Deck 15: Psychotherapy

Question 1

The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A) loneliness and phobias.
B) anxiety and depression disorders.
C) low self-esteem and marital conflict.
D) schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Answer 1

anxiety and depression disorders.

Question 2

Research presented in your text indicates that "57% of mental health patients were treated with medication only, up from 44% just nine years earlier," and your authors note that psychologists have recently been given prescription authority in more states.  It is reasonable to expect, based on these two trends, that__________.

A) the use of biomedical therapies will remain at the same level in the future
B) the use of biomedical therapies will decrease in the future
C) the use of biomedical therapies will increase in the future
D) the use of alternative therapies will surpass biomedical therapies

Answer 2

the use of biomedical therapies will increase in the future

Question 3

Based on the trends presented in your text, which of the following combinations of personal characteristics is MOST likely to lead to increased treatment seeking?

A) White male, no insurance, college educated.
B) White female, insurance, community college degree.
C) Hispanic female, insurance, high school education.
D) Black male, insurance, high school education.

Answer 3

White female, insurance, community college degree.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding treatment for psychological problems is MOST accurate?

A) Men are more likely than women to receive therapy.
B) Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
C) Only people who have an identifiable psychological disorder are eligible for therapy.
D) People with less education are more likely to enter therapy than those with more education.

Question 5

The main goal of behavior therapy is to

A) alter the client's brain chemistry by prescribing specific drugs.
B) change the client's thought patterns so that negative emotions can be controlled.
C) alter the problematic behaviors and maladaptive habits of the client.
D) identify the early childhood unconscious conflicts that are the source of the client's symptoms.

Question 6

Andre has recently been prescribed Xanax for a psychological disorder. His treatment includes

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy
D) transpersonal therapy.

Question 7

Dr. Jones has a Ph.D. and usually treats people with depression and phobic disorders. Dr. Jones probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 8

Which of the following combinations of training and treatment approaches is MOST likely based on the text's coverage of psychologists and psychiatrists?

A) A psychiatrist who utilizes insight therapy alone.
B) A psychologist who utilizes psychotherapy and medication.
C) A psychologist who utilizes behavior therapy alone.
D) A psychiatrist who utilizes group therapy and medication.

Question 9

The prescription of drugs in the treatment of psychological disorders is a feature of

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) transpersonal therapy.

Question 10

Dr. Benoitte has a M.D. and usually treats people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Dr. Benoitte probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) social worker.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT among the major approaches to therapy discussed by your authors?

A) Insight therapies.
B) Behavior therapies.
C) Biomedical therapies.
D) Alternative therapies.

Question 12

Of the following statements regarding the professional training of various types of helping professionals, which is the MOST accurate?

A) Marriage and family therapists typically have Psy.D.s
B) Psychiatric social workers tend to have bachelor's degrees.
C) Psychiatrists have M.D.s.
D) Counselors have at least a Ph.D. in psychology.

Question 13

Physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders are called 

A) psychiatrists.
B) clinical psychologists.
C) counseling psychologists.
D) There is insufficient information to answer.

Question 14

Only about half the people who use mental health services meet the criteria for a mental disorder.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the role of counselors in providing therapy is NOT accurate?

A) Counselors typically have a master's degree.
B) Counselors tend to emphasize the biomedical approach to treatment.
C) Counselors often specialize in particular types of problems, such as marital conflict.
D) Counselors are often found working in schools, colleges, and human service agencies.

Question 16

Ms. Harding has a master's degree and usually treats people with vocational or drug problems. Ms. Harding probably is a

A) counselor.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) counseling psychologist.
D) psychiatrist.

Question 17

Which of the following statements reflects the theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?

A) A clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs, but a counseling psychologist can't.
B) A clinical psychologist has a doctorate, whereas a counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
C) Clinical psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy, whereas counseling psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy.
D) A clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders, whereas a counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Question 18

In their provision of therapy, psychiatrists tend to emphasize _____treatments.

A) group
B) behavioral
C) biomedical
D) humanistic

Question 19

Traditionally, biomedical therapies are usually provided by

A) counselors.
B) psychiatrists.
C) psychologists.
D) social workers.

Question 20

The goal of insight therapies is to

A) change the patient's undesirable behaviors.
B) intervene in a person's biological functioning.
C) try to understand the nature of the client's difficulties and sort through possible solutions.
D) all of the above are goals of insight therapy.

Question 21

In_____  , clients relate to their therapist in ways that mimic key relationships in their lives.

A) congruence
B) transference
C) interpretation
D) free association

Question 22

Paul's father was always very competitive with Paul. Lately, in therapy, Paul has been trying to prove that he makes more money and is smarter than the therapist. Paul is showing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) overinterpretation.
D) free association linkage.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a central feature of modern psychodynamic therapies?

A) Exploration of avoiding distressing thoughts and feelings.
B) Discussion of past experiences.
C) Exploration of dreams.
D) Counterconditioning.

Question 24

Meagan has been receiving psychotherapy. Lately, she has been showing up late and become hostile to such an extent that it is interfering with her therapy. She is likely showing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) interpretation.
D) free association.

Question 25

_____ is an unconscious defense maneuver intended to hinder the progress of therapy.

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Interpretation linkage
D) Free association linkage

Question 26

The "descendants" of Freud's classical version of psychoanalysis are collectively known as_____ approaches to therapy.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) client-centered
D) psychodynamic

Question 27

For Freud, the most direct means of access to a patient's innermost conflicts, wishes, and impulses was through

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) word association.
D) dream interpretation.

Question 28

The old term "neuroses" is applied to the anxiety-dominated disturbances of today. 

Question 29

According to Freud, which of the following was/were the "royal road to the unconscious"?

A) The id.
B) Dreams.
C) Free association.
D) Defense mechanisms.

Question 30

Because Suzanne has always felt an unconscious rivalry with her mother, she is hostile to her therapist, who is just a little younger than her mother and a female. Suzanne's behavior is most likely a form of

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) misinterpretation.

Question 31

Psychoanalysis remains the primary therapeutic approach in contemporary circles.

Question 32

Which of the following individuals is credited with developing psychoanalysis?

A) Carl Jung.
B) Alfred Adler.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Richard Lazarus.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions Rogers felt was necessary for a positive therapeutic climate?

A) Empathy.
B) Genuineness.
C) Conditional free association.
D) Unconditional positive regard.

Question 34

Freud believed that neuroses were caused by

A) negative thinking.
B) classically conditioned fear responses.
C) unresolved conflicts in the unconscious.
D) incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.

Question 35

Client-centered therapy was developed by

A) Carl Jung.
B) Aaron Beck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 36

Positive psychology uses theory and research to better understand adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.

Question 37

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A) self-fulfillment.
B) behavioral intervention.
C) self-concept congruency.
D) unconscious conflict.

Question 38

According to the client-centered approach to therapy, personal distress and neurotic anxieties are usually caused by

A) conflicts centering on sex.
B) conflicts centering on psychosocial issues.
C) incongruence between self-concept and reality.
D) maladaptive habits that have been previously reinforced.

Question 39

Which of the following concepts is NOT closely associated with psychoanalytic treatment?

A) Dream analysis.
B) Free association.
C) Negative thinking.
D) Unconscious conflict.

Question 40

In psychoanalysis, free association is used to

A) overcome resistance.
B) explore the unconscious.
C) modify maladaptive habits.
D) clarify clients' feelings about their self-concept.

Question 41

Which of the following is generally NOT considered an advantage of group therapy?

A) Clients come to realize that their unhappiness is not necessarily unique.
B) Group therapy is less expensive for clients.
C) All types of problems are well suited to it.
D) Clients can practice their social skills in a safe environment.

Question 42

Which of the following sequences of steps MOST accurately depicts the steps a psychologist takes to establish an effective therapy group?

A) Screen participants, encourage group members select other participants, provide advice at sessions, get feedback.
B) Screen participants, select participants, set goals for the group, maintain group cohesiveness.
C) Establish positive climate, solicit volunteers, provide minimal structure, drop in periodically to evaluate group.
D) Solicit volunteers, screen volunteers, select participants based on illness severity, establish a therapeutic alliance.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about group therapy is MOST accurate?

A) Those in group therapy tend to take longer to improve relative to those in individual therapy.
B) Efficacy data suggests that group therapy is no less effective than individual treatment, for a variety of clients and situations.
C) Efficacy data suggests that group therapy is more effective than individual treatment, for a variety of clients and situations.
D) Group therapy should only be utilized when it is not practical or financially feasible to obtain individual treatment.

Question 44

Which of the following does NOT represent a confound to determining the efficacy of a treatment? 

A) Self-ratings by clients who want to justify their time and expense.
B) Outcome studies that do not support the treatment approach.
C) Other-reports by family members who want to see someone improve.
D) Independent evaluations by clinicians invested in a particular school of thought.

Question 45

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the major force promoting healthy change in therapy?

A) A supportive emotional climate.
B) The extinction of negative self-talk.
C) Conditional positive regard for the client.
D) The transference of the client's negative feelings to the therapist.

Question 46

Behavior therapy involves using the principles of _____to change problem behavior.

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) all of the above

Question 47

Behavior therapies assume parental conflict is the cause of most disorders. 

Question 48

Simultaneous treatment of several clients together is called cognitive therapy. 

Question 49

is the simultaneous treatment of several clients together. 

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Group therapy
C) Insurance fraud
D) Insight therapy

Question 50

In client-centered therapy, the therapist must demonstrate a complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person. This approach is most consistent with which of the following conditions of therapy?

A) Empathy.
B) Genuineness.
C) Conditional free association.
D) Unconditional positive regard.

Question 51

The view that therapy has historically focused too much on pathology and suffering instead of health and resilience represents

A) psychoanalytic psychology.
B) client-centered psychology.
C) positive psychology.
D) behavioristic psychology.

Question 52

The healthcare system in the United States is under great financial pressure. Because of this reality, which of the following therapeutic approaches is MOST likely to expand?

A) Psychoanalysis.
B) Couples therapy.
C) Group therapy.
D) Electroconvulsive therapy.

Question 53

Suppose you spoke to a client-centered therapist about her approach to therapy. Which of the following remarks would be MOST reasonable to expect? 

A) "I establish a strong rapport so that I can identify and emphasize to my clients the number and nature of their inconsistencies in life."
B) "I make my office space, namely my couch, very comfortable so my clients will express any emotions and cognitions as they come to mind."
C) "I walk with my clients through their childhood experiences once again, provide feedback, and craft future action plans."
D) "I have a conversation with my clients, and focus on asking questions rather than providing direction."

Question 54

Behavior therapy emerged from research fostered by which of the following individuals?

A) B.F. Skinner.
B) Hans Eysenck.
C) Joseph Wolpe.
D) All of the above.

Question 55

The benefits of group therapy include all of the following EXCEPT

A) clients learn they are not unique in their problems.
B) interpersonal skills can be improved.
C) it is less effective than individual therapy.
D) the group provides social support.

Question 56

Research indicates that insight therapy is

A) superior to biomedical therapy.
B) superior compared to undergoing no treatment.
C) only temporarily effective.
D) requires years for any noticeable change.

Question 57

Insight therapy provides

A) positive effects for a minority of clients.
B) a unified approach to psychotherapeutic mechanisms of action.
C) diverse approaches with common factors.
D) little evidence of any effective treatment.

Question 58

Lenny's therapy is progressing very quickly. Ben feels his therapist reflects Ben's statements with further clarification. Ben is probably in_____  therapy. 

A) psychodynamic
B) client-centered
C) cognitive
D) behavior

Question 59

Bobbie's problems at school have been identified as rooted in family pathology. The most likely recommendation will be for family therapy.

Question 60

In the process of group therapy, group members function as quasi-therapists to one another. 

Question 61

Ellis's rational-emotive behavior therapy and Beck's cognitive therapy emerged out of

A) social skills training.
B) insight therapy
C) aversion therapy.
D) desensitization training.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of behavior therapies?

A) Pathological behavior is learned.
B) Pathological behavior can be unlearned.
C) Parents often do not provide enough teaching of proper behaviors.
D) Maladaptive behaviors are results of past conditioning.

Question 63

Behavior therapies are least likely to be effective in the treatment of which of the following?

A) Phobias.
B) Drug-related problems.
C) Vague feelings of discontent.
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 64

The goal of systematic desensitization is to weaken the association between the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned response.

Question 65

Which of the following statements regarding the evaluation of behavior therapies is accurate?

A) Behavior therapists historically have placed little emphasis on measuring therapeutic outcomes.
B) Behavior therapies are well suited for the treatment of virtually any psychological problem.
C) There is favorable evidence on the efficacy of most of the widely used behavioral interventions.
D) Behavior therapists generally have a difficult time measuring progress due to the nature of their therapeutic goals.

Question 66

The main goal of cognitive therapy is to

A) correct clients' habitual thinking errors underlying disorders
B) uncover unconscious conflicts.
C) provide a supportive environment.
D) foster self-acceptance and personal growth.

Question 67

A therapist openly challenges a client's statement that she is a failure because her boyfriend left her. The client's homework is to record her thoughts throughout the next 3 days regarding her effectiveness in different situations. This is characteristic of

A) behavior therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 68

Systematic desensitization was devised by 

A) Albert Ellis.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Joseph Wolpe.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 69

The second step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client work through the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 70

is a behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

A) Free association
B) Self-modification
C) Aversion therapy
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 71

Play the role of a psychologist who utilizes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). About which of the following remarks by your client are you LEAST likely to ask for clarification?

A) "I have been really tired lately."
B) "I am lazy."
C) "No one will ever ask me out on a date."
D) "I know everyone hates me."

Question 72

Which of the following clients is furthest along in their behavior therapy program? 

A) Client A, who is ranking the stimuli that are most distressing.
B) Client B, who is working through the reasons underlying symptoms.
C) Client C, who is working on role-playing exercises with the therapist.
D) Client D, who is working on remaining relaxed while imagining stimuli.

Question 73

Evidence on systematic desensitization generally indicates that it is an effective procedure for eliminating

A) negative self-talk.
B) anxieties disorders.
C) depression.
D) drug and alcohol problems.

Question 74

Cognitive therapists assert that depression-prone people tend to draw negative conclusions about their worth based on major life events.

Question 75

The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to

A) identify unconscious needs and desires through free association.
B) recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.
C) help clients think about how therapy might help them.
D) help clients learn how to be of help to others in need of therapy.

Question 76

The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to 

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client work through the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 77

is a behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal behaviors that emphasize shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal.

A) Aversion therapy
B) Self-actualization
C) Social skills training
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 78

Which of the following techniques is least likely to be used in social skills training?

A) Shaping.
B) Modeling.
C) Counterconditioning.
D) Behavioral rehearsal.

Question 79

The third step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A) train the client in muscle relaxation.
B) help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) have the client works through the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D) expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 80

Kelli's therapist has her practice active listening skills in structured, role-playing exercises. Later she is asked to practice these skills with family members, friends, and coworkers. Kelli is likely in a treatment program based on which of the following techniques?

A) Self-modification.
B) Aversion therapy.
C) Social skills training.
D) Systematic desensitization.