Deck 8: Blood

Question 1

Most of the oxygen found in the blood is ____.

A)bound to hemoglobin
B)dissolved in the plasma
C)dissolved in platelets
D)bound to albumin
E)bound to copper

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which cell is classified as an agranulocyte?

A)monocytes
B)platelets
C)basophils
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most important factor that determines how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin is ____.

A)plasma volume
B)breathing rate
C)temperature
D)relative amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide
E)acidity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

As red blood cell components are recycled the heme group is converted by the liver to ____.

A)bilirubin
B)bile
C)iron
D)proteins
E)amino acids

Question 5

For an adult, average blood volume is about ____.

A)1-2 liters
B)2-3 liters
C)3-4 liters
D)4-5 liters
E)more than 6 liters

Question 6

A red blood cell ____.

A)does not possess a nucleus
B)is made in the plasma
C)can divide in the plasma
D)has the ability to repair itself
E)lives up to 120 months

Question 7

Which type of white blood cells secretes inflammatory chemicals?

A)monocytes
B)lymphocytes
C)basophils
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 8

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10
E)12

Question 9

On which portion of the hemoglobin molecule does carbon dioxide bind?

A)protein chain
B)cholesterol side chains
C)iron in the cytoplasm
D)heme group
E)nuclear side chains

Question 10

On which portion of the hemoglobin molecule does oxygen bind?

A)protein chain
B)cholesterol side chains
C)iron in the cytoplasm
D)heme group
E)nuclear side chains

Question 11

Blood in the veins looks purplish because ____.

A)it contains less oxygen than arterial blood
B)most of the oxygen is dissolved in the plasma
C)less oxygen is in the plasma compared to bound to hemoglobin
D)it contains less carbon dioxide
E)veins run deeper than arteries

Question 12

Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following functions EXCEPT ____.

A)transporting wastes
B)carrying hydrophilic molecules
C)immune response
D)blood clotting
E)creating osmotic pressure

Question 13

Which type cell transports oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A)erythrocytes
B)lymphocytes
C)basophils
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 14

Which organ is responsible for the cleanup of destroyed red blood cells?

A)spleen
B)kidney
C)bone marrow
D)heart
E)lungs

Question 15

Plasma consists mostly of ____.

A)salts
B)cells
C)proteins
D)water
E)cell fragments

Question 16

Platelets are derived directly from ____.

A)lymphoid stem cells
B)megakaryocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)pluripotent stem cells
E)myeloid stem cells

Question 17

Which of the following is found in the general circulation?

A)lymphoid stem cells
B)megakaryocytes
C)platelets
D)pluripotent stem cells
E)myeloid stem cells

Question 18

Which blood component determines plasma fluid volume?

A)salts
B)cells
C)albumin
D)hemoglobin
E)cell fragments

Question 19

For a normal, healthy individual, what percentage of whole blood is plasma?

A)25 percent
B)40 percent
C)45 percent
D)55 percent
E)60 percent

Question 20

Which factor promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin at the tissue?

A)low blood pressure
B)low oxygen gradient
C)low temperature
D)low carbon dioxide concentration
E)low plasma pH

Question 21

Which blood type is most common?

A)A only
B)B only
C)AB
D)O
E)Both AB and O

Question 22

Which method is used to prevent hemolytic newborn disease?

A)EPO injections
B)Rh transfusions
C)Rh antibody injections
D)cross-matching
E)RhoGam injections

Question 23

A person with type AB blood has which cell markers?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)neither A or B
E)O

Question 24

In response to a mismatched blood transfusion the body produces ____.

A)allergen
B)antibodies
C)antigens
D)blood type proteins
E)Rh factor

Question 25

The illegal practice of blood doping relies on ____.

A)the kidney's response to replace missing red blood cells
B)injections of erythropoietin
C)positive feed back
D)iron supplements
E)anabolic steroids

Question 26

The target tissue for erythropoietin is ____.

A)brain
B)kidney
C)liver
D)bone marrow
E)lungs

Question 27

On average, how many red blood cells are there in a microliter of blood?

A)5,000
B)50,000
C)500,000
D)5,000,000
E)50,000,000

Question 28

Which blood test measures kidney function?

A)BUN
B)CBC ​
C)A1C
D)PT
E)TSH

Question 29

Which blood type is the universal donor?

A)A only
B)B only
C)AB
D)O
E)Both AB and O

Question 30

A person with type A positive blood has which cell markers?

A)A only
B)Rh only
C)A, B and Rh
D)A and Rh
E)O and Rh

Question 31

A person with type O blood has which antibodies?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)neither A or B
E)O

Question 32

A person with type B blood has which antibodies?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)neither A or B
E)O

Question 33

A person with type O blood has which cell markers?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)neither A or B
E)O

Question 34

A chemical characteristic of a cell or particle that causes an immune response is a(n)____.

A)allergy
B)antibody
C)antigen
D)blood type
E)Rh factor

Question 35

When the amount of oxygen in the blood falls, the kidneys release ____.

A)oxygen
B)erythropoietin
C)carbon dioxide
D)iron
E)growth hormone

Question 36

Erythropoietin release is controlled by ____.

A)blood doping
B)the amount of oxygen in the blood
C)positive feed back
D)factors from the anterior pituitary
E)plasma iron concentration

Question 37

A woman who is Rh^- becomes pregnant by a man who is Rh⁺. Which statement is true?

A)the baby is always going to be Rh^-
B)there is no chance the fetus will develop hemolytic newborn disease
C)the mother's blood cell's will not contain Rh markers
D)the father's blood will always contain Rh antibodies
E)there is a chance the baby will be Rh⁺

Question 38

The defense response against a mismatched transfusion is called ____.

A)precipitation
B)immunization
C)agglutination
D)ABO typing
E)transfusion allergy

Question 39

A person with type A positive blood has which antibodies?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)neither A or B
E)Rh

Question 40

Which blood test is useful for monitoring diabetes?

A)BUN
B)CBC
C)A1C
D)PT
E)TSH

Question 41

The terms that means to "stop bleeding" is ____.

A)hemostasis
B)homeostasis
C)coagulation
D)clot retraction
E)vasoconstriction

Question 42

Which blood test can be influenced by altitude?

A)BUN
B)lipid profile
C)hemoglobin concentration
D)PT
E)TSH

Question 43

Which platelet hormone aids in the prevention of blood loss?

A)ATP
B)serotonin
C)heparin
D)fibrinogen
E)thrombin

Question 44

Which factor initiates the intrinsic clotting mechanism?

A)factor X
B)factor XI
C)factor ACI
D)thrombin
E)prothrombin activator

Question 45

Fever, weight loss, internal bleeding are possible signs of ____.

A)malaria
B)leukemia
C)infectious mononucleosis
D)anemia
E)toxemia

Question 46

A(n)____________________ stem cell gives rise to other types of stem cells.

Question 47

Worldwide, the major cause of hemolytic anemia is ____.

A)malaria
B)leukemia
C)infectious mononucleosis
D)anemia
E)toxemia

Question 48

The general term for disorder associated with decreased oxygen delivery by blood is ____.

A)malaria
B)leukemia
C)mononucleosis
D)anemia
E)toxemia

Question 49

A(n)____________________ is a tally of the number of cells in a microliter of blood.

Question 50

The final step in the clotting pathway is ____.

A)activation of thrombin
B)platelet plug formation
C)vessel spasm
D)conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
E)activation of factor X

Question 51

A(n)____________________ molecule is at the center of each heme group.

Question 52

The kidney releases ____________________ to stimulate red blood cell formation.

Question 53

Aspirin helps prevent blood clots by ____.

A)blocking the activation of thrombin
B)reducing platelet aggregation
C)reducing vessel spasm
D)stimulating the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
E)stimulating the activation of factor X

Question 54

Which disorder is similar in nature to sickle-cell anemia?

A)malaria
B)leukemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)thalassemia
E)toxemia

Question 55

Which blood test must be interpreted based on gender?

A)BUN
B)lipid profile
C)ALB
D)AMT
E)A1C

Question 56

Which disorder is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus?

A)malaria
B)leukemia
C)infectious mononucleosis
D)anemia
E)toxemia

Question 57

White blood cells are classified as ____________________.

Question 58

The first step in the prevention of blood loss from an injured vessel is ____.

A)platelet plug formation
B)increased blood flow
C)coagulation
D)clot retraction
E)vessel spasm

Question 59

The first step in wound healing is ____.

A)formation of an embolus
B)platelet aggregation
C)vessel spasm
D)fibrinogen formation
E)formation of a blood clot

Question 60

What initiates the extrinsic clotting mechanism?

A)activation of thrombin
B)substances entering the blood from damaged tissue
C)aspirin
D)conversion fibrinogen to fibrin
E)activation of factor X

Question 66

Explain why a person with type A blood cannot receive a transfusion of type B blood. How is this process different than a mismatched transfusion associated with the Rh antigen?

Question 67

The condition which a clot is lodged in an unbroken blood vessel is ____________________.

Question 68

The enzyme ____________________ converts prothrombin to thrombin.

Question 69

A clot that circulates in the bloodstream is a(n)____________________.

Question 70

The condition ____________________ can occur when an Rh- woman becomes pregnant by an Rh⁺ man.

Question 71

____________________ is a substance released from metabolically active muscle and its concentration in the blood can be used to assess kidney function.