Deck 5: Jails and Houses of Correction

Question 1

Which colony became the model for jails?

A) Georgia
B) Maryland
C) Pennsylvania
D) Virginia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The number of elderly jail inmates during the last decade has:

A) decreased.
B) remained the same.
C) tripled.
D) doubled.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The contemporary jail is usually under the authority of the:

A) mayor.
B) warden.
C) police chief.
D) sheriff.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

During the past decade, jail populations saw a steady increase. In the last few years the trend has:

A) stabilized and then increased again.
B) remained static.
C) stabilized and even declined in some states.
D) tripled.

Question 5

Linear/intermittent surveillance is a characteristic of a:

A) second-generation jail.
B) new-generation jail.
C) first-generation jail.
D) privately-run jails.

Question 6

Which jail type of jail complies with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that it establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons?

A) first-generation jail
B) second-generation jail
C) new-generation jail
D) fourth-generation jail

Question 7

The local correctional center had its origins in:

A) 1800s in Ireland
B) 1600s in Russia
C) medieval England
D) Ancient Egypt

Question 8

Which type of local correctional facilities are generally found in police stations and are responsible for holding people for less than 48 hour periods?

A) Workhouses.
B) Lockups
C) Jaisl.
D) Day reporting centers.

Question 9

Criminologist John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized jail inmates as:

A) rabble.
B) excrement.
C) social nightmare.
D) transgressors.

Question 10

Which type of facility is authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours?

A) jail
B) prison
C) work houses
D) lock-ups

Question 11

Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available:

A) adequate health care.
B) drug and alcohol treatment programs.
C) jobs inside the jails.
D) work release for good behavior.

Question 12

The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the _________________, which grants federal money to cities and states that agree not to confine juveniles in jail.

A) Justice for Juveniles Act
B) Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
C) Juvenile Restorative Justice Act
D) Juvenile Justice Reentry Reformation Act

Question 13

It is difficult for small jails to develop a variety of programs because they lack which of the following?

A) space.
B) staff.
C) fiscal resources.
D) all of these.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a local correctional institution?

A) prison
B) workhouse
C) jail
D) lockup

Question 15

Direct or podular/direct supervision is a characteristic of a:

A) first-generation jail.
B) new-generation jail.
C) privately-run jail.
D) second-generation jail.

Question 16

Despite the increase in incarcerated female offenders, nearly _____ out of 10 jail inmates are adult males.

A) 9
B) 6
C) 5
D) 4

Question 17

Indirect or podular/remote surveillance is a characteristic of a:

A) second-generation jail.
B) privately-run jail.
C) new-generation jail.
D) first-generation jail.

Question 18

Blacks are approximately ___ times more likely than Hispanics and ___ times more likely than whites to be in jail.

A) 2, 3
B) 3, 5
C) 3, 10
D) 5, 15

Question 19

The alternatives to local control of jails include:

A) state-run jails.
B) regional arrangements.
C) state-subsidized programs.
D) all of these choices.

Question 20

The initial step of admission to jail is:

A) receiving a housing assignment.
B) classification.
C) booking.
D) risk assessment.

Question 21

While African Americans and whites make up the great bulk of the jail population, American Indians are held in local jails at the highest rate of any racial group.

Question 22

First-generation jails are designed to provide indirect or podular/remote surveillance.

Question 23

In 1773, the Walnut Street Jail was constructed in Philadelphia; there prisoners were employed in hard labor in the institution and released during the day to repair and clean streets and highways.

Question 24

At the beginning of the 19th century, children, debtors, slaves, the mentally ill, and the physically ill were housed in jails, but as the century progressed, children and the mentally ill were more often sent to other institutions.

Question 25

African American and Hispanic females are less likely to receive jail sentences than are white female inmates.

Question 26

From its early beginnings, the contemporary jail has been considered a social institution.

Question 27

Jails have even fewer alternatives for dealing with the issue of _______ than do prisons.

A) overcrowding
B) privatization
C) costs
D) drugs

Question 28

Keeping track of inmates visually within the jail often involves using physiological or behavioral characteristics of the inmate; that is known as ________ technology.

A) DNA analytical
B) ultrasonic
C) webcast
D) biometric

Question 29

In recent years, seven states have enacted legislation that transfer control of local jails to:

A) state governments.
B) federal government.
C) local police agencies.
D) state police agencies.

Question 30

Police lockups can hold persons for periods for up to one week.

Question 31

The population of elderly jail inmates has decreased by more than 1/3 during the past decade.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a major health care issue currently facing individuals housed in American jails?

A) Chicken Pox/shingles
B) Hypertension
C) Mental Health
D) HIV

Question 33

A fee system was used in the early American colonies in which inmates were required to pay for their own food and services, including wood and coal for heat.

Question 34

Four U.S. states currently have full operational responsibility for their jails.

Question 35

One major issue for jail administrators that often involves both inmates and staff, especially in large urban areas, is:

A) work programs.
B) violence.
C) education.
D) social services.

Question 36

A major problem of jail administration is that sheriffs are politically accountable to county voters, so jails are one of the most political institutions in adult corrections.

Question 37

Male inmates far outnumber females inmates, though the disparity is narrowing somewhat.

Question 38

As prisons become more overcrowded, correctional officials use local jails to house inmates when there is no room in state prisons.

Question 39

Pennsylvania established the first colonial jail, but the Virginia jails established by reformer John Howard in the 17th century, later became the model for other states.

Question 40

Jail officers' lack of knowledge of appropriate intervention strategies poses a problem when dealing with the:

A) gang members.
B) juveniles.
C) the mentally ill.
D) drug addicts.

Question 41

Direct-supervision (DS) jails place the correctional officers' station within the inmates' living area, or pod, which means the officer can see and speak to inmates.

Question 42

A(n)________________ is a facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours. .

Question 43

_________________ jails offer many advantages, including effective supervision of inmates, improved communication between staff and inmates, safety of staff and inmates, and improved classification and orientation of inmates.

Question 44

Biometrics is the use of technical job skills training for jail inmates in order to increase employment opportunities upon release.

Question 45

New-generation jails are based on the ____________________model.

Question 46

The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the federal law known as the ____________________Act.

Question 47

After an arrest, an individual is taken to jail to first go through____________________.

Question 48

Management in first-generation jails assumes that they hold violent inmates who express their rage by victimizing each other, assaulting staff members, destroying property, and attempting to escape.

Question 49

In more than 3,000 counties in the United States, the ______________ runs the jail.

Question 50

Modern U.S. jail officers are now more adequately trained to deal with mentally ill prisoners.

Question 51

A(n) ___________________jail  is an incarceration facility that has a centrally placed, high-strength, mirrored-glass control center with a panoramic view that provides 100 % surveillance of the entire facility.

Question 52

____________________jails provide indirect or podular/remote surveillance.

Question 53

The federal law known as the , _______________ Act was created with the purpose of collecting national prison rape statistics, data, and conducting research; disseminating information and procedures for combating prison rape; and assisting in funding state programs.

Question 54

Women comprise one-third of all jail employees.

Question 55

The weakness of first-generation designed jails is found in the inability of staff to see more than one or two cells at a time.

Question 56

The first colony to institute a jail was _______________.

Question 57

Jails are not constitutionally mandated to make available adequate health care delivery systems.

Question 58

____________________ jails provide linear/intermittent surveillance of inmates.

Question 59

Second-generation jails comply with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that they establish a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons.

Question 60

An arrangement whereby a jurisdiction with an adequate jail is willing to contract with neighboring cities and counties to house prisoners on a per diem basis is known as a__________________________.

Question 61

What are the three different types of local correctional institutions?

Question 62

A new method of tracking inmates by utilizing physiological or behavioral characteristics in a three-step process is known as ____________________ technology.

Question 63

Please discuss three of the most serious issues facing the American jail system today.

Question 64

List and briefly explain the three alternatives to locally controlled jails.

Question 65

What is a regional jail, and how does it differ from other jail models?

Question 66

Discuss social class and the jail population.

Question 67

Discuss the historical origins of the jail in what would become the United States.

Question 68

Please explain what is meant by the "four generations" of jail supervision.

Question 69

Please fully explain what exactly transpires during both the booking and classification process post arrest.

Question 70

What is biometrics and how is it used in our modern jail system?

Question 71

Discuss some of the health care issues confronting individuals in the jail setting.