Deck 13: The Juvenile Offender

Question 1

Similarities between the adult and juvenile system include which of the following?

A) the option to plea bargain
B) parental involvement
C) sealed records
D) all of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What type of treatment facility restricts the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls?

A) institutional treatment facilities
B) outpatient treatment facilities
C) community treatment facilities
D) none of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is one major difference between the juvenile and adult justice systems?

A) Police officers use discretion only with juveniles.
B) Only adults receive their Miranda rights.
C) Plea bargaining is used only with adults.
D) Only juveniles can be arrested for status offenses.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the text, a juvenile who runs away from home is an example of what type of offender?

A) status
B) chronic offender
C) misdemeanant
D) limited

Question 5

Probation and other forms of treatment for juvenile offenders emphasize which of the following?

A) incarceration without treatment.
B) treatment without incarceration.
C) treatment and incarceration.
D)

Question 6

In the 1800s, what facilities were created to teach juvenile offenders traditional values?

A) juvenile detention centers and jails
B) asylums and training schools
C) adult prisons
D) none of these

Question 7

The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established:

A) the nation's first independent juvenile court.
B) the death penalty for juveniles.
C) Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of due process for juvenile offenders
D) Sixth Amendment protection for juvenile offenders

Question 8

Approximately how many juveniles are placed on formal probation each year in the United States?

A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 400,000
D) 1,000,000

Question 9

Since 1999, the number of juvenile offenders in custody has been:

A) increasing.
B) decreasing.
C) staying the same.
D) none of these

Question 10

Programs that allow youthful offenders to live at home while receiving services in the community are known as:

A) group homes.
B) wilderness programs.
C) nonresidential programs.
D) boot camps.

Question 11

Underage minors who engage in antisocial activities that are defined as criminal behavior by the state's legal code are known as:

A) status offenders
B) juvenile delinquents
C) convicts
D) bad kids

Question 12

Nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living are known as:

A) group homes.
B) wilderness programs.
C) residential programs.
D) boot camps.

Question 13

Community treatment refers to efforts to provide juveniles with all of the following except .

A) care
B) protection
C) treatment
D) money

Question 14

A medieval English doctrine that sanctioned the right of the Crown to intervene in natural family relations whenever a child's welfare was threatened is known as:

A) writ of certiorari .
B) juvenilia protectorum .
C) parens patriae .
D) habeaus corpus .

Question 15

The key provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 provided which of the following?

A) a separate court for delinquent and neglected children
B) separate institutions for adults and juveniles
C) probation programs for juveniles
D) all of these

Question 16

The primary form of community treatment used by the juvenile justice system is:

A) incarceration.
B) probation.
C) house arrest.
D) boot camps.

Question 17

According to the text, programs that attempt to improve the self-confidence of youth are called:

A) group homes.
B) family group homes.
C) boot camps.
D) wilderness programs.

Question 18

Programs conducted for the rehabilitation of youthful offenders within community-based and institutional settings are known as:

A) group homes.
B) wilderness programs.
C) residential programs.
D) boot camps.

Question 19

Adult probation officers are different than juvenile probation officers in that:

A) they are more focused on treatment.
B) they maintain contact with the families.
C) they provide specialized services.
D) they emphasize more public safety and surveillance.

Question 20

Juvenile probation:

A) can only last a maximum of one year.
B) is often ordered for an indefinite amount of time.
C) can only last six months.
D) can extend past the age of majority, in most states that being 18.

Question 21

Murder is an example of a status offense.

Question 22

A comprehensive set of guidelines for juvenile offenders that was based on sentencing in relation to the seriousness of the crime, rather than on the needs of the youth, was known as the Juvenile Fair Sentencing and Reformation Act.

Question 23

All of the following dispositions are available to juveniles who are transferred to adult court except :

A) Cases can be dismissed.
B) Offenders can be placed on probation.
C) Offenders can be placed in adult correctional facilities.
D) The convicted can be given the death sentence for premediated homicide.

Question 24

Only adults can be placed in pretrial facilities.

Question 25

Which type of waiver to adult court automatically transfers perpetrators to adult court?

A) judicial waiver
B) prosecutorial waiver
C) statutorial exclusion
D) public defender request

Question 26

Police officers are only allowed to use discretion with adult offenders.

Question 27

Determinate sentencing is a new form of sentencing structure in juvenile justice, and in some jurisdictions it is replacing the traditional form of indeterminate sentencing.

Question 28

At what age do most states consider transferring juveniles to adult court for major felonies?

A) 13
B) 14
C) 15
D) 16

Question 29

Blended sentencing is defined as the imposition of juvenile and/or adult correctional sanctions on serious and violent juvenile offenders who have been adjudicated in juvenile court.

Question 30

Both juvenile and adult courts use proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard for evidence.

Question 31

Age determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court.

Question 32

Which case decided that a juvenile who commits a non-homicide crime cannot be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole?

A) Graham v. Florida
B) Furman v. Georgia
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 33

Treatment provided to juveniles in a public versus an institutional context is called community treatment.

Question 34

Plea bargaining may only be used with adult offenders.

Question 35

What is the most widely used transfer mechanism when sending juveniles to adult court?

A) judicial waiver
B) prosecutorial waiver
C) statutorial exclusion
D) public defender request

Question 36

Females in juvenile institutions are characterized by which of the following?

A) fewer than males
B) more likely to be incarcerated for status offenses
C) incarcerated for longer terms than males
D) all of these

Question 37

According to the text, juvenile court proceedings are open to the public.

Question 38

The majority of incarcerated youths in the United States are charged with all of the following except :

A) murder
B) assault
C) drug
D) property

Question 39

Due to their possible lack of education and cognitive abilities, juveniles do not receive Miranda warnings and other constitutional rights at time of arrest-they must wait to have counsel present.

Question 40

What is the juvenile equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system?

A) aftercare
B) boot camp
C) probation
D) wilderness program

Question 41

Most states have extended the same legal rights enjoyed by adults at parole revocation hearings to juveniles who are in danger of losing their aftercare privileges.

Question 42

Programs for youthful offenders that usually do not confine them overnight are called ____________________programs.

Question 43

Youth who are incorrigible, truants, and runaways are called ____________________offenders.

Question 44

Florida now leads the nation with juveniles serving life sentences without the possibility of parole.

Question 45

The concept of ______________________refers to the intervention in the lives of families and children in order to protect their general welfare.

Question 46

The   ____________________ is a type of community treatment that seeks to combine the elements of foster care and group home placements.

Question 47

In juvenile proceedings, the sentencing hearing is referred to as a(n) ____________________hearing .

Question 48

__________________is the primary form of community treatment for most juvenile offenders in the United States.

Question 49

Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be transferred or waived to adult court, where they can be tried and punished as adults.

Question 50

The primary goal of placing juveniles in institutions is to help them reenter the ____________________ successfully.

Question 51

Instead of being arrested, juveniles are taken into ____________________ .

Question 52

Minority youths accused of delinquent acts are more likely than white youths to be diverted from the court system into informal sanctions.

Question 53

Group homes, family group homes, wilderness programs, and boot camps are all examples of ____________________programs .

Question 54

The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Roper v. Simmons , put an end to the practice of the death penalty for juveniles in the United States.

Question 55

The intent of boot camps is to improve youths' self-confidence and sense of self-reliance.

Question 56

Research shows that public opinion on community corrections for juveniles remains negative.

Question 57

Many states permit waiver to the adult court if the juvenile previously has been adjudicated as a delinquent or has a prior criminal conviction.

Question 58

Aftercare is not important in the juvenile justice process because most juveniles age out of custody.

Question 59

In the case of _______________________, the Supreme Court granted juveniles due process rights, including the right to an attorney.

Question 60

More juveniles are now placed in an institution instead of being granted probation.

Question 61

Explain the history of the juvenile justice system.

Question 62

How do community treatment and institutional treatment differ for juveniles?

Question 63

Explain the role of the juvenile probation officer, and  describe the significance of probation in relation to juveniles.

Question 64

The supervision of juveniles who are released from correctional institutions so that they can make an optimal adjustment to community living is called ____________________.

Question 65

Discuss the legal concept of parens patriae .

Question 66

Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be ____________________ to adult court.

Question 67

Explain some of the main problems with placing juvenile offenders into adult prisons.

Question 68

A ___________________________is when the juvenile court makes the decision to transfer a juvenile to the adult court.

Question 69

Discuss aftercare consists in the juvenile justice system.

Question 70

What are the conditions that allow a juvenile to transfer into the adult court system?

Question 71

Explain the different types of residential community treatment programs available for juvenile offenders.

Question 72

In ____________________ , the Supreme Court held that the use of isolation, hand restraints, and tranquilizing drugs violated many constitutional rights of juveniles.

Question 73

Compare and contrast the juvenile system and the adult system.