Deck 13: The Nervous System

Question 1

Glial cells perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____. ​

A)nourish neurons
B)control the concentrations of electrolytes
C)protect and support neurons
D)produce action potentials
E)insulate axons ​

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons is the ____. ​

A)axon terminal
B)dendrite
C)cell body
D)axon hillock
E)synapse

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In a resting neuron, which ion is leaking out of the cell? ​

A)potassium only
B)sodium only
C)chloride only
D)calcium only
E)both sodium and potassium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The resting membrane potential is measured at ____. ​

A)0 mV
B)70 mV
C)100 mV
D)-70 mV
E)-100 mV

Question 5

The cell that controls efferent functions is a(n)____. ​

A)motor neuron
B)sensory neuron
C)integrator neuron
D)interneuron
E)glial cell

Question 6

The Na-K pump moves how many sodium ions across the membrane with every action? ​

A)3 out
B)3 in
C)2 out
D)2 in
E)5 out

Question 7

What maintains the resting membrane potential? ​

A)Na-K pumps
B)leaky sodium channels
C)gated sodium channels
D)leaky potassium channels
E)gated potassium channels

Question 8

Which statement concerning a resting neurons is TRUE? ​

A)Both sodium and potassium are leaking into the cell.
B)Sodium is leaking into the cell through gated channels.
C)Both sodium and potassium are at a state of equilibrium.
D)The cytoplasm side of the membrane is slightly negative compared to the outside.
E)Voltage reversals happen spontaneously.

Question 9

During the second half of an action potential, ____. ​

A)potassium ions are leaving the cell
B)the Na-K pump is off
C)sodium ions are moving into the cell
D)the cell is approaching threshold potential
E)the membrane potential is becoming more positive

Question 10

In a resting neuron, which ion is slowly leaking into the cell? ​

A)potassium only
B)sodium only
C)chloride only
D)calcium only
E)both sodium and potassium

Question 11

Action potentials propagate ____. ​

A)towards the cell body
B)away from the initiation site
C)bidirectional
D)towards the dendrites
E)away from the synapse

Question 12

The "trigger zone" of a neuron is found at the ____. ​

A)axon terminal
B)dendrite terminal
C)cell body ​
D)axon hillock
E)synapse

Question 13

The cell that acts to relay electrical information to other cells is a(n)____. ​

A)motor neuron
B)sensory neuron
C)integrator neuron
D)interneuron
E)glial cell

Question 14

During an action potential, the membrane potential ____. ​

A)becomes more negative as sodium enters the cell
B)becomes more negative as potassium leaves the cell
C)becomes more positive as sodium enters the cell
D)becomes more positive as sodium leaves the cell
E)remains at -70 mV until threshold is reached

Question 15

The point at which a nerve impulse is initiated is the ____. ​

A)initiation threshold
B)initiation potential
C)action potential
D)graded potential
E)threshold potential

Question 16

Over 90% of all cells in the nervous system are ____. ​

A)motor neurons
B)sensory neurons ​
C)integrator neurons
D)interneurons ​
E)glial cells

Question 17

During an action potential, sodium ions move into the cell through ____. ​

A)leaky channels
B)glial cell extensions
C)transport pumps ​
D)gated channels
E)osmosis

Question 18

The all-or-nothing rule of action potential production is a function of ____. ​

A)threshold potential
B)graded potential
C)conduction velocity
D)propagation direction
E)frequency coding

Question 19

The "conducting zone" of a neuron is found at the ____. ​

A)axon
B)dendrite terminal
C)cell body
D)axon hillock
E)synapse

Question 20

The differences in concentration of which pair of ions produces the resting membrane potential? ​

A)sodium and potassium
B)sodium and chloride
C)potassium and chloride
D)chloride and calcium
E)calcium and sodium

Question 21

The myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system are ____. ​

A)motor neurons
B)sensory neurons
C)oligodendrocytes
D)Schwann cells
E)astrocytes ​

Question 22

Which division of the nervous system is considered autonomic motor? ​

A)afferent nerves
B)nerves that control skeletal muscle
C)sensory receptors
D)sympathetic division
E)Schwann cells ​

Question 23

The role of the postsynaptic neuron in neural communication is to ____. ​

A)release neurotransmitters
B)use gated calcium channels
C)contain synaptic vesicles
D)send signal to neighboring cells
E)contain receptors that binds neurotransmitters ​

Question 24

A myelin sheath functions to ____. ​

A)protect axons
B)allow nerve cells to divide
C)trigger action potentials
D)increase electrical propagation speeds
E)promote neurotransmitter release ​

Question 25

Which component of the muscle stretch reflex initiates the reflex? ​

A)motor neuron
B)interneuron
C)muscle spindle
D)acetylcholine
E)Schwann cell ​

Question 26

In the central nervous systems, axons of several neurons traveling together are called ____. ​

A)nuclei
B)fibers
C)bundles
D)tracts
E)filaments ​

Question 27

A drug that blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin ____. ​

A)decreases the concentration of serotonin in the synapse
B)can be used to elevate mood
C)affects respiratory activity
D)is used to treat hypertension
E)enhances neurotransmitter release ​

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter functions inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters? ​

A)acetylcholine
B)epinephrine
C)dopamine
D)serotonin
E)GABA ​

Question 29

The term that is synonymous with motor is ____. ​

A)input
B)afferent
C)efferent
D)ganglia
E)peripheral ​

Question 30

Which division of the nervous system is divided into two opposing systems that control smooth muscles and glands? ​

A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)afferent
D)central nervous system
E)voluntary nervous system ​

Question 31

Which type of graded potential moves the cell closer to having an action potential? ​

A)EPSP
B)IPSP
C)inhibitory potential
D)hyperpolarization
E)potentials that move the cell away from threshold ​

Question 32

Trigeminal neuralgia is due to compression of ____. ​

A)cranial nerve II
B)ganglia
C)cranial nerve V
D)one of the lumbar spinal nerves
E)one of the sacral spinal nerves ​

Question 33

Two EPSPs combine to drive a cell to threshold potential. This is an example of ____. ​

A)neuromodulation
B)intersignaling
C)neurotransmitter release
D)synaptic inhibition ​
E)summation ​

Question 34

Which ion is required for proper neurotransmitter release? ​

A)sodium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)chloride
E)acetylcholine ​

Question 35

During action potential conduction along a myelinated axon, the action potential appears to jump from ____. ​

A)synapse to synapse
B)node to node
C)dendrite to axon
D)axon to dendrite
E)inside to outside ​

Question 36

Postganglionic autonomic neurons ____. ​

A)are found in the brain
B)interact with smooth muscle and glands
C)are found in the spinal cord
D)release only acetylcholine
E)are considered somatic ​

Question 37

Which neurotransmitter functions to elevate mood? ​

A)acetylcholine
B)epinephrine
C)dopamine
D)serotonin
E)GABA ​

Question 38

Which neurotransmitter functions to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction? ​

A)acetylcholine
B)epinephrine
C)dopamine
D)serotonin
E)GABA ​

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT part of the CNS? ​

A)Schwann cells
B)ganglia
C)cranial nerves
D)brain
E)spinal nerves ​

Question 40

The neural pathways that underlie a spinal reflex are known as a reflex ____. ​

A)action
B)pathway
C)arc
D)tract
E)fiber ​

Question 41

What type of molecule crosses the blood-brain barrier freely? ​

A)lipid soluble toxins
B)glucose
C)proteins
D)water soluble vitamins
E)amino acids ​

Question 42

A brain injury to which structure might often be fatal? ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem ​
E)cerebellum

Question 43

Cerebral spinal fluid is found in the space between ____. ​

A)arachnoid and pia maters
B)skull and dura mater
C)pia mater and brain
D)dura and arachnoid maters
E)scalp and skull ​

Question 44

A PET scan showing significant activity in the occipital lobe would reflect brain activity for someone who is ____. ​

A)reading
B)walking
C)running
D)listening to music
E)sleeping ​

Question 45

Which portion of the brain is not protected by the blood-brain barrier? ​

A)pons
B)cerebellum
C)thalamus
D)cerebrum
E)hypothalamus ​

Question 46

In which lobe is the somatosensory cortex located? ​

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital
E)insular ​

Question 47

The right primary motor cortex ____.

A)is part of the parietal lobe
B)controls muscles on the left side of the body
C)includes Wernicke's area
D)is near the occipital lobe
E)is also involved in auditory processing ​

Question 48

Which motor region processes learned motor skill patterns? ​

A)Wernicke's area
B)Broca's area
C)temporal lobe
D)premotor cortex
E)frontal eye field ​

Question 49

Which brain structure works in conjunction with the basal nuclei to control motor activity? ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum ​

Question 50

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information? ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum ​

Question 51

The right and left cerebral hemisphere are divisions of the ____. ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum ​

Question 52

The deeply folded, outer layer of gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere is the ____.

A)cerebrum
B)association areas
C)cerebral cortex
D)integration centers
E)language centers ​

Question 53

What is found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord? ​

A)dendrites
B)cell bodies of motor neurons
C)axons
D)white matter tracts
E)autonomic neurons ​

Question 54

Thoughts, memories, and the ability to understand begin in the ____. ​

A)cerebral cortex
B)hypothalamus
C)brain stem
D)association areas
E)language centers ​

Question 55

Which brain structure influences autonomic activity? ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum ​

Question 56

Many of the spinal cord nerve tracts ____. ​

A)are unmyelinated
B)contain dendrites and cell bodies
C)are found in the central portion of the cord
D)are classified as white matter
E)extend from the brain to the thoracic spinal cord region ​

Question 57

The pons and medulla oblongata are part of the ____. ​

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebrum
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum ​

Question 58

The spinal cord ____. ​

A)functions as a control center for reflexes
B)inhibits unwanted brain activity
C)consists solely of nerve tracts
D)carries only motor information
E)carries parasympathetic but not sympathetic messages ​

Question 59

Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system? ​

A)to increase stomach activity
B)to decrease heart rate
C)to dilate the pupils
D)to stimulate intestinal activity
E)to decrease blood pressure ​

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT an action of the sympathetic nervous system? ​

A)to dilate the bronchioles
B)to stimulate saliva production
C)to increase heart rate
D)to increase blood pressure
E)to inhibit penile erection ​

Question 61

Which of the following is characteristic of REM sleep? ​

A)dreaming
B)stage of sleep that occurs every 3-4 hours
C)most of sleep spent in this stage
D)easily aroused
E)little change in muscle tone ​

Question 62

The condition in which it takes larger or more frequent doses to produces the same effect is drug ____. ​

A)tolerance
B)addiction
C)habituation
D)concealment
E)depression ​

Question 63

West Nile virus or herpes can lead to the dangerous condition of ____. ​

A)epilepsy
B)paralysis
C)encephalitis
D)meningitis
E)multiple sclerosis ​

Question 64

Association areas allow us to perform all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)abstract thought
B)judgment
C)fear arousal
D)planning
E)concern for others ​

Question 65

Bipolar disorder and depression are part of the set of conditions known as ____. ​

A)ADHD
B)mood disorders
C)autism spectrum disorders
D)schizophrenia
E)ADD ​

Question 66

In addition to controlling states of arousal, the reticular formation also ____. ​

A)controls postural muscle activity
B)regulates blood pressure and respiratory activity
C)releases hormones that aid in sleep
D)controls visual inputs
E)controls language and speech patterns ​

Question 67

Which imaging technique detects brain activity by measuring blood flow? ​

A)fMRI
B)MRI
C)EEG
D)PET scan
E)CAT scan ​

Question 68

The autoimmune disorder that involves a progress loss of myelin is ____. ​

A)epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)meningitis
E)multiple sclerosis

Question 69

Which drug is considered an illegal stimulant? ​

A)caffeine
B)nicotine
C)cocaine
D)morphine
E)alcohol ​

Question 70

Which drug is considered an hallucinogen? ​

A)marijuana
B)nicotine
C)cocaine
D)morphine
E)alcohol ​

Question 71

States of consciousness depend upon which brain stem structure? ​

A)reticular formation
B)pons
C)medulla oblongata
D)mid brain
E)thalamus ​

Question 72

Which disorder is associated with buildup of amyloid proteins leading to loss of memory and intellectual functions? ​

A)epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)meningitis
E)multiple sclerosis ​

Question 73

The loss of fact memory ____. ​

A)does not affect the capacity to learn new skills
B)is associated with hypothalamus damage
C)affects the activity of the cerebellum
D)is known as aphasia
E)leaves declarative memory in tact ​

Question 74

On which structure would you expect to find a body map? ​

A)frontal lobe
B)temporal lobe
C)occipital lobe
D)thalamus
E)brain stem ​

Question 75

What structure is most important for skill memories? ​

A)frontal lobe
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala
E)cerebellum ​

Question 76

What structure connects the sensory and emotional components of declarative memories? ​

A)frontal lobe
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala
E)cerebellum ​

Question 77

After consolidation, long term memories are stored in the ____. ​

A)cerebral cortex
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)amygdala
E)cerebellum ​

Question 78

Which imaging technique measures states of consciousness? ​

A)fMRI
B)MRI
C)EEG
D)PET scan
E)CAT scan ​

Question 79

The disorder associated with a loss of dopamine producing cells is ____. ​

A)epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)meningitis
E)multiple sclerosis ​

Question 80

In order to connect emotions to behavioral responses, the limbic system works intimately with the ____. ​

A)brain stem
B)thalamus
C)occipital lobe
D)cerebellum
E)prefrontal cortex ​