Deck 14: Sensory Systems

Question 1

Receptors that detect tissue damage are classified as ____. ​

A)photoreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)thermoreceptors
E)nociceptors ​

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Free nerve endings in the skin detect ____. ​

A)steady touch
B)steady pressure
C)vibrations
D)movements of individual hairs
E)deep pressure ​

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which receptors would be involved in NaCl homeostasis? ​

A)photoreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)thermoreceptors
E)osmoreceptors ​

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The understanding of the significance of a stimulus is ____.

A)threshold
B)sensation
C)transduction
D)perception
E)action potential

Question 5

Which aspect of sensory transduction relates to the stimulus strength? ​

A)action potential frequency
B)action potential size
C)the neural pathway followed
D)receptive field size
E)the brain region stimulated ​

Question 6

Which receptor is involved in detecting changes in body position? ​

A)Pacinian corpuscle
B)free nerve endings
C)muscle spindle
D)Merkel's discs
E)Meissner's corpuscle ​

Question 7

Spinal cord neurons processing pain information release ____. ​

A)substance P
B)bradykinins
C)prostaglandins
D)histamine
E)acetylcholine ​

Question 8

The diminished response to an ongoing stimulus is ____.

A)threshold
B)sensation
C)transduction
D)perception
E)sensory adaptation

Question 9

Which body part is most sensitive to somatosensory stimuli? ​

A)arm
B)palm of hand
C)cheeks
D)back of hand
E)tip of tongue ​

Question 10

Which chemicals are natural pain suppressors? ​

A)substance P
B)bradykinins
C)prostaglandins
D)histamine
E)endorphins ​

Question 11

Pain from an internal organ is known as ____. ​

A)referenced pain
B)phantom pain
C)somatic pain
D)dermatomes
E)visceral pain ​

Question 12

Pain receptors are classified as ____. ​

A)Pacinian corpuscle
B)free nerve endings
C)muscle spindle
D)Merkel's discs
E)Meissner's corpuscle ​

Question 13

Somatic sensations include all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)hearing
B)touch
C)pain
D)temperature
E)pressure ​

Question 14

Smell and taste receptors would be classified as ____. ​

A)photoreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)thermoreceptors
E)nociceptors ​

Question 15

Which term refers to a form of energy that activates receptor endings of sensory neurons?

A)threshold
B)sensation
C)transduction
D)stimulus
E)action potential

Question 16

The somatosensory cortex is housed in the ____. ​

A)spinal cord
B)temporal lobe
C)frontal lobe
D)parietal lobe
E)cerebellum

Question 17

Two separate neural signals move across different sensory neurons. Which aspect of the two separate systems is identical? ​

A)action potential frequency
B)action potential size
C)the neural pathway followed
D)the number of axons activated
E)the brain region stimulated ​

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of both taste and smell receptors? ​

A)respond to airborne chemicals
B)receptors constantly replaced
C)information passes through thalamus
D)perception occurs in cerebral cortex
E)information integrated with emotional states ​

Question 19

A dendrite of a sensory neuron is classified as a(n)____. ​

A)free nerve ending
B)encapsulated receptor
C)sensory receptor
D)sensory stimulus
E)tertiary sensory neuron ​

Question 20

The conscious awareness of a stimulus is ____.

A)threshold
B)sensation
C)transduction
D)perception
E)action potential

Question 21

The hair cells for hearing are housed in the ____. ​

A)cochlea
B)semicircular canals
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)auditory nerve ​

Question 22

The cilia of auditory hair cells are embedded in the ____. ​

A)tectorial membrane
B)semicircular canals
C)cochlear duct
D)scala tympani
E)scala vestibuli ​

Question 23

The stapes is directly connected to the ____. ​

A)cochlea
B)oval window
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)auditory nerve ​

Question 24

Which inner ear structure determines pitch selection? ​

A)tectorial membrane
B)ear drum
C)scala tympani
D)middle ear bone
E)basilar membrane ​

Question 25

Sound waves enter the ear through the ____. ​

A)cochlea
B)auditory canal
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)auditory nerve ​

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a primary taste? ​

A)sour
B)creamy
C)umami
D)sweet
E)bitter ​

Question 27

Pheromones are detected in the ____. ​

A)nasal epithelium
B)vomeronasal organ
C)olfactory bulb
D)thalamus
E)cerebral cortex ​

Question 28

What serves as a pressure release valve for the force of the air waves passing through the cochlea? ​

A)Eustachian tube
B)oval window
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)auditory nerve ​

Question 29

Resting on top of the basilar membrane is the ____. ​

A)organ of Corti
B)semicircular canals
C)cochlear duct
D)scala tympani
E)scala vestibuli ​

Question 30

The sense of balance relies on information from all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)eyes
B)cochlea
C)skin
D)joints
E)vestibular apparatus ​

Question 31

The basilar membrane makes up the floor of the ____. ​

A)middle ear
B)semicircular canals
C)cochlear duct
D)scala tympani
E)scala vestibuli ​

Question 32

Which structure runs from the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize air pressure? ​

A)cochlea
B)auditory canal
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)Eustachian tube ​

Question 33

As sound waves begin at the oval window the pressure wave next travels in the ____. ​

A)middle ear
B)semicircular canals
C)cochlear duct
D)scala tympani
E)scala vestibuli

Question 34

Taste buds ____. ​

A)interact directly with taste stimuli
B)are found on the tip of the tongue
C)send axons directly to the cerebral cortex
D)house cells that contain axons
E)contain taste receptor cells ​

Question 35

Where within the nervous system do cells determine the exact nature of an odor sensation? ​

A)nasal passages
B)nasal epithelium
C)olfactory bulb
D)thalamus
E)cerebral cortex ​

Question 36

When auditory hair cells bend they ____. ​

A)produce action potentials
B)are inhibited
C)release neurotransmitters
D)cause a pressure wave to strike the eardrum
E)inhibit the auditory nerve ​

Question 37

The eardrum is directly connected to the ____. ​

A)cochlea
B)malleus
C)tympanic membrane
D)round window
E)stapes ​

Question 38

The amplitude of a sound wave corresponds to ____. ​

A)loudness
B)direction
C)frequency
D)timbre
E)pressure ​

Question 39

Taste cells that respond to sour specifically interact with ____. ​

A)sodium ions
B)hydrogen ions
C)quinine
D)sugars
E)glutamate ​

Question 40

Taste cells that respond to umami specifically interact with ____. ​

A)sodium ions
B)hydrogen ions
C)quinine
D)sugars
E)glutamate ​

Question 41

Night blindness results from a deficiency in ____. ​

A)rhodamine
B)cytochromes
C)phytochromes
D)retinal
E)vitamin A ​

Question 42

Hair cells of the inner ear begin to show damage when exposed to sound louder than ____. ​

A)20-30 decibels
B)40-50 decibels
C)55-65 decibels
D)75-85 decibels
E)100 decibels ​

Question 43

The receptors that detect head rotation ____. ​

A)are located in the cochlea
B)are located in the utricle
C)are found at the base of each semicircular canal
D)respond best to straight line acceleration
E)are contained in an air-filled space ​

Question 44

Children with short Eustachian tubes are susceptible to ____. ​

A)otitis media
B)tinnitus
C)congenital deafness
D)vertigo
E)nerve deafness ​

Question 45

Which of the following is characteristic of cones? ​

A)night vision
B)dim light
C)perception of color
D)coarse perception of movements
E)found in optic disc ​

Question 46

Which of the following cells are NOT part of the retina? ​

A)amacrine cells
B)horizontal cells
C)bipolar cells
D)vertical cells
E)ganglion cells ​

Question 47

The visual pigment in rods ____. ​

A)works best in bright light
B)is more diverse than that found in cones
C)is found in the fovea
D)is called rhodopsin
E)absorbs red light ​

Question 48

The receptors that detect linear motion ____. ​

A)have cilia embedded in a cupula
B)are located in the utricle and sacculae
C)are found at the base of each semicircular canal
D)respond best to spinning movements
E)are contained in an air-filled space ​

Question 49

When viewing a nearby object ____. ​

A)the focal point is centered on the optic disc
B)the focal point moves farther away
C)the ciliary body muscle is contracted
D)the lens flattens
E)parallel light rays strike the retina ​

Question 50

Which structure controls lens shape? ​

A)cornea
B)sclera
C)iris
D)ciliary body
E)fovea ​

Question 51

Information from the right visual field is ____. ​

A)carried into the thalamus by the optic chiasm
B)detected by both eyes
C)sent directly to the visual cortex
D)processed by the right visual cortex
E)carried by the left optic nerve ​

Question 52

The aqueous humor ____. ​

A)is in contact with the retina
B)supports the lens
C)is formed by the vitreous body
D)is found between the choroid and retina
E)bathes both sides of the lens ​

Question 53

Which structure adjusts to control the intensity of incoming light? ​

A)cornea
B)sclera
C)iris
D)ciliary body
E)fovea ​

Question 54

Nerve impulses from the vestibular apparatus travel to reflex centers in the ____. ​

A)spinal cord
B)brain stem
C)cerebral cortex
D)hypothalamus
E)thalamus ​

Question 55

On which portion of the visual system is the image upside down and backwards? ​

A)cornea
B)lens
C)retina
D)occipital lobe
E)visual cortex ​

Question 56

Visual pigments are made from opsin and ____. ​

A)rhodamine
B)cytochromes
C)phytochromes
D)retinal
E)vitamin D ​

Question 57

The structure in the retina containing cone cells is the ____. ​

A)cornea
B)optic disc
C)iris
D)ciliary body
E)fovea ​

Question 58

Axons forming the optic nerve are derived from ____. ​

A)amacrine cells
B)horizontal cells
C)bipolar cells
D)vertical cells
E)ganglion cells ​

Question 59

The structure responsible for detecting linear motion is the ____. ​

A)cochlea
B)semicircular canals
C)cupula
D)auditory nerve
E)otolith organ ​

Question 60

The transparent anterior portion of the eye is the ____. ​

A)cornea
B)sclera
C)iris
D)ciliary body
E)fovea ​

Question 65

Which condition is also known as nearsightedness? ​

A)red-green color blindness
B)astigmatism
C)hyperopia
D)myopia
E)cataracts ​

Question 66

In which condition must the eye often be removed to prevent the spread of the disease? ​

A)conjunctivitis
B)malignant melanoma
C)retinoblastoma
D)macular degeneration
E)herpes infection ​

Question 68

Explain how sound entering the ear produces action potentials in the auditory nerve. ​

Question 69

The most common form of eye cancer is ____. ​

A)conjunctivitis
B)malignant melanoma
C)retinoblastoma
D)macular degeneration
E)glaucoma ​

Question 70

The most common inherited visual abnormality is ____. ​

A)red-green color blindness
B)astigmatism
C)hyperopia
D)myopia
E)cataracts ​

Question 71

The visual deficit related to a misshapen cornea is ____. ​

A)red-green color blindness
B)astigmatism
C)hyperopia
D)myopia
E)cataracts ​