Deck 20: The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Question 1

The new steam engines required affordable access to

A)traditionally produced iron and coal.
B)iron and major rivers.
C)wood and traditionally produced iron.
D)coal and improved, stronger iron.
E)improved, stronger iron and major rivers.

Answer 1

coal and improved, stronger iron.

Question 2

The machine identified in the text as fostering slavery was the

A)spinning jenny.
B)spinning mule.
C)cotton gin.
D)power loom.
E)McCormick reaper.

Answer 2

cotton gin.

Question 3

Eighteenth-century technical advances in the textile industry included

A)John Kay's flying shuttle.
B)Richard Arkwright's spinning machine.
C)Samuel Crompton's spinning mule.
D)Edmund Cartwright's power loom.
E)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?

A)The Industrial Revolution began in Britain.
B)The first country to which the Industrial Revolution spread was the United States.
C)The Industrial Revolution spread to France after the French Revolution.
D)Industrialization began in Germany in the 1840s and became phenomenal in the 1870s.
E)Russia began to industrialize in the 1890s.

Question 5

The state in Britain contributed to the Industrial Revolution by

A)passing laws allowing for enclosure of common lands.
B)fostering enterprise that expanded trade routes.
C)revising the electoral system to allow middle-class subjects to vote and thus shape policy.
D)protecting private and intellectual property under the law.
E)all of the above ​

Question 6

At the end of the eighteenth century, industrialization in France was delayed by

A)political revolution.
B)attachment to traditional agricultural methods.
C)acquisition of land by the peasantry.
D)attachment to traditional, high quality craft production.
E)all of the above

Question 7

What was the innovation that significantly improved the quality of iron in the eighteenth century?

A)Bessemer's converter
B)the French practice of using a double compartment furnace with one compartment for the coke or coal, the other for the iron
C)the Siemens-Martin open hearth process
D)the application of steam engines to pump water from mines
E)the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron

Question 8

Improved nutrition in Europe during the nineteenth century

A)was based largely on food imports from the Americas.
B)was associated with a drop in the consumption of meat and dairy products.
C)benefited only the upper classes.
D)meant that the majority of the population was taller, stronger, and even smarter.
E)was tied exclusively to literacy rates.

Question 9

Capitalist agriculture first developed in

A)France and England.
B)the Netherlands and England.
C)Germany and France.
D)Denmark and the Netherlands.
E)the New World.

Question 10

The Dutch Republic lacked which of the following preconditions for industrialization?

A)a good transportation system
B)developed capitalist practices
C)natural resources
D)technical know-how
E)highly developed agriculture

Question 11

Enclosure

A)contributed to the wealth of a new breed, commercial farming landowners.
B)resulted in year-round work for poorer farmers.
C)was confined to England only.
D)required the locking of gates once work in the factory had begun.
E)was abolished with the manorial system.

Question 12

The text identifies which of the following as distinctive to Britain's industrialization?

A)the degree to which private entrepreneurship was responsible for industrialization
B)the ability of the government to mobilize the country's resources in an economically productive way
C)the health and prosperity of Britain's population (with the exception of Ireland)
D)the humane treatment of industrial workers
E)all of the above

Question 13

The Industrial Revolution

A)led to the transformation of human existence in Western Europe.
B)was complete by the end of the decade after 1800.
C)happened at the same pace throughout Europe.
D)resulted from careful planning by its organizers.
E)all of the above ​

Question 14

Which of the following is a key reason England was able to industrialize first?

A)England was the wealthiest country in Europe.
B)England's people were more willing to change the traditional ways of agriculture and craft production.
C)England's scientific and intellectual life was considerably more advanced than that of its neighbors.
D)England's government was the most responsive in Europe to the need for transportation and communication.
E)England's population was far more industrious than that of other European states.

Question 15

According to the text, which of the following contributed to the development of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

A)the loss of substantial wealth to the Ottomans that drove the search for a means of catching up to the East
B)a reduction of trade that resulted from the collapse of rural handicrafts
C)capitalist practices of medieval bankers and merchants
D)a unified world vision and political unity throughout the continent
E)a reduction of competition among European states after the wars of Napoleon

Question 16

Why wasn't steam power used extensively in the 1760s?

A)Steam-powered machines were dangerous and could explode.
B)The steam engine still required proximity to running streams.
C)Not many workmen could be trusted to operate the complicated machinery.
D)The expense was too great.
E)Patent laws restricted their use.

Question 17

Between 1800 and 1914, the population of Europe changed from

A)75 million to 200 million.
B)100 million to 200 million.
C)100 million to 300 million.
D)190 million to 460 million.
E)200 million to 125 million.

Question 18

The dismantling of the old manorial system inherited from the Middle Ages resulted in

A)increased agricultural productivity.
B)increased rural poverty.
C)new opportunities for manufacturing entrepreneurs.
D)substantial migration to the cities.
E)all of the above

Question 19

Results of the population growth of the eighteenth century included

A)famine, disease, and misery.
B)a reintroduction of serfdom in Western Europe.
C)the breakup of traditional farming.
D)a rejection of market-oriented farming practices.
E)significant advantages for workers in labor-scarce areas.

Question 20

The agricultural revolution in Europe contributed to the Industrial Revolution by

A)expanding the population.
B)contributing to the creation of a mobile labor force.
C)providing more consumers and greater demand for non-agricultural products.
D)nurturing a healthier population.
E)all of the above

Question 21

Working class culture in the nineteenth century was centered around the

A)home.
B)church.
C)pub or similar gathering place.
D)factory.
E)outdoors.

Question 22

Urbanization followed all the following patterns EXCEPT

A)the greatest urbanization occurred in the twentieth not the nineteenth century.
B)the growth of haphazard, unhealthy industrial cities was particularly serious in Britain.
C)at the time, many found the phenomenon astonishing.
D)in the first half of the nineteenth century, most workers lived in the suburbs of industrial cities, close to the factories.
E)governments in continental Europe were more willing to regulate urbanization.

Question 23

Generally speaking, the relationship between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the European nobility in the later nineteenth century was characterized by

A)great hostility.
B)bourgeois rejection of noble values.
C)extensive intermarriage and social contact.
D)noble striving to imitate the bourgeoisie.
E)limited contact.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate ?

A)The French and the British engaged in major road construction in the eighteenth century.
B)A boom in canal construction occurred in Britain and the United States between 1760 and 1820.
C)Steam-powered railroads began to replace horse-powered railroad in the 1820s.
D)The telegraph industry was first developed in the 1840s.
E)Most European railroad construction and administration in the nineteenth century remained in private hands.

Question 25

The new world created by industrialization led to

A)the increasing importance of the individual.
B)the growing value of the nation over the locality.
C)an idealization by some of the past as a golden age.
D)an enthusiasm by some for progress.
E)all of the above

Question 26

The possession of which of the following was the principal source of social and political power during industrialization?

A)mines
B)textile factories
C)landed property
D)intellectual property
E)ships

Question 27

Which of the following constituted the largest group of city workers until the 1850s?

A)artisans
B)day laborers
C)factory workers
D)servants
E)the unemployed

Question 28

Judging from the text, why did factory workers marry earlier and have more children than artisans or peasants?

A)A wife and children could also work in factories and so were economic assets especially in old age.
B)Migration into the cities broke down traditional peasant values such as thrift and sexual abstinence.
C)Birth control was not available in the cities.
D)They felt the need to relieve the loneliness and anomie of the cities.
E)Factory owners encouraged the practice with incentives.

Question 29

Artisans differed from factory workers in that they

A)belonged to guilds.
B)were highly skilled and usually educated.
C)constituted longstanding community within the town or city.
D)had stable families and passed on their skills to their children.
E)all of the above

Question 30

According to the text, the middle classes included all of the following EXCEPT

A)factory and mine owners.
B)bankers and managers.
C)merchants and shopkeepers.
D)lawyers and doctors.
E)factory workers.

Question 31

The importance of the Darby family and the Severn bridge lies in the fact that

A)they symbolize the ability of large businesses dating from the Middle Ages to create marvels of modern technology.
B)the bridge was the first to be made of cast iron since Roman times.
C)they are indicative of the small family-owned businesses that made Industrial Revolution possible in England.
D)they show how new economic realities connected with the Industrial Revolution destroyed small family companies.
E)they demonstrate that not all technological innovations were economically viable.

Question 32

In general, urban servants were

A)young unmarried women.
B)young unmarried men.
C)married couples in service together.
D)older unmarried women.
E)older unmarried men.

Question 33

The Luddites who resisted industrial change engaged in acts of violence in

A)France.
B)Germany.
C)the Netherlands.
D)England.
E)Eastern Europe.

Question 34

The English parliamentary reports on the cities

A)painted a better picture than that which existed.
B)only began in the late nineteenth century.
C)often read like novels describing the grinding poverty, filth, and stench.
D)were dominated by the leaders of business.
E)had little impact.

Question 35

Banks

A)were a safe enterprise that guaranteed profitable returns.
B)provided insurance for deposits.
C)amassed considerable resources that allowed them to reject caution in their approach to investing.
D)proved vulnerable to nineteenth-century financial crises.
E)often concentrated their investments in a single industry to maximize profits.

Question 36

As the impact of the Industrial Revolution grew

A)the middle class of Western Europe gained political power by the early eighteenth century.
B)landed power in Western Europe was quickly displaced.
C)by the end of the nineteenth century, bourgeois politicians shared power with the aristocracy in Western Europe.
D)in Eastern Europe, the aristocracy was very quickly displaced by the emerging bourgeoisie.
E)the industrial working class became the social pacesetter by the end of the nineteenth century.

Question 37

Factory work became much more oppressive than farm work mainly because

A)the hours were longer.
B)the work was much more regulated and depended on the pace of the machine.
C)the physical environment was less healthy.
D)it paid less than most farm work.
E)it prohibited socialization.

Question 38

Which of the following was the most important mid-nineteenth-century innovation that significantly increased funds ready for investment?

A)joint-stock companies
B)limited liability corporations
C)international banks
D)public-private companies
E)insurance companies

Question 39

The Darby family profiled in the text were

A)cotton textile factory owners.
B)canal builders.
C)agricultural capitalists.
D)railroad investors.
E)iron manufacturers.

Question 40

With the development of mass transportation in the later nineteenth century in large European cities

A)workers tended to remain in the city center, while the wealthy moved into the outskirts.
B)new working class neighborhoods began to ring many cities.
C)city centers became strictly business districts as residents left for the suburbs.
D)the possibilities for worker insurrection were improved.
E)the quality of urban life actually deteriorated.

Question 41

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
joint-stock company

Question 42

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
pig pron

Question 43

The debate over working class life during early industrialization includes the observation that

A)rising wages did not guarantee a rising quality of life.
B)industrialization destroyed crafts and displaced craftsmen.
C)the new economic system permitted the starvation of a million Irish in the 1840s.
D)industrialization led to extensive migration from country to city and emigration abroad.
E)all of the above

Question 44

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
middle classes

Question 45

Conditions for miners

A)improved rapidly through a variety of technological advances.
B)were not the subject of government regulation.
C)resulted in significant health problems.
D)posed few physical dangers to workers, unlike factory conditions.
E)all of the above

Question 46

The effects of the Industrial Revolution included all the following EXCEPT

A)a decline in aristocratic power and values.
B)minimal impact on the natural environment.
C)a rise in nationalism and secularism.
D)the ascent of bourgeois values and democracy.
E)the projection of Western power into the wider world.

Question 47

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
enclosure

Question 48

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"green revolution"

Question 49

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
sabotage

Question 50

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Luddites

Question 51

James Phillips Kay described the working classes of Manchester as all of the following EXCEPT

A)densely massed in houses.
B)exhausted from prolonged labor.
C)faced with routine drudgery.
D)intellectually active.
E)absent of religious feeling.

Question 52

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"holy Monday"

Question 53

British workhouses had all the following features except

A)separation of families by age and sex.
B)a genuine popularity among the poor.
C)food and shelter for the poor.
D)assumptions that the conditions were severe enough to guarantee that only the "deserving" poor took advantage of them.
E)hiring out of the poor to manufacturers and farmers for very low wages.

Question 54

In nineteenth-century Britain, labor unions

A)made no headway in protecting members from unemployment and dangerous working conditions.
B)organized all of the laboring classes.
C)possessed the same protections as were put in place for corporations.
D)were legalized but forbidden to strike.
E)successfully consolidated in a Grand National Consolidated Trades Union.

Question 55

The New Poor Law of 1834

A)aimed to distinguish between the "deserving" and "undeserving" poor by forcing paupers into government workhouses.
B)barred children under age ten from working in factories.
C)established a minimum wage for British industry.
D)provided for the forced deportation of the unemployed to Australia.
E)provided unemployment insurance.

Question 56

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
urbanization

Question 57

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
factories

Question 58

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
limited liability corporation

Question 59

To improve working class conditions in the nineteenth century

A)governments passed legislation that gradually shortened the workday from sixteen to ten hours.
B)French and German governments established and ran state schools.
C)legislation limited the employment of children.
D)poor relief included prison-like workhouses.
E)all of the above

Question 60

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
agricultural revolution

Question 61

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What could newcomers to the working class experience as they came to the city? If life was so difficult in the cities, why did workers continue to go there?

Question 62

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the Industrial Revolution change European society and contribute to the modernization of the West?

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
workhouse

Question 64

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What caused Europe's population explosion, and how did it contribute to the origins of the industrial age?

Question 65

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the following areas urbanized during the 1800s: the English Midlands, the Scottish Lowlands, the northern plain of France, Belgium, the Rhineland, and northern Italy.

Question 66

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which elements of society resisted the coming of industry and the new technology on which it relied, and why? How did they respond to the changes they faced?

Question 67

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. After the 1830s or so, the Industrial Revolution required huge infusions of capital. Why was this so, and how was this capital mobilized?

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"relay system"

Question 69

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Why was the agricultural revolution a necessary precursor to industrialization? How did the agricultural revolution change traditional social structures and labor patterns?

Question 70

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the four areas in Europe to which the Industrial Revolution spread by the 1860s.

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
blacklisted

Question 72

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Discuss some of the main economic problems facing the new industrial working class. How did governments respond when workers protested?

Question 73

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. While the Industrial Revolution was a product of European civilization, it developed first in Britain. Why?

Question 74

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Much press is given to the dynamic power of private entrepreneurship in the development of industrial capitalism. However, governments also played a very large role in funding and facilitating industrialization, even in England. Provide some examples of this.

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
mutual aid societies

Question 76

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Choose either the textile or the iron industry, and explain the nature of major developments influencing the Industrial Revolution in that field.

Question 77

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What were the major features of the Industrial Revolution? In what ways did it create a new age in the history of the West?