Deck 25: Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Question 1

Infectious disease and parasites that affect population size are ____. ​

A)carrying capacity
B)limiting factors
C)density-dependent controls
D)density-limiting controls
E)density independent controls

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The food supply of a population is one example of its ____. ​

A)carrying capacity
B)limiting factors
C)immigration controls
D)density-limiting controls
E)density independent controls

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Total fertility rates are ____.

A)highest in developing countries in Asia and Africa
B)higher now than it was 50 years ago
C)at the replacement level
D)currently measured at 6.5
E)above replacement in developed nations

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The total resources a population consumes and the wastes it produces is its ____. ​

A)ecological footprint
B)vital capacity
C)carrying capacity
D)non-renewable resources
E)limiting factor

Question 5

The maximum rate of increase in a population is its ____. ​

A)carrying capacity
B)limiting factor
C)peak capacity
D)density
E)potential

Question 6

The number of individuals of a species that can be sustained indefinitely by the resources in a given area is the ____. ​

A)carrying capacity
B)limiting factor
C)peak capacity
D)density
E)potential

Question 7

The average number of children born to women during their reproductive years is the ____.

A)age structure
B)population density
C)total fertility rate
D)reproductive demographics
E)population diversity

Question 8

A population's age structure tracks ____.

A)the average age of the members of the population
B)how long the population has existed in the area
C)the rate at which the population is aging
D)the relative numbers of each age
E)death rate

Question 9

Which population would have the lowest ecological footprint? ​

A)United States
B)China
C)India
D)African nations
E)Great Britain

Question 10

Human populations can grow at a maximum rate of ____. ​

A)2-5 percent per year
B)5-7 percent per year
C)7-9 percent per year
D)10-12 percent per year
E)12-15 percent per year

Question 11

The total number of individuals in a given area is the ____. ​

A)age structure
B)population density
C)total fertility rate
D)demographics
E)population diversity

Question 12

How many years did it take for the population to go from 1 billion to 7 billion? ​

A)100
B)200
C)1,000
D)10,000
E)1,000,000

Question 13

A population's vital statistics are known as its ____. ​

A)age structure ​
B)population density
C)total fertility rate
D)demographics
E)population diversity

Question 14

Which statement is true for a population with an age structure diagram in the shape of a pyramid?

A)It is a rapidly growing population.
B)It means the population is mostly older individuals.
C)It would be associated with a developed country.
D)It would be indicative of the United States.
E)It means the death and birth rates are equal.

Question 15

Which of the following is a non-renewable resource? ​

A)copper and gold
B)fresh water
C)forests
D)grasslands
E)fish

Question 16

The total resources a population consumes and the wastes it produces is its ____.

A)ecological footprint
B)vital capacity
C)carrying capacity
D)non-renewable resources
E)limiting factor

Question 17

Which two countries make up about 40 percent of the world's population? ​

A)India and Russia
B)Russia and the United States
C)China and the United States
D)China and India
E)China and Russia

Question 18

Floods and earthquakes that affect population size are ____. ​

A)carrying capacity
B)limiting factors
C)density-dependent controls
D)density-limiting controls
E)density independent controls

Question 19

How many years did it take for the world population to reach one billion? ​

A)100,000
B)500,00
C)1 million
D)2 million
E)2.5 million

Question 20

A single place or outlet that causes pollution is a ____. ​

A)nonpoint source
B)reservoir
C)point source
D)pinpoint reserve
E)watershed

Question 21

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels ____. ​

A)drop in the winter
B)drop in the spring
C)drop in the summer
D)drop in the fall
E)always remain constant

Question 22

A shift in Earth's climate is known as ____. ​

A)global warming
B)global climate change
C)greenhouse effect
D)ozone effect
E)Earth atmospheric warming

Question 23

Which condition is LEAST correlated with a decrease in atmospheric ozone? ​

A)more serious sunburns
B)loss of ocean phytoplankton
C)increased incidence of skin cancers
D)decreased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
E)increased occurrences of cataracts

Question 24

Uses of chlorofluorocarbons include all of the following EXCEPT for ____. ​

A)gasoline additives
B)air conditioner coolants
C)refrigeration coolants
D)plastic packaging
E)solvents

Question 25

Which atmospheric component does NOT significantly affect global temperatures? ​

A)carbon dioxide
B)methane
C)oxygen
D)ozone
E)water

Question 26

Which fungicide will account for 15 percent of ozone thinning in future years unless its production is stopped? ​

A)amphotericin B
B)nystatin
C)methyl bromide
D)dicarboximide
E)ethylmercury bromide

Question 27

Four of the following contribute to acid rain. Which one is the exception? ​

A)ozone
B)burning of coal
C)nitrogen fertilizers
D)burning of gasoline
E)motor vehicles

Question 28

Greenhouse gasses act primarily to ____. ​

A)warm Earth's surface
B)cool the atmosphere
C)block out ultraviolet radiation
D)contribute to acid rain
E)increase carbon monoxide concentrations

Question 29

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)are pollutants because ____. ​

A)the biogeochemical mechanisms for their removal have not yet appeared in the biosphere
B)they combine with water to form hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids
C)they are found in smog
D)they are photochemical oxidants
E)they combine with carbon dioxide to form acid rain

Question 30

Industrial smog in cold, wet winters is what color? ​

A)red
B)brown
C)yellow
D)black
E)gray

Question 31

How many metric tons of air pollutants does the United States release every day? ​

A)100,000
B)200,000
C)500,000
D)700,000
E)900,000

Question 32

Serious detrimental effects of global warming include all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)intense rains and flooding
B)more frequent and intense droughts
C)rising sea levels in coastal areas
D)the disappearance of glaciers thus wiping out some fresh water supplies
E)more open shipping channels in the Arctic

Question 33

Pesticide runoff from a farm into a river is an example of a ____ of pollution. ​

A)nonpoint source
B)reservoir
C)point source
D)pinpoint reserve
E)watershed

Question 34

Which component of air pollution can react with sunlight to form chemicals similar to tear gas? ​

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitric oxide
C)sulfuric oxide
D)chlorofluorocarbons
E)ozone

Question 35

Photochemical smog forming in warm climates is what color? ​

A)red ​
B)brown
C)yellow
D)black
E)gray

Question 36

Which pollutant is formed by the interaction of sunlight and atmospheric chemicals? ​

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitric oxide
C)sulfuric oxide
D)chlorofluorocarbons
E)photochemical oxidants

Question 37

What percentage of the world's food grows on land that irrigated with water piped in from water sources? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)33 percent
D)50 percent
E)75 percent

Question 38

The accumulation of which gas from fossil fuel burning significantly affects global temperatures? ​

A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogen
C)oxygen
D)ozone
E)water

Question 39

The unequal distribution of acid rain over the United States is closely correlated with ____. ​

A)rainfall amounts ​
B)strip mining
C)burning fossil fuels for energy production
D)average summer temperatures
E)ozone distribution

Question 40

The temperature of the lower atmosphere has risen the most in the last ____. ​

A)60 years
B)75 years
C)100 years
D)125 years
E)150 years

Question 41

Man's pollution of public water sources includes all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)pesticides
B)fertilizers
C)carcinogenic chemicals
D)radioactive materials
E)carbon dioxide

Question 42

Salinization of water used in irrigation has reduced crop yields by ____. ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)33 percent
D)50 percent
E)75 percent

Question 43

Which country does NOT have large deforestation issues? ​

A)Brazil
B)Indonesia
C)Colombia
D)Mexico
E)Australia

Question 44

Plastic bags in landfills may still be intact after ____. ​

A)10 years
B)20-30 years
C)40-50 years
D)70-80 years
E)over 100 years

Question 45

The Ogallala aquifer provides what percentage of groundwater used for irrigation in the United States? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)30 percent
D)50 percent
E)75 percent

Question 46

In the United States, what fuel source supplies the largest percentage of total energy? ​

A)nuclear energy
B)renewable energy
C)coal
D)natural gas
E)petroleum

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the world's great forests? Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the world's great forests? ​

A)They produce greenhouse gases.
B)They absorb and release water.
C)They control soil erosion.
D)They control flooding.
E)They control sediment buildup in fresh water sources.

Question 48

Which of the following is the primary fuel source for transportation? ​

A)nuclear energy
B)renewable energy
C)coal
D)natural gas
E)petroleum

Question 49

At present rates of clearing and degradation, most of the tropical rain forest biome will be gone by the year ____.

A)2035
B)2050
C)2100
D)2150
E)2200

Question 50

The "NIMBY" approach is used by citizens to ____. ​

A)prevent the development of new landfills by residential areas
B)prevent fossil fuel burning
C)stop plastics from entering landfills
D)promote recycling of plastics
E)prevent water pollution

Question 51

Which fuel source is used strictly for electrical power generation? ​

A)nuclear energy
B)renewable energy
C)coal
D)natural gas
E)petroleum

Question 52

Which of the following is the primary fuel source for residential and commercial uses? ​

A)nuclear energy
B)renewable energy
C)coal
D)natural gas
E)petroleum

Question 53

In 2008, the United States generated about how many million tons of garbage? ​

A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
E)500

Question 54

What percent of Earth is dry land? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)30 percent
D)45 percent
E)50 percent

Question 55

What is NOT a result or an effect of irrigation? ​

A)increased food production
B)saltwater intrusion into water supplies
C)lowered water tables
D)uplifted land
E)salinization

Question 56

What percent of Earth's dry land is being used for agriculture? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)30 percent
D)45 percent
E)50 percent

Question 57

The "green revolution" to improve agricultural production ____. ​

A)is based on large inputs of fertilizer
B)does not require pesticides
C)does not rely on modern irrigation
D)produces crop yields ten times higher than tradition methods
E)uses less energy than non-green methods

Question 58

What percentage of the world's tropical forests have been cut down for cropland, fuel wood, grazing land, and timber?

A)20 percent
B)30 percent
C)40 percent
D)50 percent
E)60 percent

Question 59

What percentage of trash in the United States is recycled? ​

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)33 percent
D)50 percent
E)75 percent

Question 60

The conversion of grasslands or croplands to a desert-like state ____. ​

A)is known as deforestation
B)is caused by overgrazing of livestock
C)has occurred at the rate of 1 million square miles per year over the past 50 years
D)is caused by "green" farming methods
E)occurs primarily Europe

Question 61

The term that refers to the accumulation of toxins as animals pass through the food chain is ____. ​

A)biological amplification
B)toxin accumulation
C)biological magnification
D)chemical amplification
E)chemical magnification

Question 64

One of the major threats to more than 90 percent of endangered species is ____. ​

A)habitat loss
B)air pollution
C)water pollution
D)radioactivity
E)ozone depletion

Question 65

Controlling our population growth and using resource wisely is the basis for the principle of ____. ​

A)sustainability
B)profitability
C)responsibility
D)economic stability
E)environmental stability

Question 67

Explain the relationship between carrying capacity and limiting factor in regard to population growth. Relate this to the S-shaped logistic growth curve. ​

Question 68

Which flower provides anticancer drugs? ​

A)four-o'clock
B)sunflower
C)petunia
D)rosy periwinkle
E)rose

Question 69

Which element is used to make fuel cells for electric cars? ​

A)oxygen
B)carbon
C)hydrogen
D)nitrogen
E)helium

Question 70

By some estimates, how many species are undergoing premature extinction because of human actions? ​

A)6 per day
B)10 per day
C)1 per hour
D)6 per hour
E)10 per hour

Question 71

Globally, what is the greatest killer of species? ​

A)destruction of coral reefs
B)air pollution
C)deforestation
D)water pollution
E)nuclear contamination

Question 72

Which species has been affected by global climate change? ​

A)polar bear
B)sharks
C)woodpeckers
D)grizzly bears
E)tree frogs

Question 73

What is the main reason for why there has not been an increase in the production of new nuclear power plants? ​

A)the high cost of building
B)the high cost to produce electricity
C)lack of nuclear fuels
D)safety concerns
E)high greenhouse gas effects

Question 74

Which form of sea life is showing signs of decreasing in numbers? ​

A)carp
B)swordfish
C)sharks
D)blue fish
E)eels