Deck 10: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Hemoglobin helps maintain the oxygen pressure gradient by ____. ​

A)carrying oxygen away from the lungs
B)carrying carbon dioxide away from the lungs
C)releasing oxygen at the lungs
D)releasing carbon dioxide at the tissue
E)releasing oxygen into the alveoli ​

Answer 1

A

Question 2

During the process of gas exchange, gases move ____. ​

A)by active transport
B)down electrical gradients
C)through membrane channels ​
D)by facilitated diffusion
E)down partial pressure gradients ​

Answer 2

E

Question 3

During voice production, air rushing past which structure causes the vocal cords to vibrate? ​

A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)glottis
D)epiglottis
E)bronchus ​

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which portion of the larynx is the Adam's apple? ​

A)pharynx
B)trachea
C)bronchus
D)thyroid cartilage
E)epiglottis ​

Question 5

The major respiratory muscle is the ____. ​

A)diaphragm
B)external intercostals
C)internal intercostals
D)scalenes
E)trapezius ​

Question 6

During swallowing food, which structures moves downward to prevent food from entering the trachea? ​

A)larynx
B)pharynx
C)glottis
D)epiglottis
E)bronchus ​

Question 7

The term that describe tissue lacking oxygen is ____. ​

A)hypoxic
B)hyperemia
C)hyperbaric
D)hypercapnic
E)hyperventilate ​

Question 8

When red blood cells interact with tissue where the oxygen concentration is low, hemoglobin ____. ​

A)releases oxygen
B)releases carbon dioxide
C)binds oxygen
D)breaks down carbon dioxide
E)releases both oxygen and carbon dioxide ​

Question 9

The common passageway for air and food is the ____. ​

A)nasal cavity
B)epiglottis
C)glottis
D)pharynx
E)larynx ​

Question 10

The double-layered membrane that covers the lungs is the ____. ​

A)periosteum
B)pericardial membrane
C)peritoneal membrane
D)pleural membrane
E)intercostal membrane ​

Question 11

The voice box is also known as the ____. ​

A)pharynx
B)trachea
C)bronchus
D)larynx
E)epiglottis ​

Question 12

At altitudes above 8,000 feet, the body compensates for the hypoxic condition by ____. ​

A)hyperventilation
B)decreased hemoglobin production
C)decreased EPO release
D)constriction of airways
E)faster, shallow breathing ​

Question 13

At sea level, what is the partial pressure (mm Hg)of oxygen in the air we breathe? ​

A)21
B)50
C)100
D)160
E)540 ​

Question 14

The branches of the trachea that enter each lung are the ____. ​

A)pharynx
B)vocal cords
C)bronchi
D)larynx
E)epiglottis ​

Question 15

What is found in the space between the two parts of the pleural membrane? ​

A)air
B)fluid
C)blood ​
D)muscles
E)elastic tissue ​

Question 16

The major site of gas exchange in the lungs is/are the ____. ​

A)bronchi
B)bronchioles
C)larynx
D)alveoli
E)respiratory bronchioles ​

Question 17

During gas exchange at the lungs, oxygen ____. ​

A)moves against its partial pressure gradient
B)from the blood into the alveoli
C)moves from the external to internal environment
D)moves in the same direction as carbon dioxide
E)moves out of the blood ​

Question 18

At sea level, what percentage of the air we breathe is oxygen? ​

A)21%
B)30%
C)50%
D)79%
E)100% ​

Question 19

In addition to the partial pressure gradient, the other major factor that determines the rate of diffusion of gases in the lungs is ____. ​

A)the alveoli membrane surface area
B)electrical gradients
C)the thickness of the alveolar membrane
D)the size of the gas molecules
E)the hemoglobin concentration ​

Question 20

The epithelium across which gases exchange is the ____. ​

A)visceral membrane
B)gas interface
C)partial pressure membrane
D)respiratory surface
E)cardio-respiratory interface ​

Question 21

If atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, what would you expect the pressure inside the lungs to be during a forceful expiration? ​

A)0 mm Hg
B)750 mm Hg
C)756 mm Hg
D)760 mm Hg
E)764 mm Hg ​

Question 22

Under normal conditions how much air from each breath is considered "dead space" air? ​

A)0 ml
B)100 ml
C)150 ml
D)300 ml
E)500 ml ​

Question 23

You take a deep breath and then take a maximal exhale. The amount of air left in your lungs is the ____. ​

A)residual volume
B)respiratory rate
C)vital capacity
D)tidal volume
E)inspiratory reserve volume ​

Question 24

Before you inhale, the pressure inside your alveoli is ____. ​

A)0 mm Hg
B)greater than atmospheric pressure
C)less than atmospheric pressure
D)equal atmospheric pressure
E)not yet connected to atmospheric pressure ​

Question 25

A collapsed lung occurs when the pressure in the ____. ​

A)atmosphere increases
B)alveoli increases
C)pleural cavity increases
D)trachea increases
E)bronchioles decreases ​

Question 26

In order for an oxygen molecule to enter the blood from the lungs it must first cross the ____. ​

A)hemoglobin ​
B)red blood cell membrane
C)capillary endothelium
D)fluid basement membrane
E)alveolar epithelium ​

Question 27

The major determinant of the amount of oxyhemoglobin formed in the lungs is ____. ​

A)partial pressure of oxygen
B)acidity
C)temperature
D)iron concentration
E)blood pressure ​

Question 28

Which organ is very sensitive to the increases in blood nitrogen gas during deep water dives?

A)heart
B)brain
C)lungs
D)kidney
E)muscles ​

Question 29

What accounts for the release of more oxygen from hemoglobin around highly active tissue? ​

A)low partial pressure gradients
B)more acidity
C)decreased temperature
D)increased iron concentration
E)increased blood pressure ​

Question 30

During quiet expiration, the return of the lungs to their resting position is dependent upon ____. ​

A)diaphragm contraction
B)internal intercostal muscle contraction
C)the increased volume of the lungs
D)oxygen levels reaching their peak
E)elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs ​

Question 31

Because of hemoglobin, blood is able to carry how many more times oxygen? ​

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60
E)70 ​

Question 32

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs with each breath is ____. ​

A)respiratory volume
B)respiratory rate
C)vital capacity
D)tidal volume
E)inspiratory volume ​

Question 33

The negative pressure gradient that contributes to the respiratory cycle ____. ​

A)occurs only during expiration
B)exists in the pleural cavity
C)means that the inside of the lungs has a greater pressure pleural sac
D)keeps the lungs separated from the chest wall
E)is known as a pneumothorax ​

Question 34

The cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is a lack of ____. ​

A)oxygen
B)carbon dioxide
C)hemoglobin
D)surfactant
E)surface tension ​

Question 35

Decompression sickness occurs when which gas forms bubbles in the blood? ​

A)oxygen
B)carbon dioxide
C)carbon monoxide
D)methane
E)nitrogen ​

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alveoli? ​

A)small overall surface area ​
B)thin basement membrane
C)surfactant production
D)small diameter
E)reduced surface tension to maintain opening ​

Question 37

During inhalation, ____. ​

A)thoracic volume decreases
B)the diaphragm contracts by flattening
C)pressure in your alveoli rises
D)the ribs are moved downward
E)atmospheric pressure falls ​

Question 38

You take a deep breath and then take a maximal exhale. The amount of air leaving your lungs is the ____. ​

A)respiratory reserve volume
B)respiratory rate
C)vital capacity
D)tidal volume
E)inspiratory reserve volume ​

Question 39

During normal quiet exhalation, ____. ​

A)thoracic volume increases
B)the diaphragm contracts
C)alveolar pressure rises above atmospheric
D)the ribs are moved upward
E)atmospheric pressure rises ​

Question 40

The amount of air that can be inspired after a normal inhalation is the ____. ​

A)respiratory reserve volume
B)respiratory rate
C)vital capacity ​
D)tidal volume
E)inspiratory reserve volume ​

Question 41

The respiratory pacemaker center is located in the ____. ​

A)spinal cord
B)lungs
C)frontal lobe
D)brain stem
E)diaphragm ​

Question 42

When carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise the ____. ​

A)rate of breathing decreases
B)depth of breathing decreases
C)activity of the central chemoreceptors decreases ​
D)amount of oxygen in the blood rises
E)pH of the CSF falls ​

Question 43

The acidic nature of the fluid around active tissue is the result of ____. ​

A)falling levels of oxygen
B)falling DPG levels
C)rising levels of carbon dioxide
D)increased iron concentration
E)increased blood pressure ​

Question 44

In which disorder is the neural control of the breathing cycle disrupted? ​

A)emphysema
B)asthma ​
C)lung cancer
D)bronchitis
E)apnea ​

Question 45

Which disorder is the result of a bacterial infection that destroys patches of lung tissue and can also spread to other body parts? ​

A)pneumonia
B)influenza
C)tuberculosis
D)lung cancer
E)emphysema ​

Question 46

If too little carbon dioxide is moving out of the lungs, ____. ​

A)the blood pH will rise
B)oxygen levels will rise
C)bronchioles will relax
D)blood vessels will relax
E)respiratory activity will decrease ​

Question 47

Which disorder is caused by a bacterial infection resulting in lung edema that makes it difficult to breathe? ​

A)pneumonia
B)influenza
C)tuberculosis
D)lung cancer
E)emphysema ​

Question 48

The most important factor that regulates breathing activity is the ____. ​

A)amount of oxygen in the blood
B)amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
C)amount of oxygen in the air we breath
D)the acidity of the blood
E)chemoreceptors in the blood ​

Question 49

An increase in the rate of carbon dioxide production by tissue will ____. ​

A)increase the rate of H⁺ production
B)cause the blood to become less acidic
C)cause hemoglobin to retain oxygen
D)cause hemoglobin to release carbon dioxide
E)have no effect on oxygen delivery to tissue ​

Question 50

Which disorder is classified a COPD? ​

A)emphysema
B)asthma
C)lung cancer
D)high blood pressure
E)apnea ​

Question 51

In which location would the partial pressure of oxygen be the highest? ​

A)inhaled air
B)exhaled air
C)alveoli
D)pulmonary veins
E)pulmonary arteries ​

Question 52

Cigarette smoking causes ____. ​

A)a decrease in mucus production
B)an increase in the number of phagocytes
C)slow bone healing
D)an increase in the amount of cilia lining the airways
E)an increase in the birth weight of newborns of mothers who smoke ​

Question 53

In which disorder is the elastic tissue of the lung destroyed making expiration extremely difficult? ​

A)emphysema
B)asthma
C)lung cancer
D)bronchitis
E)apnea ​

Question 54

In which location would the partial pressure of oxygen be the lowest? ​

A)inhaled air
B)exhaled air
C)alveoli
D)pulmonary veins
E)pulmonary arteries ​

Question 55

Which type of lung cancer is the most aggressive form? ​

A)beta cell carcinoma
B)squamous cell carcinoma
C)large-cell carcinoma
D)adenocarcinoma
E)small-cell carcinoma ​

Question 56

Which disorder is characterized by bronchiole spasms? ​

A)emphysema
B)asthma
C)lung cancer
D)high blood pressure
E)apnea ​

Question 57

The reaction that forms bicarbonate from carbon dioxide occurs fastest in ____. ​

A)plasma
B)red blood cells
C)alveoli cells
D)nerve cells
E)muscle cells ​

Question 58

The majority of carbon dioxide carried in the blood is found in which form? ​

A)dissolved in plasma
B)bound to hemoglobin
C)converted to bicarbonate
D)converted to oxygen
E)bound to the respiratory membrane ​

Question 59

The major nerve that controls inspiratory activity is the ____. ​

A)vagus nerve
B)phrenic nerve
C)intercostal nerve
D)brain stem nerve
E)pace maker nerve ​

Question 60

The carotid and aortic bodies stimulate respiratory activity ____. ​

A)when oxygen levels in the blood fall relative to carbon dioxide
B)when carbon dioxide levels in the blood fall
C)when plasma pH becomes more basic
D)when the lungs are stretched beyond normal
E)during exercise ​

Question 64

The ____________________ is a measure of the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs in a normal single breath. ​

Question 65

Drugs delivered in aerosols that dilate bronchioles are used to treat ____________________. ​

Question 66

The ____________________ closes off the larynx during swallowing. ​

Question 67

The ____________________ are the first branches off the trachea entering the lungs. ​

Question 68

Compare inspiration and expiration in terms of pressure and volume changes producing airflow. When breathing quietly, why is inspiration considered active while expiration is considered passive? ​

Question 69

The loss of ____________________ tissue in the lungs is the underlying pathology of emphysema. ​

Question 70

The ____________________ are the dead end sacs involved in gas exchange. ​

Question 71

____________________ is a condition characterized by increased mucus secretions in the bronchioles. ​

Question 72

An interruption in the normal breathing cycle at night is classified as ____________________. ​

Question 73

The ____________________ is the double-layered membrane that connects the lungs and chest wall. ​

Question 74

The amount of air left in the lungs at the end of a maximal exhalation is the ____________________. ​