitrates
E) Gasoline

Question 69

What percentage of the world's sickness is caused by water-borne diseases?

A) 0.041%
B) 4.7%
C) 26%
D) 80%
E) 98%

Question 70

In the process of water treatment, _____ is the step in which water is sprayed into a fine mist allowing volatile compounds to evaporate.

A) coagulation
B) aeration
C) chlorination
D) carbon filtering
E) water softening

Question 71

Which of these types of water contamination poses immediate health risks upon consumption?

A) Organic
B) Radioactive
C) Biological
D) Lead
E) Volatile organic

Question 72

_____ is a naturally occurring process in which water flows from an area of low solute concentration to one of high solute concentration.

A) Osmosis
B) Aeration
C) Filtering
D) Softening
E) Coagulation

Question 73

Which of these is not a disadvantage of hard water?

A) It leaves a layer of slimy, gray scum on the sides of bathtubs.
B) It causes skin disorders in humans.
C) It causes the formation of scaly deposits on pipes.
D) It decreases the effectiveness of soaps.
E) It leaves stains on utensils and dishes.

Question 74

_____ is an example of a volatile organic contaminant.

A) Ethylbenzene
B) Chlorobenzene
C) Trichloroethylene
D) Asbestos
E) Benzene

Question 75

Which of these is/are an organic contaminant?

A) Lead
B) Mercury
C) Asbestos
D) Nitrates
E) Gasoline