Deck 21: DNA Genes and Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?

A)thymine
B)phosphate
C)adenine
D)ribose
E)guanine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Where in the DNA molecule are hydrogen bonds?

A)between sugars
B)between phosphates
C)between sugar and phosphate
D)between bases
E)in the backbone

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Because DNA replication takes place at an extremely rapid rate, a cell must repair breaks in a strand of DNA up to approximately how many times in an hour?

A)10
B)1,000
C)10,000
D)200,000
E)2,000,000

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which genetic disorder is caused by an expansion mutation?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)muscular dystrophy
C)color-blindness
D)fragile X syndrome
E)sickle-cell anemia

Question 5

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by ____.

A)an RNA error
B)expansion mutation
C)deletion mutation
D)fragile X syndrome
E)a base-pair substitution mutation

Question 6

Which genetic disorder is associated with DNA repair issues?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)Werner's syndrome
D)Will's disease
E)cystic fibrosis

Question 7

Which of the following might cause a gene mutation?

A)insertion of one additional nucleotide
B)adenine changing to uracil
C)thymine changing to uracil
D)addition of a chromosome
E)loss of a chromosome

Question 8

An altered gene ____.

A)is a mutation
B)is always harmful
C)always changes the protein
D)occurs only during meiosis
E)only occurs during base-pairing substitutions

Question 9

The nucleotide sequence of a gene is ____.

A)made from amino acids
B)found in the DNA backbone
C)found on both sides of the DNA molecule
D)codes the sequence of amino acids for a polypeptide
E)larger than a chromosome

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?

A)deoxyribose
B)phosphate
C)adenine
D)uracil
E)guanine

Question 11

DNA replication is described as ____.

A)hemiconservative
B)conservative
C)double stranded
D)semiconservative
E)conserved

Question 12

If a DNA sequence on one side of the strand is ATCGATG, what is the corresponding sequence?

A)TAGCTAC
B)UAGCUAC
C)TUGCUTC
D)ATCGATG
E)TTACGTC

Question 13

In DNA the amount of adenine equals the amount of ____.

A)guanine
B)thymine
C)cytosine
D)uracil
E)tyrosine

Question 14

The basic building blocks of DNA are ____.

A)proteins
B)fats
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides
E)phosphates and sugars

Question 15

Each strand of the DNA molecule serves what function during DNA replication?

A)source of amino acids
B)source of bases
C)enzymatic function
D)DNA unwinding
E)DNA template

Question 16

During DNA replication, which enzymes unwind DNA?

A)DNA polymerase
B)DNA reducatase
C)DNA replicase
D)DNA helicase
E)DNA-RNA synthase

Question 17

The double helix structure describes the shape of ____.

A)RNA
B)proteins
C)three dimensional proteins
D)DNA
E)ribosomes

Question 18

Which DNA base pairing is incorrect?

A)A-T
B)A-U
C)G-C
D)C-G
E)T-A

Question 19

Which genetic disorder is an inborn error of metabolism?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)Werner's syndrome
D)Will's disease
E)alkaptonuria

Question 20

The scientists credited for the discovery of DNA are ____.

A)Smith and Jones
B)Heisnberg and Frizt
C)Watson and Crick
D)Singer and Nicholson
E)Franklin and Ramsey

Question 21

The molecule that carries amino acids during translation is ____.

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
E)RNA polymerase

Question 22

If a DNA sequence is ATC, what is the sequence in the molecule produced during transcription?

A)UAG
B)TAG
C)ATC
D)AUG
E)AUC

Question 23

Making a protein from mRNA is known as ____.

A)translation
B)transcription
C)polymerase
D)replication
E)promoter ​

Question 24

The genes for hemoglobin ____.

A)are found only in red blood cells
B)are never regulated
C)contain only introns
D)are turned off in a small percentage of body cells
E)are found in all body cells

Question 25

Which portion of DNA serves as the starting point for a gene?

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)codon
D)transcript
E)polymerase

Question 26

A set of three consecutive bases in mRNA is known as a(n)____.

A)triplet
B)codon
C)anti-codon
D)codex
E)tri-codon

Question 27

Splicing of mRNA removes which of the following?

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)introns
D)transcript
E)exon

Question 28

Splicing of mRNA ____.

A)takes place in the nucleus
B)involves removing the nucleotide cap
C)involves removing exons leaving behind introns
D)occurs prior to transcription
E)occurs after translation

Question 29

Which molecule ultimately gets translated into a protein?

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
E)RNA polymerase

Question 30

Which nucleic acid is a major part of ribosomes?

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
E)RNA polymerase

Question 31

The final RNA strand made during transcription is known as a(n)____.

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)codon
D)transcript
E)anti-codon

Question 32

Which molecules influence the rate of transcription?

A)RNA polymerase
B)regulatory proteins
C)exons
D)DNA
E)promoters

Question 33

Which of the following is characteristic of transcription?

A)occurs in cytoplasm
B)utilizes DNA polymerase
C)produces a single-stranded molecule
D)produces new DNA
E)produces a protein

Question 34

The relationship between DNA and RNA is ____.

A)antagonistic
B)opposite
C)exact duplicate
D)complementary
E)unrelated

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of RNA?

A)single stranded
B)ribose sugar
C)found only in the nucleus
D)uracil base
E)does not contain thymine

Question 36

Making mRNA from DNA is known as ____.

A)translation
B)transcription
C)polymerase
D)replication
E)promoter

Question 37

What are the non-coding sequences in pre-mRNA? ​

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)introns
D)transcript
E)exon

Question 38

The nucleotide sequence in mRNA that carries the protein-building instructions is the ____.

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)introns
D)transcript
E)exon

Question 39

Which portion of mRNA protects the strand and serves as a ribosome attachment site?

A)promoter
B)nucleotide cap
C)codon
D)transcript
E)polymerase

Question 40

During transcription, which molecule is made?

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
E)RNA polymerase

Question 41

The first amino acid delivered during translation is ____.

A)tyrosine
B)alanine
C)proline
D)methionine
E)valine

Question 42

How many codons exist in the genetic code?

A)3
B)9
C)16
D)64
E)128

Question 43

Recombinant DNA is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A)genetic engineering
B)new biological techniques
C)restriction enzymes
D)bacterial plasmids
E)viral infections

Question 44

The small circular molecules of DNA in bacteria are known as ____.

A)plasmids
B)desmids
C)primers
D)clones
E)microparticles

Question 45

Which process takes place in the cytoplasm?

A)DNA replication
B)transcription
C)duplication
D)translation
E)transition

Question 46

Codons correspond to how many different amino acids?

A)3
B)9
C)16
D)20
E)128

Question 47

If a DNA triplet is ATC, what is the corresponding tRNA anti-codon?

A)ATC
B)UAG
C)AUC
D)UAC
E)TAG

Question 48

During translation which molecule is formed?

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)proteins
E)ribosomes

Question 49

One of the stop codons to signal the end of the codon message is ____.

A)AAA
B)TTT
C)AUG
D)GUA
E)UAG

Question 50

The molecule that forms temporary structures where proteins are assembled is ____.

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)tRNA
E)dRNA

Question 51

Of all the different codons that exist, three of them ____.

A)are involved in mutations
B)do not specify a particular amino acid
C)cannot be copied
D)determine amino acids, and in addition, also provide punctuation or instructions such as "stop"
E)do not specify a particular amino acid, but do provide punctuation or instructions such as "stop"

Question 52

If three consecutive bases in DNA are ATC, what is the corresponding codon?

A)UUG
B)TAC
C)ATC
D)TAG
E)UAG

Question 53

The start codon is ____. The start codon is ____.

A)AAA
B)TTT
C)AUG
D)GUA
E)UUU ​

Question 54

In which phase of translation are peptide bonds formed?

A)replication
B)transcription
C)initiation
D)elongation
E)termination

Question 55

Each codon consists of how many bases?

A)3
B)9
C)16
D)64
E)128

Question 56

In which type of cell would you likely find polysomes?

A)endocrine cells
B)oocytes
C)sperm
D)inactive skin cell
E)red blood cells

Question 57

A polysome is ____.

A)one of the units of a ribosome
B)the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA
C)an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis
D)the two units of a ribosome considered together
E)an mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached

Question 58

Which molecule contains anticodons?

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)tRNA
E)dRNA

Question 59

The molecule that shuttles amino acids during protein synthesis is ____.

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)tRNA
E)dRNA

Question 60

If a DNA triplet is ATC, what is the corresponding mRNA codon?

A)ATC
B)UAG
C)AUC
D)UAC
E)TAG

Question 61

The study of genomes is known as ____.

A)genomics
B)genomorphology
C)bionomics
D)biomapping
E)genosequencing

Question 62

A microarray of thousands of DNA sequences stamped onto a glass plate is a ____.

A)Polysome
B)DNA chip
C)Plasmid
D)Polygene
E)DNA plate

Question 63

The normal use of restriction enzymes by bacteria is to ____.

A)integrate viral DNA
B)cut apart short sequences of bases in DNA
C)repair "sticky ends
D)copy the bacterial genes
E)clone DNA

Question 64

DNA fingerprinting utilizes ____.

A)SNPs
B)Lipoplexes
C)Prions
D)tandem repeats
E)"suicide tags"

Question 65

The human genome contains about how many genes?

A)1,000
B)10,000
C)20,000
D)100,000
E)200,000

Question 66

The human genome contains about how many nucleotides?

A)1 million
B)3 million
C)30 million
D)1 billion
E)3 billion

Question 67

Which process employs exposing cells cultured in the laboratory to DNA with a gene of interest?

A)transformation
B)Transfection
C)DNA fingerprinting
D)polymerase chain reaction
E)gel electrophoresis

Question 68

The manmade, short nucleotide sequence that base-pairs with any complementary sequences in DNA is a(n)____.

A)primer
B)exon
C)intron
D)restriction enzyme
E)polysome

Question 69

What percentage of human DNA is devoted to coding exons?

A)1%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%
E)100%

Question 70

PCR uses a special DNA polymerase that resists ____.

A)time decay
B)acids
C)bases
D)high temperatures
E)centrifugation

Question 71

Which method is used in DNA sequencing to "visualize" nucleotides?

A)fluorescence
B)electron microscopy
C)radioactivity
D)viral resistance
E)drug resistance

Question 72

So far, gene therapy has been most successful in treating all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A)malignant melanoma
B)Leukemia
C)brain cancer
D)ovarian cancer
E)Parkinson disease

Question 73

DNA sequencing provides scientists with all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A)the plasmid structure
B)possible gene mutations
C)location of gene on the chromosome
D)how many nucleotides in the gene
E)the nucleotide sequence

Question 74

Each round of reactions in PCR ____ the number of DNA molecules from the target site.

A)doubles
B)triples
C)quadruples
D)quintuples
E)does not affect

Question 75

About how many SNPs exists in the human genome?

A)1 million
B)3 million
C)30 million
D)1 billion
E)3 billion

Question 76

Which condition is NOT associated with chromosome #21?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)ALS
D)epilepsy
E)schizophrenia

Question 77

The fragments of chromosomes split by restriction enzymes ____.

A)have fused ends
B)have specific sequences of nucleotides
C)have sticky ends
D)form a circle
E)have specific sequences of nucleotides and sticky ends

Question 78

Which of the following methods of DNA amplification does NOT require cloning?

A)reverse transcription
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)cloned DNA
D)reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction
E)polymerase chain reaction and cloned DNA

Question 79

Which condition is associated with an extra copy of chromosome #21?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)ALS
D)Epilepsy
E)Schizophrenia

Question 80

Enzymes used to cut DNA molecules in recombinant DNA research are ____.

A)ligases
B)restriction enzymes
C)transcriptases
D)DNA polymerases
E)replicases