Deck 9: Energy for Today

Question 1

Which of these statements concerning the first law of thermodynamics is incorrect ?

A) Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
B) A perpetual motion machine cannot exist.
C) The total energy of the universe is constant.
D) Chemical energy can be converted to thermal energy.
E) Energy cannot be converted from one form to another .

Answer 1

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another .

Question 2

Which of these involve(s) a net increase in entropy?
I. The condensation of steam
II. The freezing of methanol
III. The evaporation of ethanol
IV. The combustion of fossil fuels

A) III only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and IV
E) III, and IV

Answer 2

III, and IV

Question 3

How many calories are there in 3.76 joules?

A) 0.899 calories
B) 1.11 calories
C) 15.7 calories
D) 90 calories
E) 1.6 × 10⁵ calories

Answer 3

0.899 calories

Question 4

In thermodynamics, the substance we are studying is called the _____ and everything else is referred to as the _____.

A) inlet; the outlet
B) system; enthalpy
C) state; surroundings
D) system; the environment
E) system; surroundings

Question 5

Which of the following is not a unit to measure energy?

A) Kelvin
B) Power
C) Quad
D) Calorie
E) Joule

Question 6

Which of the following processes involve(s) a net decrease of entropy?
I. The condensation of steam
II. The freezing of methanol
III. The evaporation of ethanol
IV. The boiling of water

A) III only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I, II, and IV
E) I, II, III, and IV

Question 7

A force that acts through a distance is known as _____.

A) heat
B) work
C) energy
D) enthalpy
E) entropy

Question 8

Which of the following nations leads the world in per capita energy consumption?

A) Russia
B) United States
C) Canada
D) Germany
E) Nigeria

Question 9

The capacity to do work is known as _____.

A) heat
B) thermodynamics
C) energy
D) enthalpy
E) entropy

Question 10

Which of these does not involve a decrease in the random motion of a system?

A) The burning of logs
B) The freezing of methanol
C) The cooling of hot milk
D) The condensation of water vapor
E) The refrigeration of water

Question 11

The _____ states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred between the system and its surroundings-.

A) first law of thermodynamics
B) second law of thermodynamics
C) third law of thermodynamics
D) law of heat conservation
E) law of entropy conservation

Question 12

Which of these statements is incorrect of heat ?

A) Heat is essentially energy.
B) Entropy is another name for heat.
C) Heat involves random molecular and atomic motion.
D) Heat is measured in units of joules.
E) Heat involves the movement of energy from a warmer body to a cooler one.

Question 13

Which of the following is the unit for the amount of energy consumed by a nation?

A) Watt
B) Calorie
C) Quad
D) calorie
E) Joule

Question 14

Which of the following does not involve an increase in the random motion of a system?

A) The burning of logs
B) The freezing of water
C) The exploding of bombs
D) Hot skillet
E) Helium escaping from a balloon

Question 15

Which of these units of energy is typically used for nutritional measurements?

A) Quad
B) Calorie
C) Watt
D) Kilojoules
E) Joule

Question 16

The use of energy to move atoms in a nonrandom or orderly fashion is known as _____.

A) heat
B) thermodynamics
C) enthalpy
D) work
E) entropy

Question 17

Which of the following statements about work is incorrect ?

A) Work is moving atoms in an orderly fashion.
B) Work is a force exerted  over some distance.
C) Any object possessing energy can perform work.
D) Work is dependent on the amount of energy available.
E) All of these statements are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following does not involve an increase in entropy?

A) The burning of logs
B) The freezing water
C) Erosion
D) The melting of aluminum
E) The escaping of helium from a balloon

Question 19

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ^o C is known as _____.

A) quad
B) calorie
C) watt
D) kilojoules
E) joule

Question 20

Which of the following processes results in a net decrease in entropy?

A) The evaporation of bromine
B) The freezing of ethyl alcohol
C) The combustion of natural gas
D) The explosion of ammonium nitrate
E) The dissolution of sodium chloride in pure water

Question 21

The combustion of 5.00 g of C ₂ H ₆ (g) emits 259 kJ of heat at constant pressure. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion, Δ Hcom, for the reaction in kJ/g. ​
2 C₂H₆(g) + 7 O₂(g) → 4 CO₂(g) + 6 H₂O (l)

A) − 51.8 kJ/g
B) − 1295 kJ/g
C) − 1550 kJ/g
D) − 1667 kJ/g
E) − 3110 kJ/g

Question 22

If the normal body temperature is 98.6 ° F, what is the corresponding temperature in ° C?

A) 23.0 ° C
B) 37.0 ° C
C) 119 ° C
D) 177 ° C
E) 372 ° C

Question 23

How many joules of heat can be produced from a 170-Calorie package of crackers?

A) 7.11  × 10⁵ J
B) 4.07 × 10⁴ J
C) 41.0 J
D) 24.6 J
E) 0.0246 J

Question 24

Calculate the energy generated in kilowatt-hours if the burning of 2.5 g of methane produces 125 kJ of heat.

A) 3.5 × 10² kWh
B) 3.5 × 10 ^{− 1} kWh
C) 3.5 × 10 ^{− 2} kWh
D) 3.5 × 10 ^{− 3} kWh
E) 3.5 × 10 ^{− 4} kWh

Question 25

The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by 1 ° C is known as _____.

A) heat
B) energy
C) entropy
D) heat capacity
E) work

Question 26

The freezing point and the boiling point of methane are − 295 ° F and − 263 ° F, respectively. The temperature at the surface of Titan, a moon of Saturn, is 93 K. If methane exists on the surface of Titan, it will be a _____.

A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) plasma
E) None of these

Question 27

If ethanol boils at a temperature of 78.5 ° C, then calculate its boiling point in ° F.

A) 46 ° F
B) 109.2 ° F
C) 173.3 ° F
D) 194 ° F
E) 372 ° F

Question 28

Gold melts at 1063 ° C. Calculate its melting point in Kelvin.

A) 300 K
B) 572 K
C) 790 K
D) 1336 K
E) 1945 K

Question 29

Which of the following temperature conversions is correct?

A) 0 K = 273^oC
B) 0 K = − 273^oC
C) 0 K = 273^oF
D) 0 K = − 273^oF
E) 0 K = 0°C

Question 30

How many joules of energy does a candy bar with 250 Calories contain?

A) 1.05 J
B) 59.8 J
C) 1046 J
D) 5.98 × 10⁴ J
E) 1.05 × 10⁶ J

Question 31

Calculate the energy released in Calories if the burning of a nut produces 15,600 J of heat.

A) 3.73 Cal
B) 15.6 Cal
C) 65.2 Cal
D) 269 Cal
E) 3.7 × 10³ Cal

Question 32

Which of these statements about exothermic reactions is incorrect ?

A) Exothermic reactions have a negative change in enthalpy.
B) Most combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.
C) Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings.
D) A chemical cold pack is an  example of an exothermic reaction.
E) All fuels exhibit exothermic properties.

Question 33

How many joules of heat are produced from burning methane that releases 125 kJ heat?

A) 0.125 J
B) 1.25 J
C) 12.5 J
D) 125 J
E) 125,000 J

Question 34

Calculate the energy generated in kilowatt-hours if the burning of 0.562 g of graphite produces 18.0 kJ of heat.

A) 5 × 10 ^{− 6} kWh
B) 5 × 10 ^{− 5} kWh
C) 5 × 10 ^{− 4} kWh
D) 5 × 10 ^{− 3} kWh
E) 5 × 10³ kWh

Question 35

Which of these is/are the  correct unit(s) for measuring power?
I. Joule
II. Joule/second
III. Kilowatt-hour
IV. Watt

A) I only
B) II and IV
C) II, III, and IV
D) I and III
E) III and IV

Question 36

If the normal body temperature is 98.6 ° F, what is the corresponding temperature in Kelvin?

A) 23 K
B) 37 K
C) 119 K
D) 177 K
E) 310. K

Question 37

The Voyager space probe determined that Titan, a moon of Saturn, has a temperature of 93.0 K. Calculate its temperature in ° F.

A) − 292 ° F
B) − 180 ° F
C) − 109 ° F
D) − 87 ° F
E) − 68.93 ° F

Question 38

The rate of energy output or input is known as _____.

A) heat
B) work
C) power
D) enthalpy
E) entropy

Question 39

Which of the following is/are the correct unit(s) for measuring energy?
I. Joule
II. Quad
III. Kilowatt-hour
IV. Ampere

A) I only
B) II and IV
C) II, III, and IV
D) I, II, and III
E) I, III, and IV

Question 40

How many joules of heat must be added to melt a 75-g block iron if it required 12.2 Calories?

A) 0.0509 J
B) 2.92 J
C) 342 J
D) 2.92 × 10³ J
E) 5.10  × 10⁴ J

Question 41

What is the coefficient of water when the following equation is balanced?
​
_____ C ₅ H ₁₂ + _____ O ₂ → _____ CO ₂ + _____ H ₂ O

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 12
E) 16

Question 42

What percentage of energy use in the United States comes from fossil fuels?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 82%
E) 95%

Question 43

Which of the following compounds can combine with the moisture in the air, resulting in the formation of acid rain?

A) CO
B) PAN
C) NO₂
D) O₃
E) CO₂

Question 44

How many kilojoules of heat are released when 54.9 g of manganese is burned to form Mn ₃ O ₄ (s)? Given that Δ H for the reaction is − 25.3 kJ/g.

A) 2.17 kJ
B) 54.9 kJ
C) 462 kJ
D) 924 kJ
E) 1389 kJ

Question 45

Which of the following compounds is primarily responsible for the brown color of smog?

A) CO
B) CO₂
C) NO₂
D) O₃
E) NO

Question 46

Which of the following fossil fuels contains the maximum amount of sulfur?

A) Natural gas
B) Oil
C) Coal
D) They all contain about the same amount of sulfur.
E) None of them contain sulfur.

Question 47

Which of the following is one of the two largest sources of electrical power in the United States?

A) Coal
B) Nuclear power
C) Natural gas
D) Petroleum
E) Hydropower

Question 48

Which of the following is/are an example/examples of an exothermic process?
I. Nuclear fission
II. The evaporation of alcohol
III. The burning of gasoline

A) I only
B) II and III
C) I and III
D) I and II
E) I, II, and III

Question 49

Which of the following statements about fossil fuels is incorrect ?

A) Fossil fuels are highly energetic.
B) Fossil fuels are primarily hydrocarbons.
C) The energy of fossil fuels is released by combustion reactions.
D) The energy within fossil fuels ultimately came from photosynthesis.
E) The energy within fossil fuels was formed as a result of exothermic reactions in prehistoric plants.

Question 50

Which of the following does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A) Forest fires
B) Breathing
C) Photosynthesis
D) Driving cars
E) Production of iron and steel

Question 51

Which of the following compounds is not produced during the combustion of fossil fuels?

A) CO
B) CO₂
C) NO
D) O₂
E) H₂O

Question 52

Which of the following are examples of endothermic processes?
I. A cold pack
II. The evaporation of alcohol
III. The burning of gasoline
 IV.   The combustion of methanol

A) I and IV
B) II and III
C) I and III
D) I and II
E) I, II, and III

Question 53

Which of the following compounds is capable of binding to hemoglobin in place of oxygen, affecting the heart and respiratory system

A) CO
B) CO₂
C) NO
D) NO₂
E) H₂O

Question 54

If the chemical reaction A + B → C is exothermic, then which of the following is true?

A) The reaction  C → A + B is exothermic.
B) The reaction  C → A + B is endothermic.
C) The product  C must be a gas.
D) The product  C cannot be a gas.
E) The reactant A must be a solid.

Question 55

Which of the following is incorrect about photosynthesis process?

A) Carbon dioxide is a reactant in this process.
B) Oxygen is a product of this process.
C) The process is exothermic.
D) Water is a reactant in this process.
E) The process is endothermic.

Question 56

What is the coefficient of O ₂ when the following equation is balanced?
​
_____ C₈H₁₈ + _____ O₂ → _____ CO₂ + _____ H₂O

A) 30
B) 32
C) 34
D) 25
E) 9

Question 57

Which of the following is not reduced by the use of catalytic converters in the combustion of gasoline?

A) CO₂
B) Photochemical smog
C) CO
D) NO
E) Partially burned hydrocarbons

Question 58

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is known as a(n) _____.

A) endothermic and combustion reaction
B) exothermic reaction
C) endothermic reaction
D) exothermic and combustion reaction
E) combustion reaction

Question 59

What is the coefficient oxygen (O₂) when the following equation is balanced?
​
_____ CH₃OH + _____ O₂ → _____ CO₂ + _____ H₂O

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 60

Which of the following is true of photosynthesis?

A) It requires energy and is therefore exothermic.
B) It requires energy and is therefore endothermic.
C) It releases energy and is therefore exothermic.
D) It releases energy and is therefore endothermic.
E) It does not involve a change in energy.

Question 61

Which of the following samples is capable of absorbing the highest amount of heat in 5 minutes?

A) 1 kg aluminum
B) 1 kg water
C) 1 kg iron
D) 1 kg nickel
E) 1 kg gold

Question 62

_____ of the energy released during the combustion of gasoline contributes to the movement of a car.

A) 5% to 10%
B) 15% to 25%
C) 45% to 50%
D) 35% to 40%
E) 75% to 80%

Question 63

Which of the following statements related to acid rain is incorrect ?

A) Acid rain accelerates the rusting of iron.
B) Acid rain contributes to reduced visibility in some areas.
C) The formation of highly reactive H ⁻ ions makes the rain acidic.
D) Acid rain is formed when SO₂ or NO_x compounds react with water.
E) Acid rain lowers the ability of some trees to grow and fight disease.

Question 64

The energy associated with the position or composition of an object is known as _____.

A) electric energy
B) mechanical energy
C) potential energy
D) magnetic energy
E) thermal energy

Question 65

Which of the following is not an environmental problem produced by the burning of fossil fuels?

A) The formation of smog
B) The formation of acid rain
C) Elevated levels of NO
D) Elevated levels of CO
E) Increase in flooding of rivers

Question 66

What is the name given to the plan to reduce international greenhouse gas emissions?

A) Climate Action Plan
B) Climate Law
C) Kyoto Protocol
D) Gothenburg Protocol
E) None of these

Question 67

Which of the following is important for the formation of acid rain?

A) SO₂
B) H₂O
C) NO₂
D) NO
E) All of these

Question 68

Which of the following problems is not associated with acid rain?

A) Accelerated rusting
B) Building damage
C) Landmark destruction
D) Decreased visibility
E) Greenhouse effect

Question 69

Which of the following is a cause of global warming?

A) Acid rain
B) Catalytic conversion
C) Fission
D) Greenhouse effect
E) Heat capacity

Question 70

_____ demonstrated that energy is converted from one form to another as long as the total amount of energy is conserved.

A) Thomas Edison
B) James Watt
C) Enrico Fermi
D) Ernest Rutherford
E) James Joule

Question 71

Which of the following is the significant greenhouse gas with an approximate atmospheric composition of 0.04%?

A) SO₂
B) CO₂
C) NO₂
D) NO
E) O₃

Question 72

How much energy in joules will a 50-Watt light bulb consume in 7 hours?

A) 3.5 × 10³ joules
B) 350 joules
C) 1.26 × 10⁹ joules
D) 1.26 × 10⁶ joules
E) 126 joules