Deck 18: Cell Reproduction

Question 1

The typical number of chromosomes in humans is ____.

A)12
B)23
C)46
D)69
E)92

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Chromosome number for a species is 34. When a cell divides by mitosis, the daughter cells have how many chromosomes?

A)17
B)34
C)51
D)68
E)119

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The process by which a parent cell or organism produces a new individual cell or whole organism is ____.

A)antigens
B)albumens
C)haptens
D)histones
E)centrioles

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Human diploid cells have how many chromosomes?

A)12
B)23
C)46
D)69
E)92

Question 5

The part of interphase when DNA is copied is the ____.

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 6

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are part of which larger phase?

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 7

The series of events during which a newly formed cell grows and divides is ____.

A)the cell cycle
B)reproduction
C)meiosis
D)M phase
E)S phase

Question 8

DNA wrapped twice around a protein core form a ____.

A)chromosome
B)gene
C)chromatin
D)nucelosome
E)chromatid

Question 9

Human haploid cells have how many chromosomes?

A)12
B)23
C)46
D)69
E)92

Question 10

The part of interphase after chromosomes are duplicated is the ____.

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 11

Human chromosomes pair XX or XY are classified as ____.

A)centrosomes
B)somatosomes
C)sex chromosomes
D)autosomes
E)corposomes

Question 12

Chromosome number for a species is 34. When a cell divides by meiosis the daughter cells have how many chromosomes?

A)17
B)34
C)51​
D)68
E)119

Question 13

The combination of DNA and its associated proteins is a(n)____.

A)gene
B)nucleolus
C)centriole
D)chromosome
E)allele

Question 14

Human chromosomes numbered 1-22 are classified as ____.

A)centrosomes
B)somatosomes
C)sex chromosomes
D)autosomes
E)corposomes

Question 15

The process by which a parent cell or organism produces a new individual cell or whole organism is ____.

A)life cycle
B)cell division
C)coitus
D)reproduction
E)mutation

Question 16

As a cell prepares to divide, it makes copies of each chromosome in the form of ____.

A)sister chromatids
B)sister chromosomes
C)chromatin
D)genes
E)centromeres

Question 17

The part of interphase when the cell grows is the ____.

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 18

A cell spends the least amount of time in which phase?

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 19

The 23 paired corresponding chromosomes, one from each parent are called ____.

A)haploid pairs
B)homologous chromosomes
C)"n" pairs
D)X and Y chromosomes
E)sex chromosomes

Question 20

At which phase do built-in checkpoints stop the cell cycle from proceeding?

A)G1 phase
B)S phase
C)G2 phase
D)M phase
E)R phase

Question 21

If ionizing radiation affects a germ cell then ____.

A)no sperm or eggs will be made
B)more eggs and sperm than normal will be produced
C)sperm and eggs will contain the diploid number of chromosomes
D)damage to the DNA will be inherited by an infant causing genetic defects
E)no problems will arise

Question 22

During which phase are sister chromatids separated?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 23

The transitional period between which two phases has its own name?

A)prophase-metaphase
B)metaphase-anaphase
C)anaphase-telophase
D)telophase-metaphase
E)prophase-anaphase

Question 24

The purpose of irradiating foods is to ____.

A)increase the vitamin content
B)increase the mineral content
C)destroy harmful bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms
D)limit spoilage
E)both destroy harmful bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms and limit spoilage

Question 25

During which phase are the duplicated chromosomes lined up midway between two spindles?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 26

Ionizing radiation includes all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A)x-rays
B)cosmic rays from outer space
C)radio waves
D)visible light
E)microwaves

Question 27

Radioactive radon gas is emitted from ____.

A)rocks and soil
B)medical x-rays
C)cosmic radiation
D)nuclear medicine
E)uranium mines

Question 28

During which phase does the nuclear envelope begin to break down?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 29

Microfilaments are made from what protein?

A)myosin
B)actin
C)troponin
D)histones
E)chromatin

Question 30

One of the major differences between meiosis and mitosis is that in meiosis ____.

A)there are two consecutive divisions
B)DNA is not replicated
C)diploid cells are formed
D)cells with 46 chromosomes are formed
E)all body cells are formed

Question 31

The divisions of the cytoplasm occur ____.

A)after prophase
B)between prophase and metaphase
C)after anaphase
D)after telophase
E)between anaphase and telophase

Question 32

Ionizing radiation that can harm living cells does so by ____.

A)creating chemical compounds
B)lysing lysosomes
C)removing electrons from atoms to create positive ions
D)creating buffers
E)destroying buffers

Question 33

The division of the plasma membrane begins with a(n)____.

A)exocytosis reaction
B)cleavage furrow
C)membrane slice
D)membrane ridge
E)cleavage cycle

Question 34

When a person receives a sudden, large dose of ionizing radiation, all of the following might be expected to occur EXCEPT ____.

A)serious infections
B)intestinal hemorrhages
C)anemia
D)wounds that do not heal
E)increased antibody production

Question 35

During which phase does a nuclear membrane form around each of the two nuclei?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 36

There is no interphase between ____.

A)mitosis and meiosis
B)meiosis I and meiosis II
C)fertilization and meiosis
D)meiosis and fertilization
E)mitosis I and mitosis II

Question 37

Mitosis begins with which phase?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 38

The end of mitosis is determined by the end of which phase?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 39

What protein forms ring around the membrane pinching the cell into two separate cells?

A)myosin
B)microfilaments
C)troponin
D)histones
E)chromatin

Question 40

What is the result of meiosis?

A)2 diploid cells
B)4 diploid cells
C)2 haploid cells
D)4 haploid cells
E)1 haploid cell

Question 41

Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?

A)anaphase I
B)telophase II
C)anaphase II
D)prophase I
E)metaphase II

Question 42

During which phase of gamete production do duplicated chromosomes line up pair to pair?

A)meiosis I
B)meiosis II
C)fertilization
D)mitosis I
E)mitosis II

Question 43

Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are called ____.

A)genetomorphs
B)alleles
C)mutants
D)chromatids
E)homologous

Question 44

The stages of meiosis I are virtually the same as the stages of mitosis. The one major difference is ____.

A)the homologous chromosomes line up opposite each other during metaphase
B)there is no anaphase in meiosis I
C)there is no prophase in meiosis I
D)the homologous chromosomes line up next to each other during metaphase
E)the homologous chromosomes line up at opposite ends of the spindle equator

Question 45

Major gene reshuffling takes place during ____.

A)prophase I
B)metaphase I
C)anaphase I
D)metaphase II
E)anaphase II

Question 46

Which cell is NOT haploid?

A)polar bodies
B)primary oocyte
C)secondary spermatocyte
D)spermatids
E)sperm

Question 47

Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are known as ____.

A)mother chromosomes
B)daughter chromosomes
C)sister chromatids
D)homologous chromatids
E)analogous genes

Question 48

In prophase I of spermatogenesis, there are ____ chromatids.

A)23
B)46
C)69
D)92
E)115

Question 49

Which phase results in the ovum and a polar body?

A)meiosis I
B)meiosis II
C)fertilization
D)mitosis I
E)mitosis II

Question 50

During which phase of gamete production do sister chromatids separate?

A)meiosis I
B)meiosis II
C)fertilization
D)mitosis I
E)mitosis II

Question 51

Which does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?

A)cytokinesis
B)formation of groups of four chromatids
C)homologue pairing
D)crossing over
E)condensation of chromatin

Question 52

Pairing of homologues and crossing over occur during ____.

A)anaphase I
B)metaphase II
C)prophase I
D)prophase II
E)telophase II

Question 53

The cell itself begins to elongate during which phase of meiosis?

A)prophase I
B)metaphase I
C)anaphase I
D)telophase I
E)metaphase II

Question 54

Which is NOT true of human chromosomes?

A)The haploid number is 23.
B)The diploid number is 46.
C)There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D)Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
E)Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

Question 55

Sperm are formed directly from the maturation of ____.

A)sperm mother cells
B)spermatids
C)spermatogonia
D)primary spermatocytes
E)secondary spermatocytes

Question 56

Homologous chromosomes may swap segments of genetic information during which phase of meiosis?

A)metaphase I
B)metaphase II
C)prophase I
D)prophase II
E)anaphase I

Question 57

An x-shaped appearance of chromosomes during the process of meiosis provides evidence of ____.

A)irradiation damage
B)crossing over
C)chromosomal aberration
D)fertilization
E)spindle fiber formation

Question 58

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during ____.

A)metaphase I
B)telophase I
C)prophase II
D)metaphase II
E)anaphase II

Question 59

The mature ovum is produced by maturation of the ____.

A)oogonia
B)primary oocyte
C)primary polar body
D)secondary oocyte
E)secondary polar body

Question 60

Crossing over ____.

A)generally results in binary fission
B)involves nucleoli
C)involves breakages and exchanges being made between sister chromatids
D)results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells
E)is the same as disjunction

Question 64

The human germ cell line (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes)allows for how many combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes every time a gamete is produced?

A)2²³
B)23²
C)8
D)8, 000
E)23

Question 65

The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is so that gametes receive a haploid set of chromosomes is ____________________.

Question 66

The constricted area where sister chromatids are attached is the ____________________.

Question 67

A paired corresponding chromosome, one from each parent are called ____________________.

Question 68

Explain how oogenesis is different than spermatogenesis.

Question 69

The most common form of ionizing radiation is ____________________.

Question 70

What process does NOT produce variation?

A)crossing over
B)random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
C)mitosis
D)genetic recombination of alleles
E)sexual reproduction

Question 71

____________________ radiation includes various forms of potentially harmful types of electromagnetic energy.

Question 72

A(n)____________________ is the area of a dividing's cell's membrane where microfilaments pull the membrane inward.

Question 73

____________________ is when a parent cell produces a new generations of cells.

Question 74

The swapping of corresponding segments between homologous chromosomes is ____________________.

Question 75

The division of cytoplasm is ____________________. ​

Question 76

The typical number of ____________________ in humans is 46.