Deck 18: The Chemistry of Food

Question 1

Which of these dairy products would be easily digested by a lactose intolerant person?

A) Milk
B) Ice cream
C) Cream
D) Cheese
E) None of these

Answer 1

Cheese

Question 2

Which of these is not a characteristic of starch?

A) Beta-1,4 linkages
B) Repeating  glucose units
C) Found in potatoes
D) Easily digestible
E) All of these are characteristics

Answer 2

Beta-1,4 linkages

Question 3

Which carbohydrate is represented by this structure?
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A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Fructose
D) Lactose
E) Galactose

Answer 3

Fructose

Question 4

Which of these substances is deficient in lactose intolerant persons?

A) Insulin
B) Bile
C) Lactase
D) Restriction enzymes
E) Glucose

Question 5

Which of these is not a characteristic of fiber?

A) It contains beta links between glucose units.
B) It contains repeating glucose units.
C) It is a complex carbohydrate.
D) It is easily digestible.
E) It is a polysaccharide.

Question 6

Which of these are 'simple carbohydrates'?
I.Glucose
II.Sucrose
III.Lactose
IV. Starch

A) I only
B) I and III
C) II and IV
D) I, II, and III
E) all of these

Question 7

Which of these is "table sugar"?

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Lactose
E) Starch

Question 8

Starch is a polysaccharide composed of ________ units linked together.

A) fructose
B) glucose
C) lactose
D) sucrose
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of these pairs of monosaccharides make up the structure of lactose?

A) Glucose + fructose
B) Glucose + glucose
C) Fructose + galactose
D) Sucrose + glucose
E) Glucose + galactose

Question 10

Which of these is the primary fuel source for our body?

A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Lactose
D) Starches
E) Fats

Question 11

Which of these pairs of monosaccharides make up the structure of sucrose?

A) Glucose + fructose
B) Glucose + glucose
C) Fructose + galactose
D) Lactose + glucose
E) Glucose + galactose

Question 12

How much energy is released by the oxidation of glucose?

A) 1 Cal/gram
B) 4 Cal/gram
C) 8 Cal/gram
D) 10 Cal/gram
E) 100 Cal/gram

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of starch in plants?

A) Structural support
B) Energy storage
C) Protective shell
D) Protein synthesis
E) Oxidation of monosaccharides

Question 14

Simple carbohydrates are soluble in the blood stream due to the presence of which of these groups?

A) H
B) CH₂
C) OH
D) COOH
E) CO₂

Question 15

Which of these carbohydrates is credited with preventing digestive tract disorders and lowering your chance of colon cancer?

A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Fiber
D) Starch
E) Galactose

Question 16

Which of these carbohydrates is primarily found in fruits, plants, and honey?

A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Lactose
D) Galactose
E) Fructose

Question 17

Which of these carbohydrates is the sweetest?

A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Lactose
D) Starches
E) Fructose

Question 18

What is the primary source of sucrose?

A) Milk
B) Sugar cane
C) Honey
D) Fruits
E) Meats

Question 19

Which of these foods is not high in carbohydrates?

A) Corn
B) Pasta
C) Potatoes
D) Rice
E) All of these are high in carbohydrates.

Question 20

Which of these substances not only adds bulk to food but provides a small amount of calories?

A) Meat
B) Glucose
C) Starch
D) Fiber
E) Galactose

Question 21

Which of these substances carry triglycerides through the blood stream?

A) Lipases
B) Essential acids
C) Enzymes
D) Lipoproteins
E) None of these

Question 22

What percentage of your diet does the FDA recommend for daily caloric intake of fats?

A) Between 0 and 10%
B) Between 20 and 35%
C) Between 40 and 45%
D) Between 45 and 50%
E) Between 55 and 60%

Question 23

Proteins made from all the essential amino acids in the right proportion are known as ____ proteins.

A) complete
B) whole
C) essential
D) fiber
E) required

Question 24

Which of these is not characteristic of cholesterol?

A) Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver.
B) Cholesterol is similar in structure to steroids.
C) Cholesterol is a component in cell membranes.
D) Cholesterol is easily dissolved in the blood stream.
E) Cholesterol is found in beef, eggs and dairy products.

Question 25

A serving of peanut butter contains 204 calories. The serving contains 9 grams of protein, 16 grams of fat and 6 grams of carbohydrate. What percentage of calories comes from fat?

A) 7.8%
B) 15.6%
C) 29%
D) 52%
E) 71%

Question 26

Which of these statements concerning triglycerides is incorrect ?

A) Fats are digested relatively slowly.
B) Triglycerides are easily transported in the blood stream.
C) Fats and oils differ by the degree of saturation of fatty acid chains.
D) Fats are obtained from such foods as eggs, meat, butter, and cheese.
E) Digested triglycerides are often reassembled before absorption into the blood stream.

Question 27

Which of these lipoproteins carries cholesterol through the blood stream?

A) LDL
B) HDL
C) VLDL
D) Lipase
E) Triglycerides

Question 28

What percentage of your diet does the FDA recommend for daily caloric intake of proteins?

A) 45%
B) 60%
C) 30%
D) 40%
E) 50%

Question 29

Which of these amino acids must be acquired from your diet?

A) Tryptophan
B) Serine
C) Cytosine
D) Glycine
E) Proline

Question 30

How much energy is released by the digestion of proteins?

A) 1 Cal/gram
B) 4 Cal/gram
C) 8 Cal/gram
D) 9 Cal/gram
E) 0 Cal/gram

Question 31

How much energy is released by the digestion of fats?

A) 1 Cal/gram
B) 4 Cal/gram
C) 8 Cal/gram
D) 9 Cal/gram
E) 0 Cal/gram

Question 32

Which of these food items is a good source of unsaturated triglycerides?

A) Milk
B) Corn
C) Beef
D) Eggs
E) Ice cream

Question 33

Lipoproteins are normally classified according to their ____.

A) ring structure
B) amino acid sequence
C) density
D) tertiary structure
E) functional groups

Question 34

Cholesterol has a chemical structure characteristic of __________.

A) triglycerides
B) steroids
C) proteins
D) polysaccharides
E) none of the above

Question 35

How much energy is released by the digestion of fiber?

A) 1 Cal/gram
B) 4 Cal/gram
C) 8 Cal/gram
D) 9 Cal/gram
E) 0 Cal/gram

Question 36

Risk of stroke and heart attack increases with increasing levels of ____.

A) sucrose
B) lipase
C) HDL
D) galactose
E) LDL

Question 37

Which of these biomolecules is digested the slowest?

A) Sucrose
B) Starch
C) Fats
D) Proteins
E) Both A and B

Question 38

How much energy is released by the digestion of carbohydrates?

A) 1 Cal/gram
B) 4 Cal/gram
C) 8 Cal/gram
D) 9 Cal/gram
E) 0 Cal/gram

Question 39

A serving of low fat cream cheese contains 6 grams of fat and 3 grams of protein. What percentage of calories come from fat?

A) 12%
B) 24%
C) 50%
D) 73%
E) 82%

Question 40

Which of these statements about proteins is incorrect ?

A) Proteins function as enzymes in the body.
B) Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
C) Protein can be broken down for energy purposes.
D) Proteins function as structural components in the body.
E) When proteins are consumed they are directly integrated into your body.

Question 41

Which of these vitamins promotes the absorption of calcium?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B-12
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 42

Which of these vitamins plays an important role in vision especially night vision?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B-12
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 43

Which of these is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A) Carbon
B) Calcium
C) Phosphorus
D) Sodium
E) Sulfur

Question 44

Which of these minerals is an essential part of DNA?

A) Phosphorus
B) Magnesium
C) Calcium
D) Selenium
E) Sodium

Question 45

Which of these is not a function which vitamin C fulfills in the body?

A) Synthesis of collagen
B) Antioxidant
C) Facilitates iron absorption
D) Cures the common cold
E) Protects against infection

Question 46

Which of these food types has the greatest caloric content?

A) Sugars
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Fiber
E) Both A and C

Question 47

How many calories of energy over normal energy expenditure must be exerted to burn 1 pound of fat, assuming normal caloric intake?

A) 1000 Cal
B) 1500 Cal
C) 2500 Cal
D) 3500 Cal
E) 5000 Cal

Question 48

Which of these is a minor mineral?

A) Carbon
B) Magnesium
C) Iron
D) Potassium
E) Sodium

Question 49

Which of these is a major mineral?

A) Carbon
B) Magnesium
C) Zinc
D) Iron
E) Iodine

Question 50

A deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition known as rickets.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 51

Which of these vitamins is water soluble?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 52

Which of these vitamins is important in blood clotting?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 53

Which of these is not a B complex vitamin?

A) Vitamin B₆
B) Folate
C) Tryptophan
D) Thiamin
E) Riboflavin

Question 54

Which of these vitamins acts as an antioxidant in the body?
I. Vitamin A
II.Vitamin D
III.Vitamin E
IV. Vitamin C

A) II only
B) III only
C) II and III
D) III and IV
E) I and II

Question 55

Which of these vitamins may be obtained directly from the diet or by the conversion of beta carotene?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin B-12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin A
E) Vitamin K

Question 56

How much energy is required per pound to maintain basal metabolism?

A) 0.5 Cal/hour
B) 1.0 Cal/hour
C) 4.0 Cal/hour
D) 9.0 Cal/hour
E) 15 Cal/hour

Question 57

According to the second law of thermodynamics, food energy consumed must be used or it is

A) stored as fat.
B) excreted from the body.
C) results in a fever.
D) converted to cholesterol.
E) expended during sleep.

Question 58

Deficiency in which of these vitamins results in an inability for cells to extract energy from food?

A) B complex vitamins
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 59

A deficiency in this vitamin can result in a condition known as scurvy.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 60

Which of these vitamins is the only one which can be synthesized by the body under the skin in the presence of sunlight?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 61

Salt is a food additive which is often used as a(n) ____ especially while drying meats.

A) antimicrobial agent
B) antioxidant
C) artificial color
D) artificial flavor
E) stabilizer

Question 62

Which of these substances is not a primary nutrient needed by plants?

A) Potassium
B) Nitrogen
C) Magnesium
D) Phosphorous
E) Both A and D

Question 63

Major minerals account for what percent of the body's weight?

A) Less than 1%
B) 1%
C) 2%
D) 3%
E) 4%

Question 64

Chemicals used to eliminate pests which attack crops are collectively known as ____.

A) insecticides
B) herbicides
C) minerals
D) vitamins
E) antioxidants

Question 65

A deficiency in which of these minerals results in a condition known as goiter?

A) Phosphorus
B) Magnesium
C) Calcium
D) Iron
E) Iodine

Question 66

Which of these minerals is a primary component in hemoglobin?

A) Iodine
B) Magnesium
C) Sodium
D) Iron
E) Chromium