Deck 9: Immunity and Disease

Question 1

Adaptive immunity has a response time of ____.

A)immediate response
B)1-2 days
C)7-10 days
D)2 weeks
E)one month

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which part of the spleen contains masses of lymphocytes?

A)nodes
B)marrow
C)red pulp ​
D)white pulp
E)clear pulp

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The enzyme found in mucus that destroys bacteria is ____.

A)lysozyme
B)peroxidase
C)enterokinase
D)peptidase
E)lactose dehydrogenase

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The general term that describes the body's overall ability to resist and combat disease and infections is ____.

A)inflammation
B)synthesis
C)cell activity
D)immunity
E)production

Question 5

Mast cells are important in which body response?

A)adaptive immunity
B)antibody production
C)T and B cell activity
D)cell-mediated activity
E)inflammation

Question 6

Which cells require specific antigens to become activated?

A)dendritic
B)B and T cells
C)macrophages
D)phagocytes
E)cytokines

Question 7

The major drainage structure within the lymphatic system is the ____.

A)spleen
B)tonsils
C)right and left thoracic ducts
D)thymus gland
E)thoracic duct

Question 8

The third line of defense against foreign invaders is ____.

A)adaptive immunity
B)innate immunity
C)secretions
D)physical and chemical barriers
E)inflammation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph vascular system?

A)collecting water and solutes from blood capillaries
B)picking up fats absorbed by the small intestines
C)being a major site for T and B cell activation
D)transporting foreign materials to lymph nodes
E)returning water and solutes to general circulation

Question 10

Which cells are found in lymph nodes to clear away bacteria and other unwanted substances?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)dendritic cells
D)macrophages
E)platelets

Question 11

White blood cells and ____ carry out innate immune responses.

A)red blood cells
B)T cells
C)B cells
D)skin
E)proteins

Question 12

Which portion of the lymphatic system is the site where T lymphocytes develop?

A)tonsils
B)all lymph nodes
C)liver
D)thymus gland
E)thoracic duct

Question 13

Which portion of the lymphatic system is the major site of antibody production?

A)spleen
B)all lymph nodes
C)liver
D)thymus gland
E)thoracic duct

Question 14

In what system does the acidic pH prevent pathogenic infections?

A)urinary
B)respiratory
C)endocrine
D)hepatic
E)cardiovascular

Question 15

"Friendly" bacteria located in the vagina that keep harmful bacteria and fungi from growing are ____.

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)Lactobacillus acidophilus
D)Candida albicans
E)Staphylococcus alba

Question 16

Which cells target parasites and worms?

A)eosinophils
B)B and T cells
C)macrophages
D)phagocytes
E)cytokines

Question 17

Which line of defense is the body's inborn, general defense mechanism?

A)adaptive immunity
B)the immune system
C)B and T cell activity
D)innate immunity
E)antibody production

Question 18

The first line of defense against foreign invaders is ____.

A)adaptive immunity
B)the immune system
C)B and T cell activity
D)physical and chemical barriers
E)antibody production

Question 19

The use of which type of medication may lead to vaginal yeast infections?

A)antibiotics
B)aspirin
C)antihistamines ​
D)pain relievers
E)anti-hypertensives

Question 20

Which cells alert the adaptive immune system when they detect antigens?

A)eosinophils
B)B and T cells
C)macrophages ​
D)dendritic cells
E)cytokines

Question 21

Which type of cell produces cytokines to enhance the adaptive immune response?

A)B cells
B)T helper cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)plasma cells
E)memory cells

Question 22

Which part of the inflammatory response walls off the injured site, preventing the spread of the damage?

A)vasodilation
B)leakage of clotting factors out of the blood
C)edema
D)fever
E)increased blood flow

Question 23

Which chemical released from the brain causes a fever?

A)cytokines
B)interleukins
C)histamine
D)acetylcholine
E)prostaglandins

Question 24

A membrane attack complex is part of the ____.

A)adaptive immune system
B)complement system
C)B cell response
D)T cell activation
E)inflammatory response

Question 25

During the inflammatory response, which cells release histamine?

A)T cells
B)mast cells
C)macrophages
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 26

Effector B cells are called ____.

A)memory cells
B)macrophages
C)plasma cells
D)blood cells
E)antigen producing cells

Question 27

Mature B and T cells are found mostly in the ____.

A)bone marrow
B)thymus
C)interstitial fluid
D)blood
E)lymphatic system structures

Question 28

Which cells provide diversity for the immune response?

A)macrophages
B)T and B cells
C)dendritic cells
D)complement cells
E)neutrophils

Question 29

An antigen-MHC complex is usually found on which cell type?

A)neutrophils
B)T helper cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)plasma cells
E)dendritic cells

Question 30

The secondary immune response ____.

A)is slower and weaker than the primary response
B)is dependent upon effector cells
C)is dependent upon memory cells
D)responds only one time to an antigen challenge
E)is a major component of the innate immune response

Question 31

Which cells release antibodies into the plasma?

A)T helper cells
B)plasma cells
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)B cells
E)antigen presenting cells

Question 32

Specificity refers to the ability of ____.

A)MHC markers to identify foreign cells
B)macrophages to destroy bacteria
C)the complement system to form membrane attack complexes
D)the formation of specific receptors on T and B cells
E)the formation of specific memory cells after an infection

Question 33

Which cells mature in the thymus gland?

A)T cells
B)mast cells
C)macrophages
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 34

A fever rising above what temperature is considered a medical emergency?

A)38^oC
B)39^oC
C)40^oC
D)41^oC
E)42^oC

Question 35

When activated the complement system produces ____.

A)fever
B)membrane attack complexes
C)dendritic cell activation
D)antibodies
E)prostaglandins

Question 36

Recognition of self versus non-self is accomplished by ____.

A)macrophage function
B)complement system activation
C)B and T cell cloning
D)the presence of MHC markers on cell membranes
E)memory cell formation

Question 37

During an immune response, which cells disintegrate producing a chemical net that traps nearby invaders?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)macrophages
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 38

The process by which a T or B cells responds to an initial activation by an antigen is known as ____.

A)diversity expansion
B)specific expansion
C)clonal expansion
D)innate immunity
E)complement immunity

Question 39

Which type of cell acts an antigen-presenting cell?

A)neutrophils
B)T helper cells
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)plasma cells
E)dendritic cells

Question 40

The cell-mediated immune response is a function of ____.

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)plasma cells
D)blood cells
E)antigen producing cells

Question 41

Which antibody class acts as a B cell receptor?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgE
D)IgD ​
E)IgM

Question 42

Which cell type is responsible for a major component of tissue rejection following an organ transplant?

A)B cells
B)plasma cells
C)memory cells
D)T helper cells
E)cytotoxic T cells

Question 43

T cells can only be activated by ____.

A)antigens presented by other cells
B)apoptosis
C)memory cells
D)plasma cells
E)complement proteins

Question 44

A vaccine booster shot ____.

A)initiates the primary immune response
B)activates T helper cells
C)activates Cytotoxic T cells
D)produces a secondary immune response
E)decreases plasma cell cloning

Question 45

Allergies that trigger whole-body responses can trigger the deadly condition ____.

A)hypertension
B)anaphylactic shock
C)stroke
D)myocardial infarction
E)uremic shock

Question 46

In which organ are tissue transplants least likely to be rejected?

A)liver
B)lung
C)heart
D)eye
E)kidney

Question 47

A vaccine made from genetic engineered viruses is the basis for immunity against ____.

A)small pox
B)polio
C)tetanus
D)influenza
E)cholera

Question 48

A patient receiving antibodies from another source is an example of ____.

A)innate immunity
B)adaptive immunity
C)vaccinated immunity
D)passive immunity
E)active immunity

Question 49

Monoclonal antibodies are used for all of the following EXCEPT ____.

A)home pregnancy tests
B)vaccines
C)prostate cancer screening
D)drug delivery
E)lab tests

Question 50

Monoclonal antibodies used in many commercial applications are derived from ____.

A)mice
B)viruses
C)genetically modified bacteria
D)human volunteers
E)horses

Question 51

Memory cells that form the basis of vaccines can provide immunity for ____.

A)several days
B)weeks
C)months
D)many years
E)entire lifetime

Question 52

Monoclonal antibodies bound to toxins are known as ____.

A)interleukins
B)immunotoxins
C)antibodies
D)IgT
E)interferons

Question 53

Cytotoxic T cells produce ____.

A)cytokines
B)antibodies
C)plasma cells
D)perforins ​
E)histamine

Question 54

Cytotoxic T cells produce ____.

A)cytokines
B)antibodies
C)plasma cells
D)chemicals that cause apoptosis
E)histamine

Question 55

Which antibody class is associated with allergies?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgE
D)IgD
E)IgM

Question 56

Which antibody class protects the fetus?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgE
D)IgD
E)IgM

Question 57

The underlying basis for an allergic reaction is ____.

A)IgG production
B)complement activation
C)cytotoxic T cell activity
D)over activity of mast cells
E)IgA production

Question 58

Helper T cells produce ____.

A)cytokines
B)antibodies
C)plasma cells
D)chemicals that cause apoptosis
E)histamine

Question 59

Antibodies perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.

A)activate complement
B)provide protection in secretions
C)directly destroy and removes foreign antigens
D)act as B cell receptors
E)bind and neutralize blood toxins

Question 60

Which antibody class is found in exocrine secretions?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgE
D)IgD
E)IgM

Question 61

A disease that occurs more or less all the time is classified as ____.

A)epidemic
B)pandemic
C)endemic
D)nosocomial
E)maldemic

Question 62

A infection derived from a hospital stay is classified as ____.

A)epidemic
B)pandemic
C)endemic
D)nosocomial
E)maldemic

Question 63

HIV's primary genetic instructions are in the form of ____.

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)proteins
D)amino acids
E)DNA and RNA

Question 64

It is difficult to make an HIV vaccine because the ____.

A)virus mutates rapidly
B)cost is prohibitive
C)virus uses DNA
D)virus is a retrovirus
E)components of the virus is found in high concentrations in the blood

Question 65

Becoming infected by a disease from a mosquito bite is an example of ____.

A)direct contact
B)indirect contact
C)inhalation infection
D)contact with a transmitting vector
E)retro-contract

Question 68

The "A" in AIDS stands for ____.

A)adaptive
B)active
C)acquired
D)autoimmune
E)artificial

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transfer of an infectious disease?

A)direct contact
B)indirect contact
C)inhaling the pathogen
D)contact with a transmitting agent
E)retro-contract

Question 72

The inability of T and B cells to recognize the body's MHC markers as foreign is known as ____.

A)immunological tolerance
B)immune intolerance
C)immune surveillance
D)immunity bias
E)autoimmunity

Question 73

During an active HIV infection, which cell type numbers drop significantly?

A)T helper cells
B)B cells
C)plasma cells
D)mast cells
E)cytotoxic T cells

Question 74

HIV is transmitted in ____.

A)food
B)water
C)body fluids
D)air
E)infected surfaces

Question 75

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)is ____.

A)inherited
B)caused by an allergy
C)caused by a virus
D)found only in adults
E)associated with parasite infections

Question 76

During an allergic reaction IgE antibodies bind to ____.

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)plasma cells
D)mast cells
E)neutrophils

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disorder?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)Grave's disease
C)lupus
D)multiple sclerosis
E)rheumatoid arthritis

Question 78

Which type of HIV medication blocks the assembly of new viruses?

A)protease inhibitors
B)antibiotics
C)AZT
D)ART
E)HIV vaccine

Question 79

What is the initial symptom of an HIV infection?

A)flu-like symptoms
B)severe rash
C)muscle pains
D)fever over 40^o C
E)severe allergic response

Question 80

Compare the activation and functions of T and B cells.