Deck 12: The Urinary System

Question 1

For a healthy, adult female what percentage of her body weight is water? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)40 percent
D)50 percent
E)60 percent ​

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The body gains fluids by four of the following means. Which one is the exception? ​

A)foods
B)liquids
C)cellular respiration reactions
D)respiratory ventilation of gases
E)condensation reactions ​

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Four of the following are found in the fluid within the Bowman's capsule. Which one would NOT be found? ​

A)proteins
B)water
C)glucose
D)NaCl
E)vitamins ​

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most common metabolic waste product is ____. ​

A)urea
B)carbon dioxide
C)ammonia
D)oxygen
E)electrolytes ​

Question 5

After being filtered blood leaves the glomerular capillaries through the ____. ​

A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)afferent arteriole
D)efferent arteriole
E)peritubular capillaries ​

Question 6

On a daily basis what percentage of the water the kidneys filter is excreted in urine? ​

A)1 percent ​
B)10 percent
C)20 percent
D)50 percent
E)100 percent ​

Question 7

Which of the following is considered "insensible" water loss? ​

A)urine excretion
B)evaporation from lungs
C)metabolic reactions
D)sweating
E)elimination of feces ​

Question 8

In the liver, carbon dioxide and ammonia are combined to form the less toxic waste product ____. ​

A)urea
B)water
C)creatine
D)sulfuric acid
E)phosphoric acid ​

Question 9

The kidneys perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____. ​

A)renin production
B)removal of wastes
C)regulation of fluid volume
D)activation of vitamin A
E)stimulates red blood cell production ​

Question 10

Of all the ways the fluid is removed from the body, the one which is most regulated is ____. ​

A)urine excretion
B)evaporation from lungs
C)metabolic reactions
D)sweating
E)elimination of feces ​

Question 11

Which metabolic waste product is so toxic it must be converted into other forms before the kidney can excrete it? ​

A)urea
B)carbon dioxide
C)ammonia
D)oxygen
E)electrolytes ​

Question 12

Urine moves from the kidney to the urinary bladder through the ____. ​

A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)urethra
D)nephron
E)ureter ​

Question 13

For a healthy adult, which compartment contains the most fluid? ​

A)extracellular
B)plasma
C)interstitial
D)intracellular
E)pericardial ​

Question 14

What percentage of the urea filtered by the kidneys is excreted in the urine? ​

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
E)100 percent ​

Question 15

Fluid filtered from glomerular capillaries immediately flows into the ____. ​

A)proximal tubule
B)distal tubule
C)Bowman's capsule
D)loop of Henle
E)collecting ducts ​

Question 16

The kidney's central urine collecting cavity is known as the ____. ​

A)pelvis
B)capsule
C)cortex
D)medulla
E)nephron ​

Question 17

The urine-producing unit of the kidney is the ____. ​

A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)urethra
D)nephron
E)ureter ​

Question 18

Urine moves from the urinary bladder to the external environment through the ____. ​

A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)urethra
D)nephron
E)ureter ​

Question 19

The body loses fluids by four of the following means. Which is the exception? ​

A)urine
B)evaporation from lungs
C)retention of salts
D)sweating
E)elimination of feces ​

Question 20

The efferent arterioles give rise to the ____. ​

A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)afferent arteriole
D)ureter
E)peritubular capillaries ​

Question 21

Fluid entering which nephron portion is more dilute than normal body fluids? ​

A)Bowman's capsule
B)proximal tubule
C)descending limb of loop of Henle ​
D)ascending limb of loop of Henle
E)collecting ducts ​

Question 22

Which of the following is the target for aldosterone? ​

A)proximal tubules
B)loop of Henle
C)distal tubules
D)renin
E)angiotensin II ​

Question 23

The majority of tubular reabsorption takes place in the ____. ​

A)glomerulus
B)proximal tubules
C)loop of Henle ​
D)distal tubules
E)collecting ducts ​

Question 24

Which hormone stimulates the distal tubules to reabsorb more sodium? ​

A)ADH
B)renin
C)angiotensin I
D)angiotensin II
E)aldosterone ​

Question 25

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex? ​

A)ADH
B)renin
C)angiotensin I
D)angiotensin II
E)aldosterone ​

Question 26

The salt gradient created by the kidney tubules ____. ​

A)occurs only in the proximal tubules
B)inhibits the reabsorption of water
C)draws water out of the ascending arm of the loop of Henle
D)occurs only within the kidney cortex
E)drives the reabsorption of other solutes and water ​

Question 27

The major driving force for glomerular filtration is ____. ​

A)blood pressure
B)partial pressure
C)osmosis
D)diffusion
E)active transport

Question 28

During the urination reflex, voluntary control is directed at the ____. ​

A)bladder
B)external urethral sphincter
C)internal urethral sphincter
D)internal ureter sphincter
E)renal cortex ​

Question 29

Which substance is never secreted? ​

A)uric acid
B)drug metabolites
C)glucose
D)H⁺
E)K⁺ ​

Question 30

Four of the following are found in the fluid in the fluid at the end of the proximal tubules. Which one would NOT be found? ​

A)H⁺
B)water
C)glucose
D)NaCl
E)urea ​

Question 31

After being filtered, which substance is normally completely reabsorbed? ​

A)salts
B)water
C)glucose
D)H⁺
E)urea ​

Question 32

In which portion of the nephron do hormones control water and salt reabsorption? ​

A)glomerulus
B)proximal tubules
C)loop of Henle
D)distal tubules
E)Bowman's capsule ​

Question 33

Which substance usually undergoes tubular secretion? ​

A)salts
B)water
C)glucose
D)H⁺
E)urea ​

Question 34

Which portion of the nephron is not permeable to water? ​

A)Bowman's capsule
B)proximal tubule
C)descending limb of loop of Henle
D)ascending limb of loop of Henle
E)collecting ducts ​

Question 35

Which of the following would occur in a time of severe dehydration? ​

A)decreased water reabsorption
B)increased urine production
C)elevated ADH levels
D)decreased aldosterone levels
E)decreased renin production ​

Question 36

Tubular secretion takes place in the ____. ​

A)glomerulus ​
B)Bowman's capsule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal tubules
E)collecting ducts ​

Question 37

In terms of blood pressure regulation, the kidneys control ____. ​

A)intracellular volume
B)thirst
C)sweating
D)extracellular volume
E)arteriole constriction ​

Question 38

Which substance is reabsorbed in the descending limb of the loop of Henle? ​

A)salts
B)water
C)glucose
D)H⁺
E)urea ​

Question 39

Renin is produced by cells in the ____. ​

A)glomerulus
B)Bowman's capsule
C)juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)efferent arteriole
E)peritubular capillaries ​

Question 40

When a substance is reabsorbed by the kidney, it moves from the nephron tubule into the ____. ​

A)glomerulus
B)peritubular capillaries
C)afferent arteriole
D)efferent arteriole
E)renal artery ​

Question 41

____________________ is a general terms used to describe disorders that can lead to kidney failure. ​

Question 42

Deposits of uric acid and calcium salts that settle out of urine can produce ____________________.

Question 43

The only organ that can permanently rid the body of excess H⁺ is the ____. ​

A)kidney
B)lungs
C)skin
D)liver
E)spleen ​

Question 44

Wastes and excess ions are moved from the blood into the filtrate in the process of ____________________. ​

Question 45

____________________ is an inherited disorders in which cysts form in the kidneys. ​

Question 46

The procedure lithotripsy is used to treat ____. ​

A)chronic hypertension
B)metabolic acidosis
C)hemodialysis
D)polycystic kidney disease
E)kidney stones ​

Question 47

Urinary tract infections ____. ​

A)are caused by heavy alcohol use
B)are secondary to viral kidney infections
C)usually result in kidney stones
D)are associated with STDs
E)are associated with over-the-counter painkillers ​

Question 48

Which of the following might cause metabolic acidosis? ​

A)vomiting
B)overuse of antacids
C)hormonal disorders
D)increased carbon dioxide excretion
E)kidney failure causing decreased H⁺ excretion ​

Question 49

The first step in urine formation ____________________ takes places across glomerular capillaries. ​

Question 50

Filtrate leaving the Bowman's capsule enters the ____________________. ​

Question 51

Which of the following disorders is classified under the general term glomerulornephritis? ​

A)chronic hypertension
B)metabolic acidosis
C)hemodialysis
D)polycystic kidney disease
E)aldosterone deficiency ​

Question 52

The normal pH of body fluids is ____. ​

A)acidic
B)always 7.0
C)slightly basic
D)in the 6.0-8.0 range
E)controlled primarily by water balance ​

Question 53

One of the most common of all childhood cancers is ____. ​

A)Wilms tumor
B)cystitis
C)glomerulornephritis
D)adenocarcinoma
E)pyelonephritis ​

Question 54

Which of the following might cause metabolic alkalosis? ​

A)diarrhea
B)kidney failure
C)vomiting
D)increased metabolism
E)decreased H⁺ excretion ​

Question 55

Glucose and other nutrients are moved from the filtrate back into the blood by the process of ____________________. ​

Question 56

The portion of the nephron that enters and exits the renal medulla is the ____________________. ​

Question 57

When blood pressure falls the kidney releases the enzyme ____________________. ​

Question 58

Blood leaving the efferent arteriole enters the ____________________. ​

Question 59

The procedure in which a patient's blood is sent into a filter to be cleaned and then returned to the body is ____. ​

A)peritoneal dialysis
B)hemodialysis
C)uro-dialysis
D)lithotripsy dialysis
E)hydro-dialysis ​

Question 60

When the blood becomes acidic, the kidneys ____. ​

A)produce extra bicarbonate
B)reabsorb H⁺
C)secrete carbon dioxide
D)produce water
E)remove blood buffers ​

Question 62

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

renal medulla ​

Question 63

Match the urinary structures to the statements below. 

urine storage site ​

Question 64

Match the urinary structures to the statements below. 

a kidney stone might block urine flow here ​

Question 66

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

ureter ​

Question 68

Explain how aldosterone and ADH work together to compensate for dehydration. ​

Question 69

Match the urinary structures to the statements below. 

urine elimination pathway ​

Question 70

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

renal capsule ​

Question 71

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

urine collects here ​

Question 72

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

renal vein ​

Question 73

Match the urinary structures to the statements below. 

composed of nephrons ​

Question 74

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

renal cortex ​

Question 75

Match the kidney structure to the statement below. 

renal artery ​