Deck 10: Marriage and the Family

Question 1

Role expectations for husbands and wives are becoming

A) more consistent with traditional values.
B) more specific and stable.
C) less of a concern to married couples.
D) more varied and flexible.

Answer 1

more varied and flexible.

Question 2

Research suggests that polygamy is

A) prevalent in the Mormon church.
B) related to lower self-esteem and unhappiness for wives.
C) a way to strengthen women's independence.
D) working well for women in high functioning families.

Answer 2

related to lower self-esteem and unhappiness for wives.

Question 3

Youthfulness is a characteristic both genders look for in a mate.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Endogamy refers to the tendency

A) of people to marry within their social group.
B) for women to "marry up" in socioeconomic status.
C) for men to marry a woman who is much younger.
D) to marry others who have similar personal characteristics.

Question 5

Brice and Shanice are an interracial couple. When Shanice looked into statistics to see how unusual they were, she likely found

A) interracial marriages have slowly declined in the past two decades.
B) people are finding the extra burden of interracial relationships too difficult.
C) there is a significant difference between interracial and intraracial couples in quality of the relationship.
D) interracial couples tend to report higher relationship satisfaction.

Question 6

Approximately _____ of marriages will eventually result in a separation or divorce.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding the commonly held stereotypes of single people?

A) The previously negative stereotype is gradually declining.
B) The previously positive stereotype is gradually declining.
C) The stereotype has changed from positive to negative.
D) The stereotype has changed from negative to positive.

Question 8

Which of the following BEST reflects research on marriage in the social sciences?

A) It equally utilizes both heterosexual and same-sex married samples.
B) It tends to overemphasize same-sex divorces but not same-sex marriages.
C) It tends to include heterosexual married samples, but same-sex committed relationships.
D) It is biased toward heterosexual relationships of all varieties.

Question 9

Marriage is socially and legally sanctioned.

Question 10

Over_____ of Americans will marry at least once.

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the challenges to traditional views of marriage?

A) There is increased acceptance of cohabitation.
B) People are less concerned with the stigma of divorce.
C) People are not as interested in monogamous relationships now.
D) There is an increase in the prevalence of single-parent households and childless marriages.

Question 12

It is estimated that up to_____ of the world practices arranged marriage.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 13

Joan and Dean recently got married. If current demographics continue, what is the likelihood (percentage) they will get divorced or separated?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 14

Which statement most accurately reflects the current state of marriage in modern Western society?

A) It is a cherished but dying tradition.
B) It remains popular but appears to be under assault from changes in society.
C) It is being largely replaced by cohabitation and serial monogamy.
D) It is beset by tragic interpersonal violence in all segments of society.

Question 15

Living together in a sexually intimate relationship without actually being married is called

A) endogamy.
B) cohabitation.
C) pseudo-marriage.
D) common law marriage.

Question 16

According to the research, fewer than half of children

A) live at home with both parents.
B) have strong relationships with both parents.
C) prefer one parent over the other.
D) live with grandparents or other relatives.

Question 17

Endogamy is the legally and socially sanctioned union of sexually intimate adults.

Question 18

Indian couples in arranged marriages living in the U.S. reported higher marital satisfaction than U.S. couples who married by choice.

Question 19

An increasing proportion of young adults are remaining single. This trend seems to suggest that

A) marriage is in danger as a cultural institution.
B) societal norms are changing.
C) the next generation will reject marriage at higher rates.
D) an error was made in the data being compared.

Question 20

Same-sex marriage was legalized across the United States in June 2015.

Question 21

Which of the following characteristics of potential mates is NOT valued equally by both sexes?

A) Honesty.
B) Trustworthiness.
C) Socioeconomic status.
D) Humor.

Question 22

Sara is marrying Bill, a man three years older than her, who has completed college. Sara is completing college next year. In relation to the text's discussion of homogamy, this couple would be considered

A) unusual.
B) typical.
C) typical for age, but not education.
D) typical for attitudes, but not marital history.

Question 23

The tendency to marry someone who has personal characteristics similar to one's own is called

A) endogamy.
B) homogamy.
C) monogamy.
D) homosexuality.

Question 24

Which of the following is associated with a higher probability of marital success?

A) Younger age.
B) Shorter courtship.
C) Having happily married parents.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

Jerry is seeking a mate based on evolutionary theory. His most primary, underlying concern will be to look for a female who is

A) likely to be successful at having children.
B) likely to provide him love.
C) likely to be intelligent.
D) likely to be stronger than average.

Question 26

An orderly sequence of stages through which families progress is called 

A) family development.
B) the family life cycle.
C) group dynamics.
D) serial monogamy.

Question 27

A positive correlation between courtship length and marital success has been demonstrated in the literature. This means that 

A) longer courtships cause better marriages.
B) courtship length is inversely related to marital success.
C) more courtship time is associated with greater marital success.
D) marital outcomes are caused by length of courtship.

Question 28

The main problem with research on marital success is that

A) few researchers are interested in the topic.
B) marital quality is hard to measure.
C) most people don't like to reveal such information to researchers.
D) all of the above.

Question 29

Monique is in the first family life cycle stage. She is

A) a mother of young children.
B) launching her children and moving on.
C) newly married.
D) an unattached young adult, between families.

Question 30

The term "marital bliss" would be most characteristic of which of the following stages of the family life cycle?

A) Beginning families.
B) Families with preschool children.
C) Families with teenagers.
D) Families in the middle years.

Question 31

As a child, Daniel was generally smiling in photos. This indicates that his marital success is

A) less likely.
B) unpredictable based on this data.
C) more likely.
D) unrelated to social support.

Question 32

The norm in American society is all of the following EXCEPT

A) monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) endogamy.
D) homogamy.

Question 33

Lorrie was so busy in her new job that she was having trouble finding time to spend with her toddler son and husband. This stress is likely to

A) spill over to affect mood at home.
B) limit relationship-promoting behaviors in her marriage.
C) harm her marital stability.
D) do all of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following is associated with a higher probability of marital success?

A) Longer courtship.
B) Having divorced parents.
C) Perfectionism.
D) Insecurity.

Question 35

Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to higher divorce rates?

A) Marrying later in life.
B) Marrying younger in life.
C) Divorce is unrelated to age at the time of marriage.
D) Disruptions associated with mid-20s and older.

Question 36

In terms of what they look for in a marital partner, men place a higher value than women on which of the following?

A) Ambition.
B) Intelligence.
C) Financial prospects.
D) Youthfulness.

Question 37

Bonita's mother pointed out that Bonita and Ahmad tended to be negative and slightly sarcastic to each other and that this was going to cause problems in the future if they got married. Bonita, an attentive psychology student, believes

A) research shows that commutation tends to improve after marriage.
B) research shows that commutation is not that important.
C) research does not support her mother's statement.
D) research supports her mother's statement.

Question 38

The family life cycle is a proposed model of family development. 

Question 39

Jean is seeking a mate based on evolutionary theory. Her most primary, underlying concern will be to look for a male who is

A) likely to be devious.
B) likely to provide her love.
C) likely to be attractive.
D) likely to provide well for her children.

Question 40

In terms of what they look for in a marital partner, women place a higher value than men on which of the following?

A) Youthfulness.
B) Socioeconomic status.
C) Physical attractiveness.
D) Interest in raising a family.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a problem in family life later?

A) Disagreements about leisure activities.
B) Disappointments about intimacy.
C) Lack of time to spend together.
D) Disagreements about finances.

Question 42

Research suggests that the transition to parenthood is likely to be particularly challenging when the first-time parents are young.

Question 43

When financial resources are plentiful in a marriage, arguments about money

A) simply don't occur.
B) may still be a problem.
C) generally don't threaten marital satisfaction.
D) tend to occur if the wife doesn't work outside the home.

Question 44

Which of the following reasons do women give for remaining childless?

A) The cost of raising children.
B) Loss of independence.
C) Career issues.
D) All of the above.

Question 45

Since the 1970s, the percentage of childless women has 

A) remained the same.
B) increased by 5%.
C) increased by 10%.
D) increased by 20%.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for postpartum depressive symptoms?

A) Marital dissatisfaction.
B) Hormones that only affect birth mothers.
C) Past depression.
D) High stress levels.

Question 47

What does research tell us about the relationship between women's employment status and the quality of infant-mother emotional attachment?

A) Full-time mothers are more likely to have securely attached children.
B) Part-time working mothers have more securely attached children than full-time mothers or women employed full-time.
C) Mothers who work full-time can have securely attached children, but only if the husband shares child-rearing responsibilities.
D) There appears to be no relationship.

Question 48

Who is crisis during the transition to first parenthood more likely for?

A) Males.
B) Females.
C) Males and females are equally likely to experience crisis.
D) Research does not support a major transition to parenthood.

Question 49

Wives account for_____ of the core housework.

A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 78%
D) 92%

Question 50

According to the text, mismatched expectations about marriage roles are especially likely among today's husbands and wives because

A) gender roles are changing rapidly.
B) people are getting married at a younger age today.
C) in childhood, boys and girls get different messages about marriage.
D) of the abundance of unhealthy marriages portrayed in the mass media.

Question 51

Betty has the attitudes of a stereotypical married woman. She likely does _____housework than her husband and _____    consider it unfair.

A) more; does
B) less; does not
C) more; does not
D) less; does

Question 52

While Fatima is very busy as a mother, wife, and employee, research has shown an advantage of these multiple roles is that

A) she and her husband are more satisfied with the wife's role.
B) her husband can still be the primary breadwinner.
C) time away from children is a good stress relief.
D) she has increased social contacts and self-esteem.

Question 53

Conflict between adolescents and their parents is most likely to involve which of the following issues?

A) The adolescent's career plans.
B) The kinds of clothes the adolescent wears.
C) The adolescent's possible use of drugs.
D) Whether or not the adolescent will engage in sexual relations.

Question 54

Gender equality in marital chores is

A) increasing; wives still do the bulk of household chores.
B) fairly common; husbands do nearly 50% of the housework.
C) idealistic and probably not really desirable.
D) decreasing; wives do 78% of the core housework.

Question 55

Couples who have high levels of intimacy, closeness, and commitment prior to the birth of the first child

A) usually exhibit low levels of satisfaction after the child arrives.
B) find the transition to parenthood a difficult experience.
C) may see the newborn as an intruder into their lives.
D) maintain a high level of satisfaction after the birth of a child.

Question 56

The more children couples have, the lower their marital satisfaction tends to be.

Question 57

Happily married couples tend to have one person primarily responsible for the day-to-day finances.

Question 58

Those in the "sandwich generation" have to take care of both their own children and their parents.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT associated with marital conflict?

A) Alcoholism.
B) Role compromises.
C) Physical health problems.
D) Domestic violence.

Question 60

Nancy's children have all grown and moved out. Nancy is most likely to

A) have a period of difficult transition.
B) feel better if her children move back.
C) have a more negative attitude about them returning home than her children do.
D) feel liberated from child-rearing responsibilities.

Question 61

After a divorce, many children exhibit

A) depression.
B) lowered academic performance.
C) precocious sexual behavior.
D) all of the above.

Question 62

According to Wallerstein, divorce

A) typically has no effect on children.
B) increases childhood autonomy and self-reliance.
C) consistently leads to a number of maladaptive childhood outcomes.
D) pits children against one parent or the other in most cases.

Question 63

Research indicates that

A) the negative effects of divorce on psychological well-being is similar for men and women.
B) post divorce adjustment is more favorable with a higher income.
C) forgiveness of an ex-spouse is correlated with lower depression.
D) all of the above.

Question 64

The risk of divorce is currently at about 60%.

Question 65

The psychological adjustment of stepchildren is not significantly different from that of children in single-parent households.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about remarriage is NOT true?

A) Adaptation to remarriage can be difficult for children.
B) Divorce rates are lower for second than for first marriages.
C) Roughly three quarters of divorced people eventually remarry.
D) The average length of time between divorce and remarriage is 3 to 4 years.

Question 67

According to your textbook, the best way for married couples to avoid troublesome battles over money is probably to

A) engage in constructive communication regarding financial matters.
B) avoid discussions related to money.
C) assign responsibility for major financial decisions to one person exclusively.
D) consult on a regular basis with a financial planner.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a factor that predicts the impact of divorce on childhood adjustment?

A) Their age.
B) Coping resources.
C) Adjustment prior to the divorce.
D) Media exposure.

Question 69

Which of the following statements about divorce is NOT true?

A) Divorce is usually more disruptive for women than men.
B) Women are more likely to assume responsibility for the children.
C) Half of fathers lose contact with their children within the first year.
D) Both men and women are unlikely to have an adequate income or satisfying job.

Question 70

The first stage of development in stepfamilies is

A) fantasy.
B) immersion.
C) contact.
D) mobilization.

Question 71

Defensiveness is a communication style identified by Gottman to put couples at risk of dissolution.

Question 72

Endogamy is the legal dissolution of a marriage. 

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT one of the social trends contributing to increasing divorce rates?

A) Legal barriers to divorce have diminished.
B) The stigma attached to divorce has gradually eroded.
C) Increasing family size makes divorce more viable.
D) Working wives are less financially dependent on the continuation of their marriage.

Question 74

In order to develop his theory of the role of marital communication and risk factors for divorce, Gottman

A) analyzed his own marital experiences and those of three close friends.
B) did an Internet survey of 500 couples.
C) observed couples at 20 shopping malls in the United States over a period of two months.
D) studied over 50 couples using a combination of interview and observational techniques.

Question 75

Divorce rates for second marriages are lower than for first marriages.

Question 76

Divorce rates for second marriages are

A) higher than those for first marriages.
B) lower than those for first marriages.
C) the same as those for first marriages.
D) different depending on the wife's age at the time of the second marriage.

Question 77

After their parents divorce, _____  percent of children show emotional or psychological problems in adulthood.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 78

Which of the following has been found in adults whose parents divorced when they were children?

A) Marital instability.
B) Maladjustment.
C) Reduced occupational attainments.
D) All of the above.

Question 79

Gottman asserts that

A) conflict and anger in marital interaction are not normal.
B) jealousy is by far the greatest of all threats to marital stability.
C) the style of communication is the key issue in predicting marital dissolution.
D) conflict and anger are predictive of marital dissolution.

Question 80

Fred and Wilma are in an unhappy marriage. Compared to divorced couples, research indicates they are likely to have

A) more life satisfaction.
B) higher levels of happiness.
C) poorer physical health.
D) higher self-esteem.