Deck 16: Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Question 1

Identify the most accurate statement about triglycerides.

A) Triglycerides are made from a combination of fatty acids and glycerol.
B) Unsaturated triglycerides will be liquids at room temperature.
C) Triglycerides can act as moisturizers to prevent dryness.
D) Fats and oils serve as insulation for the body.
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 1

All of these are correct.

Question 2

Which of these saturated fatty acids can only be extracted   from peanuts?

A) Myristic acid
B) Palmitic acid
C) Arachidic acid
D) Stearic acid
E) Linoleic acid

Answer 2

Arachidic acid

Question 3

Which of these molecules is/are   the primary means for long-term energy storage?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Plasma

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Which of these is a carbohydrate?

A) Cellulose
B) Glucose
C) Fructose
D) Lactose
E) All of these

Question 5

Which of these substances is classified as a saturated triglyceride?

A) Glucose
B) Fat
C) Water
D) Cellulose
E) Starch

Question 6

Which of these triglycerides will be a liquid at room temperature?
I. 
II.  
III.
IV.
​

A) I only
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) None of these

Question 7

Which of these molecules is/are the primary structural component in biomembranes?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Plasma

Question 8

Which of these represents the general formula for a fatty acid?

A) RCO
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which vitamin is not a lipid?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 10

Which of these control a majority of our body's chemistry?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Vitamins

Question 11

Which of these statements about lipids is incorrect ?

A) Lipids act as long-term energy reservoirs.
B) Vitamins A, D, and K are lipids.
C) Lipids provide structural integrity in biomembranes.
D) Lipids contain 100 times the energy per gram of other biomolecules .
E) Lipids are insoluble in water but are extractable with nonpolar solvents.

Question 12

Which of these is the general formula of a carbohydrate?

A) ROH
B) CH₂O
C) COOH
D) C₂H₂
E) CHO

Question 13

Which of these molecules is not a lipid?

A) Fatty acid
B) Oil
C) Vitamin A
D) Starch
E) Triglyceride

Question 14

Which of these fatty acids is commonly found in seafood?

A) Linoleic  acid
B) Stearic  acid
C) Palmitic  acid
D) Eicosapentaenoic  acid
E)  Oleic  acid

Question 15

Compared with a saturated fat with the same number of carbon atoms, a monounsaturated fat will contain:

A) one more hydrogen atom.
B) two more hydrogen atoms.
C) one fewer hydrogen atom.
D) two fewer hydrogen atoms.
E) three more hydrogen atoms.

Question 16

Compared with a saturated fat with the same number of carbon atoms, a polyunsaturated fat will contain:

A) at least four more hydrogen atoms.
B) four more hydrogen atoms.
C) two fewer hydrogen atoms.
D) four fewer hydrogen atoms.
E) at least four fewer hydrogen atoms.

Question 17

Which of these molecules are the primary means for short-term energy storage?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Plasma

Question 18

Which of these is/are not considered one of the four major types of molecules in a living organism?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins
E) Plasma

Question 19

Triglycerides are formed from a combination of:

A) glycerol and steroid molecules.
B) glucose and steroid molecules.
C) fatty acid and glucose molecules.
D) steroid and fatty acid molecules.
E) glycerol and fatty acid molecules.

Question 20

Which of these act as the blueprints for proteins?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
E) Fats

Question 21

Which of these is a basic amino acid?

A) Valine
B) Aspartic acid
C) Histidine
D) Tryptophan
E) Serine

Question 22

Which of these molecules link together to form proteins?

A) Vitamins
B) Amino acids
C) Monosaccharides
D) Fatty acids
E) Triglycerides

Question 23

Which of these statements about carbohydrates is correct ?

A) Carbohydrates contain both a carboxyl and an amine group.
B) Carbohydrates contain a phosphate backbone with sugar groups.
C) Carbohydrates release more energy per gram than any other biomolecule.
D) Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or their derivatives.
E) Carbohydrates are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with glycerol in an acidic environment.

Question 24

Which of these is an acidic amino acid?

A) Isoleucine
B) Aspartic acid
C) Histidine
D) Threonine
E) Alanine

Question 25

Which of these determines the primary structure of a protein?

A) Sequence of amino acids
B) Number of hydrogen bonds
C) Ratio of the number of acidic amino acids to the number of basic amino acids
D) Polarity of the R groups attached to the amino acids
E) Number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein

Question 26

Which of these determines the secondary structure of a protein?

A) Sequence of amino acids
B) Ratio of the number of acidic amino acids to the number of basic amino acids
C) Number of carbon bonds in the chain of amino acids
D) Alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein
E) Distance between amino acids

Question 27

Classify this structure. ​

A) Dipeptide
B) Fatty acid
C) Polypeptide
D) Protein
E) Triglyceride

Question 28

Which of these is/are polysaccharide(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Cellulose
III. Fructose
IV. Starch

A) I only
B) II only
C) II and III
D) I and II
E) II and IV

Question 29

Classify this structure. ​

A) Polysaccharide
B) Amino acid
C) Fatty acid
D) Protein
E) Triglyceride

Question 30

Amino acids are linked together by _____ to form proteins.

A) disulfide linkages
B) hydrogen bonds
C) alpha linkages
D) hydrophobic interactions
E) peptide bonds

Question 31

Which of these is /are  not a monosaccharide(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Fructose
III. Sucrose

A) I only
B) III only
C) II and III
D) I and II
E) I and III

Question 32

A long chain of more than 50 amino acids is known as _____.

A) a polysaccharide
B) a polyamide
C) a polypeptide
D) a protein
E) a  polyamine

Question 33

Which of these structures is an amino acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 34

Which of these is not a property of glucose?

A) It is easily oxidized.
B) It is soluble in water.
C) It releases more energy per gram than lipids.
D) It undergoes spontaneous intermolecular cyclization.
E) It stores energy in a form that is readily transported.

Question 35

Which of these property/ properties is /are true for cellulose but not for starch?
I. It consists of a long chain of glucose molecules.
II. Its monosaccharide units are connected by beta linkages.
III. The neighboring monosaccharides form hydrogen bonds.
IV. Its polysaccharides are   easily broken down by enzymes in the body.

A) II only
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) III and IV
E) II, III, and IV

Question 36

Which of these is not an amino acid?

A) Valine
B) Aspartic acid
C) Histidine
D) Oleic acid
E) Serine

Question 37

Classify this structure. ​

A) Dipeptide
B) Fatty acid
C) Polypeptide
D) Protein
E) Triglyceride

Question 38

Which of these property/ properties is /are true for starch but not for cellulose?
I. It consists of a long chain of glucose molecules.
II. Its monosaccharide units are connected by beta linkages.
III. The neighboring monosaccharides form hydrogen bonds.
IV. Its polysaccharides are easily broken down by enzymes in the body.

A) IV only
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) III and IV
E) II, III, and IV

Question 39

All amino acids contain which functional group?

A) Carboxylic acid
B) Alcohol
C) Alkene
D) Amide
E) Alkyne

Question 40

How many different amino acids are there in humans?

A) 18
B) 19
C) 20
D) 21
E) 22

Question 41

Nucleic acids are long, chainlike molecules composed of regular repeating _____.

A) nucleotides
B) amino acids
C) monosaccharides
D) proteins
E) fatty acids

Question 42

Which of these quaternary interactions occur between nonpolar R groups?

A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Disulfide linkages
C) Salt bridges
D) Hydrophobic interactions
E) None of these

Question 43

Which of these is an example of a protein that acts as a hormone?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Insulin
C) Keratin
D) Lysozyme
E) Valine

Question 44

Which of these proteins is an antibacterial agent found in mucus and tears?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Keratin
C) Insulin
D) Lysozyme
E) Valine

Question 45

Which of these interactions are not characteristics of quaternary and tertiary protein structures?

A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Disulfide linkages
C) Salt bridges
D) Peptide bonds
E) Hydrophobic interactions

Question 46

Which of these determines the tertiary structure of a protein?

A) Sequence of amino acids
B) Ratio of the number of acidic amino acids to the number of basic amino acids
C) Number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein
D) Number of carbon bonds in the chain of amino acids
E) Interactions between amino acids separated by significant distances on the protein chain

Question 47

Which of these represents the three primary components of a nucleotide?

A) Phosphate, sugar, base
B) Phosphate, acid, base
C) Amine, acid, phosphate
D) Amine, aldehyde, base
E) None of these

Question 48

Which of these techniques is used to separate DNA fragments in recombinant DNA experiments?

A) Hydrophilic precipitation
B) Ionic chromatography
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) Selective filtration
E) Enzyme cleavage

Question 49

Which of these proteins acts as an enzyme?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Insulin
C) Keratin
D) Lysozyme
E) Actin

Question 50

Which of these is not an application of genetic engineering?

A) Insulin production
B) Spoilage-resistant plants
C) Beef-producing cow
D) Cloning
E) Organic farming

Question 51

Proteins are synthesized in a structure called a(n) _____.

A) mRNA
B) Codon
C) tRNA
D) DNA
E) Ribosome

Question 52

The alpha helix structure is a _____ structure of proteins.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) parent

Question 53

Which of these quaternary interactions result from acid-base reactions occurring between acidic and basic R groups?

A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Disulfide linkages
C) Salt bridges
D) Hydrophobic interactions
E) None of these

Question 54

The process in which DNA unwinds and creates two identical daughter DNA strands is known as _____.

A) coding
B) translation
C) replication
D) transcription
E) cloning

Question 55

Which of these forces hold the secondary structure of a protein together?

A) Ionic bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Disulfide linkages
D) Peptide bonds
E) Phosphate-sugar residues

Question 56

Choose the correct complementary DNA strand for GCTATAC.

A) ATCGCGC
B) CGATATG
C) TUBCGCU
D) UTCGCGT
E) GCTATAC

Question 57

Which of these proteins acts as an oxygen carrier?

A) Hemoglobin
B) Lysozyme
C) Keratin
D) Insulin
E) None of these

Question 58

Which of these determines the quaternary structure of a protein?

A) Sequence of amino acids
B) Ratio of the number of acidic amino acids to the number of basic amino acids
C) Number of alpha helices and pleated sheets along the axis of the protein
D) Arrangement of subunits of amino acids that are held together by attractions between the chains
E) Arrangement of pleated sheets in the protein

Question 59

Which of these forces hold the two complementary strands of DNA together?

A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Disulfide linkages
C) Salt bridges
D) Hydrophobic interactions
E) Peptide bonds

Question 60

Which of these substances is used in recombinant DNA technology to cut DNA at specific locations in the nucleotide sequence?

A) mRNA
B) Codon
C) Ribosome
D) Restriction enzyme
E) Lysozyme

Question 61

Which of these represent(s) patterns found in the secondary structures of proteins?
I. Alpha helix
II. Globular
III. Pleated sheet
IV. Fibrous

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and IV
D) I and III
E) I, III and IV

Question 62

Arrange these steps associated with protein synthesis in the correct order. ​
I. Protein detaches from the ribosome.
II. DNA unwinds to expose the sequence.
III. mRNA transfers the code to the ribosome.
IV. tRNA fits the correct amino acid sequence together

A) I, II, III, IV
B) II, III, IV, I
C) II, IV, III, I
D) II, I, III, IV
E) III, IV, II, I

Question 63

Choose the correct complementary DNA strand for TGTACG?

A) CACGTC
B) CACGTA
C) ACATGC
D) UTCGCG
E) GCTATA

Question 64

Chains of amino acids with 50 units or fewer are called _____.

A) polysaccharides
B) polypeptides
C) proteins
D) polyamides
E) polyamines

Question 65

Which of these scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

A) Watson and Crick
B) Fermi and Einstein
C) Bohr and Pauli
D) Mendeleev and Dalton
E) Schrodinger and Heisenberg

Question 66

Which of these proteins composes hair and wool?

A) Hemoglobin
B) α-keratin
C) Lysozyme
D) Insulin
E) None of these

Question 67

_____ are substances that regulate metabolic processes within the body.

A) Hormones
B) Enzymes
C) Fats
D) Lipids
E) Amines

Question 68

Which of these proteins is responsible for muscle contraction?

A) Lysosome
B) Insulin
C) Actin
D) Hemoglobin
E) Keratin

Question 69

Which of these is not a base found in DNA?

A) Adenine
B) Guanine
C) Cytosine
D) Tyrosine
E) Thymine

Question 70

The portion of the DNA that specifies the sequence of a particular protein is known as a(n) _____.

A) chromosome
B) codon
C) nucleotide
D) mRNA
E) gene

Question 71

_____, a structural material of plants and trees, is a common polysaccharide.

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Cellulose
E) Galactose