Deck 4: Intermediate Sanctions and Restorative Justice

Question 1

According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of probationers'____________________.

A) prior crimes
B) recidivism
C) drug use
D) apathy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Bureau of Prisons uses the house arrest sanction for inmates:

A) before confinement.
B) before release.
C) who exhibit good behavior.
D) who request conjugal privileges.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

EM (electronic monitoring) signals are transmitted via:

A) active and passive phone line systems.
B) law enforcement dispatch services.
C) Wi-Fi networks.
D) two-way radios.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Fines are more frequently used in cases involving:

A) misdemeanors and lesser offenses.
B) lower-level felonies such as grand theft or automobile theft.
C) drug offenses.
D) sexual offenses.

Question 5

___________ sanctions falling between probation and prison are used to spare people incarceration, even in cases involving death.

A) Determinate.
B) Indeterminate.
C) Decisive
D) Intermediate.

Question 6

The sanction requiring a portion of the defendant's income to be paid is referred to as the:

A) budget fine.
B) monthly fine.
C) day fine.
D) annual fine.

Question 7

Criminal forfeiture can occur only after:

A) taxes are paid.
B) an arrest is made.
C) charges are filed.
D) conviction.

Question 8

Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward:

A) the seriousness of the crime.
B) repeat offenders.
C) violent offenders.
D) sex offenders.

Question 9

________________ is the intermediate sanction that involves the government seizing property that was derived from or used in criminal activity.

A) Forfeiture
B) Sequestration
C) Annexation
D) Confiscation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of specialized courts?

A) Gang courts
B) Drug courts
C) Family treatment courts
D) Veterans courts

Question 11

A court order requiring an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or a government agency is a:

A) community service order.
B) standard probation requirement.
C) volunteer assignment.
D) work release order.

Question 12

Monetary sanctions, better known as ___________, can be traced back to the early common-law practice of requiring that compensation be paid to the victim and the state for criminal acts.

A) restitution
B) sureties
C) reparations
D) fines

Question 13

Electronic monitoring includes which of the following?

A) programmed contact services.
B) GPS (global positioning system).
C) field monitoring devices.
D) all of these choices.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of house arrest?

A) It can range from evening curfew to detention during all nonworking hours.
B) It can last from several days to several years.
C) All offenders on house arrest are being monitored electronically.
D) There are more than 10,000 people on house arrest nationwide.

Question 15

When a convicted offender primarily pays into a victims' fund for damages caused by the crime, it is known as:

A) day fines.
B) restitution.
C) retribution.
D) reintegration.

Question 16

To ensure that an offender is complying with his or her home confinement orders, many jurisdictions use:

A) neighborhood watch programs.
B) cell phones.
C) electronic monitoring.
D) Internet.

Question 17

The RICO Act initiated the use of __________ as a sanction.

A) deportation
B) forfeiture
C) community service
D) reintegrative shaming

Question 18

The lowest end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions is:

A) probation.
B) house arrest.
C) the day reporting center.
D) fines.

Question 19

According to the continuum of intermediate sanctions, which of the following is the most intrusive sanction

A) house arrest
B) restitution
C) drug courts
D) boot camps

Question 20

Civil forfeiture is an act solely against:

A) the property used illegally.
B) the offender.
C) anyone living on the property.
D) back taxes owed on the property.

Question 21

Boot camps in adult corrections are usually used for:

A) first-time offenders in their late teens or early twenties.
B) first-time offenders who have a drug problem.
C) habitual offenders who have a violent criminal history.
D) habitual offenders who have a drug problem.

Question 22

The most popular model of restorative justice is:

A) Community service.
B) Religious intervention.
C) Fines.
D) Restitution.

Question 23

Intermediate sanctions fall along a continuum ranging from least intrusive (fines and community service) to  most  intrusive (house arrest, electronic monitoring).

Question 24

The nation's first crime victim compensation program began in 1965 in which U.S. state?

A) California
B) Pennsylvania
C) Louisiana
D) Vermont

Question 25

In rem proceedings are used to return property illegally seized by the government.

Question 26

The purpose of fines is to equalize the financial impact of sentences of offenders.

Question 27

In order to meet their specific intended goals, intermediate sanctions are usually not used conjunction with one another.

Question 28

Who is eligible for drug court?

A) offenders charged with drug trafficking
B) offenders charged with drug manufacturing
C) nonviolent offenders with substance abuse problems
D) violent offenders with substance abuse problems

Question 29

Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons.

Question 30

Intermediate sanctions are typically administered by county sheriffs.

Question 31

Prerelease centers for inmates that also serve as an intermediate sanction for probationers are called ______________and include probation centers, restitution centers, county work- release centers, and therapeutic communities.

A) halfway houses
B) release homes
C) day centers
D) report centers

Question 32

Which of the following statements about boot camps is most accurate?

A) Boot camp programs are on the decline.
B) Boot camp programs are on the rise.
C) Research on recidivism rates associated with boot camps is promising.
D) Nineteen states have instituted new hybrid drug court/boot camp programs for first-time young drug offenders.

Question 33

Short-term incarceration followed by a period of probation is called:

A) intensive probation.
B) new penology.
C) split sentencing.
D) new-wave probation.

Question 34

Forfeiture involves the government seizing property that was derived from or used in criminal activity.

Question 35

Law enforcement agencies can use forfeited assets to supplement their budgets.

Question 36

Criminal forfeiture occurs after a suspect is arrested by police officers but before he or she is convicted in a criminal court.

Question 37

One trend during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders.

Question 38

Involving the offender, victim, and victimized communities in levying justice is known as:

A) rehabilitative justice.
B) reintegrative justice.
C) restorative justice.
D) unbiased justice.

Question 39

An intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the:

A) day reporting center.
B) counseling services center.
C) employment services center.
D) health services center.

Question 40

Which statement indicates the relationship between day reporting centers and recidivism?

A) There is little evidence to support the idea that day reporting centers contribute to lower rates of recidivism.
B) Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline drastically.
C) Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline slightly.
D) Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates increase slightly.

Question 41

A(n) ____________________ legal proceeding is not an action against a violator but against the property involved.

Question 42

____________________________ occurs when the government seizes property that was derived from or used in criminal action.

Question 43

Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice.

Question 44

Recent research has shown that drug courts truly have not been as effective as prisons when it comes to reducing the recidivism rates of drug offenders.

Question 45

Financial restitution is payment of a sum of money by the offender to the court.

Question 46

Participants in healing or sentencing circles typically speak out while passing around a "talking piece" (such as a feather or stone).

Question 47

Drug courts are an example of a ________________ court, which is a court that seeks to provide unique and unconventional punishments in order to assist offenders with their particular issues.

Question 48

______________________ is a court-imposed sentence ordering that an offender remain confined to his or her own residence for a specified amount of time.

Question 49

______________________ is the type of electronic monitoring whereby an offender is monitored periodically or continuously throughout the day and night by means of a pager number that only the probation officer knows.

Question 50

A(An) _________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a specified sum of money.

Question 51

________________ sanctions are forms of community sentencing that include such measures as fines, house arrest, boot camps, and placement in community treatment centers.

Question 52

Split sentencing is a standard feature in many states with intensive supervision programs.

Question 53

Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime.

Question 54

Several definitions of restorative justice can be found, but at the heart of most of these definitions is the conviction that those most directly involved in a crime (individual victims, offenders, families of victims and offenders, and victimized communities) should be central in responding to the harm caused by crime.

Question 55

A(n) _________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a specified sum of money.

Question 56

A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency.

Question 57

The purposes of ______________________________ are to compensate victims for their losses and to teach the offenders financial responsibility.

Question 58

In the federal courts, the home confinement program is only used with pretrial defendants.

Question 59

A(n) __________________________ is a court order that requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

Question 60

Boot camps began in adult corrections, but are more recently used for juvenile offenders.

Question 61

A(n) _______________ is a military-style facility used as an alternative to prison in order to deal with prison overcrowding and public demands for severe treatment.

Question 62

What are the characteristics of day reporting centers?

Question 63

________________________ are prelease centers for inmates and intermediate sanctions for probationers including restitution centers, county work-release centers, and therapeutic communities.

Question 64

Define what is meant by a "drug court." Next, identify the elements of a drug court and also summarize their overall perceived effectiveness.

Question 65

Intermediate sanctions emerged in the 1980s as a result of three specific trends. Please list and fully explain each trend.

Question 66

Please list and d iscuss the benefits that have been attributed to the use of intermediate sanctions.

Question 67

__________________ is a philosophy of punishment that focuses on the welfare of victims in the aftermath of a crime.

Question 68

______________________ is actually the most popular model of restorative justice.

Question 69

Please list and explain the four basic types of systems that are used to electronically monitor offenders.

Question 70

Discuss the concept, advantages, and disadvantages of house arrest.

Question 71

Identify the sanctions included in the continuum or ladder of intermediate sanctions.

Question 72

With respect to intermediate sanctions, please list and fully explain the two most popular restorative justice strategies currently being used in the U.S. today.

Question 73

Benefits of graduated sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality, and ____________________.

Question 74

Provide a critique of boot camps as an alternative sanction.