Deck 5: Making Decisions

Question 1

A ____ consists of written steps in diagram form, as a series of shapes connected by arrows.

A) pseudocode chart
B) flowchart
C) sequence structure
D) decision structure

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When an expression containing a ____ is part of an if statement, the assignment is illegal.

A) single equal sign
B) greater than sign
C) double equal sign
D) Boolean value

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Computers contain switches that are set to on or off.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An alternative to using a Boolean expression, such as someVariable == 10 , is to store the Boolean expression's value in a Boolean variable.

Question 5

Although it is possible to block statements that depend on an if , you cannot likewise block statements that depend on an else .

Question 6

When you place a block within an if statement, it is crucial to place the ____ correctly.

A) periods
B) angle brackets
C) commas
D) curly braces

Question 7

When you block statements, you must remember that any ____ you declare within a block is local to that block.

A) method
B) expression
C) variable
D) decision

Question 8

A(n) ____ statement is the decision structure you use when you need to take one or the other of two possible courses of action.

A) Boolean
B) dual-alternative if
C) single-alternative if
D) if

Question 9

You use the NOT operator, which is written as the exclamation point (!), to negate the result of any Boolean expression.

Question 10

Statements in which an if structure is contained inside another if structure are commonly called ____ if statements.

A) nested
B) logical
C) blocked
D) inside

Question 11

When you use nested if statements, you must pay careful attention to placement of any else clauses.

Question 12

When writing a statement with the two-line format, you must be sure to type a semicolon at the end of the first line in order to ensure accurate results.

Question 13

Although not required, it is common procedure to align the keyword if with the keyword else .

Question 14

In the switch structure, break is followed by one of the possible values for the test expression and a colon.

Question 15

You write pseudocode in everyday language, not the syntax used in a programming language.

Question 16

When you execute an if…else statement, only one of the resulting actions takes place depending on the evaluation of the ____ following the if .

A) Boolean expression
B) keyword
C) else statement
D) independent statement

Question 17

The simplest statement you can use to make a decision is the ____ statement.

A) this
B) Boolean
C) true false
D) if

Question 18

A logical structure called a(n) ____ structure is when one step follows another unconditionally.

A) straight
B) decision
C) sequence
D) unconditional

Question 19

When you create a block, you must place multiple statements within it.

Question 20

Just as you can block statements that depend on an if , you can also block statements that depend on a(n) ____.

A) Boolean expression
B) else
C) constant
D) operator

Question 21

____ is a tool that helps programmers plan a program's logic by writing plain English statements.

A) A flowchart
B) A sequence structure
C) Pseudocode
D) A decision structure

Question 22

The disadvantage to using the conditional operator is that it ____.

A) is inefficient
B) has high precedence
C) can be difficult to read
D) slows execution time

Question 23

You can use the ____, which is written as || , if you want some action to occur when at least one of two conditions is true.

A) conditional OR operator
B) logical AND operator
C) range check
D) switch statement

Question 24

A(n) ____ is particularly useful when two conditions must be met before some action is taken.

A) logical NOT operator ( ! )
B) equivalency operator ( == )
C) nested if statement
D) sequence structure

Question 25

When you use the && operator, you must include a complete _____ on each side.

A) mathematical expression
B) Boolean expression
C) variable
D) operator

Question 26

The ____ statement is useful when you need to test a single variable against a series of exact integer, character, or string values.

A) switch
B) if
C) else
D) break

Question 27

When using equals and not equals for comparisons with objects, you compare the objects' ____ instead of actual values.

A) reference fields
B) primitive data types
C) Boolean values
D) memory addresses

Question 28

A ____ chooses among alternative courses of action based on some value within a program.

A) short-circuit structure
B) sequence structure
C) decision structure
D) block structure

Question 29

A(n) ____ is a series of if statements that determine whether a value falls within a specified range.

A) scope check
B) if check
C) range test
D) range check

Question 30

The ____ operator is written as the exclamation point ( ! ).

A) equality
B) AND
C) assignment
D) NOT

Question 31

Which operator has the highest precedence?

A) exponent ( ^ )
B) NOT ( ! )
C) multiplication ( * )
D) AND ( && )

Question 32

You are never required to use a  switch  structure; you can always achieve the same results with ____ statements.

A) nested if
B) sequence structure
C) boolean
D) looping

Question 33

The ____ requires three expressions separated with a question mark and a colon.

A) flowchart
B) conditional operator
C) sequence structure
D) conditional statement

Question 34

When working with logical operators, you can always use ____ to change precedence.

A) conditional operators
B) break statements
C) parentheses
D) semicolons

Question 35

The compiler does not take indentation into account when compiling code, but consistent indentation can help readers understand a program's ____.

A) machine language
B) class
C) decision
D) logic

Question 36

Using the flowchart above, which decision statement will correctly check that hoursWorked is greater than or equal to the FULL_WEEK constant?

A) hoursWorked == FULL_WEEK
B) hoursWorked > FULL_WEEK
C) hoursWorked >= FULL_WEEK
D) hoursWorked != FULL_WEEK

Question 37

The ____ operator is always evaluated before the OR operator.

A) Assignment
B) AND
C) Conditional
D) Logical

Question 38

____ involves choosing between alternative courses of action based on some value within a program.

A) An equivalency operator
B) A sequence structure
C) Pseudocode
D) A decision structure

Question 39

The AND operator is written as two ____.

A) plus signs
B) equal signs
C) ampersands
D) asterisks

Question 40

Both  &  and  |  are valid Java operators, but a single & or | with integer operands operates on individual ____  rather than making comparisons in logical conditions as  &&  and  ||  do.

A) variables
B) bits
C) constants
D) characters

Question 43

An alternative to using a Boolean expression, such as quizScore == 10 , is to store the Boolean expression's value in a Boolean variable. How could you express this in Java?

Question 48

Within an if or an else statement, how can you code as many dependent if statements as you need and why is this useful?

Question 51

Why do programmers use pseudocode?

Question 52

Describe how a sequence structure works.

Question 60

Why would a programmer execute more than one statement that depends on the evaluation of a Boolean expression, and how could he or she do it in Java?

Question 61

What is a range check?  Provide an example of a range check using a series of if..else statements using the values defined below.
final double HIGH_LIM = 1000.00;
final double HIGH_RATE = 0.08;
final double MED_LIM = 500.00;
final double MED_RATE = 0.06;
final double LOW_RATE = 0.05;

Question 62

if(qtySold > QUOTA)
    bonusPay = 50;
    totalPay = regPay + bonusPay;
System.out.println("Your totalPay amount is " + totalPay);
Why is the above code incorrect? Write the code that will provide the correct result.

Question 63

if(firstValue == secondValue)
{
    int total = firstValue + secondVaue;
    System.out.println("The values are equal");
}
System.out.println("The total is " + total);
Why will the above println() statement cause an error?

Question 64

Write a nested if statement that will check if the variable qtySold is greater than the QTY_QUOTA constant. If true, evaluate a second expression that will check if the variable totalSales is greater than the constant SALES_QUOTA . If the second expression is also true, create an assignment statement that will assign the constant BONUSAMT to the variable bonus . After BONUSAMT is assigned, the if structure ends.

Question 65

List and explain the keywords used with the switch statement.

Question 66

Write a single-alternative if statement that will check if a variable named maxValue is equal to 100. If true, use a println statement to output "You have reached the limit".

Question 67

Why would a programmer use an && operator when using nested if statements?

Question 68

Create an if statement that checks if the variable salesAmt is greater than or equal to the QUOTA_AMT constant. Use the logical OR operator to also check if salesAmt is greater than or equal to the HIGH_SALES constant. If either expression is true, assign the value of the LARGE_QUOTA constant to the variable bonusAmt .

Question 69

public class Student
{
    private int studentNum;
    private int studentScore;
    public int MAX_NUM = 500;
    public int MAX_SCORE = 100;
    Student(int num, int score)
    {
    }
Decision making can be used to control the allowed values in an object's fields. In the above code, the Student class contains two fields that hold a student number and a score. A constructor accepts values for these fields as parameters. Write the code between the curly brackets that will determine whether the value of num is less than the MAX_NUM constant. If true, assign the value of num to studentNum . Otherwise, assign the value of MAX_NUM to the studentNum . Then check if the value of score is less than or equal to MAX_SCORE . If true, assign the value of score to studentScore . Otherwise, assign 0 to studentScore .

Question 70

Create an if…else statement that will check if the maxValue variable is equal to 100. If true, create a println statement that will output "Max reached". If false, create a println statement to output "Keep trying".

Question 71

Use the above flowchart to create the code using the logical && operator to determine if a SALES_BONUS will be assigned to the variable bonus .

Question 72

Explain the use of the NOT operator.

Question 73

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Using the above flowchart and code, why will the above statements execute but provide unintended results? Write the statement correctly.

Question 74

What is wrong with the following statement? How could you correct it?
if(payRate < 5.85 && payRate > 60)
System.out.println("Error in pay rate");

Question 75

In Boolean expressions, when you want to execute more than one statement based on the results of the expression, you place statements within a block. What is a block and why is it important in decision statements? Why are curly braces crucial when blocking an if statement?

Question 76

if (maxValue = 100)
    System.out.println ("Your limit has been reached");
Why is the above if statement illegal? How would you fix it?

Question 77

Create an if statement that will check if the variable salesAmt is greater than the constant SALES_QUOTA . If true, create a block statement that will calculate salesAmt * BONUS_PERCENT and store the result in a variable named bonusPay . The block statement will then compute totalPay by adding salesAmt to bonusPay . Outside of the if structure, add a println statement that will output the totalPay value. Be sure to use curly braces and semicolons appropriately.

Question 78

Create a switch statement that will test the value of a variable named score . If score has a value of 5, create a println statement that will output "Excellent". If score has a value of 4, create a println statement that will output "Great". If score has a value of 3, create a println statement that will output "Good". If score has a value of 2, create a println statement that will output "Fair". If score has a value of 1, create a println statement that will output "Needs improvement". If score does not contain a matching value for any of the case statements, create a println statement that will output "Retake test".

Question 79

Using the above flowchart, write the nested if…else statements that will correctly choose among alternative courses of action based on the values of itemsSold and totalValue .

Question 80

What is a conditional operator? Show an example of an expression that uses a conditional operator.