Deck 7: How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Approximately 5% of a person's body weight is replaced by new tissue each day.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

You can treat constipation by drinking plenty of fluids.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

​Water,sodium,and chloride are mainly absorbed by the small intestine.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Microorganisms in the gut produce biotin,vitamin B12,and vitamin K.​

Question 5

The amount of salivary amylase produced by individuals _____.​

A)​is the same for everyone
B)varies based on level of hunger
C)varies based on genetic traits
D)decreases with age
E)​increases with age

Question 6

​Too little fiber is a common cause of constipation and can generally be relieved,and subsequently prevented,by including _____ grams of dietary fiber daily.

A)​5-15
B)15-20
C)25-30
D)35-40
E)​45-50

Question 7

Cells lining the intestinal tract are replaced every _____.​

A)​day
B)one to three days
C)five to seven days
D)month
E)​120 days

Question 8

​Excessive amounts of certain vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C,thiamin,and sodium are _____.

A)​largely excreted in urine
B)largely excreted in perspiration
C)largely excreted in feces
D)stored in the liver
E)​stored in muscle

Question 9

Alcohol consumed with meals is absorbed in the _____.​

A)​small intestine only
B)liver and stomach
C)stomach only
D)large intestine only
E)​small intestine and stomach

Question 10

Inadequate fiber intake has been reported to worsen the symptoms of heartburn in some people.​

Question 11

The salivary glands produce enzymes that help to break down _____.​

A)​fiber and starch
B)carbohydrates and proteins
C)proteins and fats
D)starch and fats
E)​fats and fiber

Question 12

Pepsin is produced by the _____.​

A)​mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)large intestine
E)​gallbladder

Question 13

If diarrhea lasts for more than two weeks or is severe,it can lead to dehydration,heart and kidney malfunction,and death.​

Question 14

Enzymes are not changed by the chemical reactions they affect.​

Question 15

IBS has been found to be associated with the development of serious diseases.​

Question 16

Ingestion of dried beans,broccoli,cauliflower,brussels sprouts,onions,and corn can be related to _____ in the _____.​

A)​lactose intolerance; stomach
B)constipation; large intestine
C)stomach acid production; stomach
D)acid reflux; esophagus
E)​bacterial production of gas; large intestine

Question 17

Digestive disorders are the leading cause of hospitalization among U.S.adults aged 45 to 64.​

Question 18

The broken-down products of protein digestion are largely absorbed into the lymph vessels.​

Question 19

There is evidence that you can improve your health by periodically "cleansing" or "detoxifying" the colon.​

Question 20

High-fiber meals pass through the digestive system somewhat slower than low-fiber meals.​

Question 21

Overgrowth of bacteria in the large intestine and sensitivity to certain foods and _____ appear to be parts of the problem in IBS.​

A)​heartburn
B)ulcers
C)stress
D)medications
E)​lack of physical activity

Question 22

Fingerlike projections called _____ line the inside of the intestinal wall and increase its surface area.​

A)​branches
B)villi
C)dendrites
D)papillae
E)​fringe

Question 23

The detection of _____ substances can lead to mechanisms that promote the development of diarrhea that will flush potential toxins out of the body.​

A)​umami
B)bitter
C)sour
D)sweet
E)​salty

Question 24

When the diet contains sufficient _____,the bulge of digesting food in the intestine tends to be larger.​

A)​starch
B)fiber
C)glucose
D)fructose
E)​lactose

Question 25

Which beverage(s)may worsen the symptoms of heartburn?​

A)​tea only
B)alcohol only
C)coffee only
D)tea and coffee
E)​alcohol and coffee

Question 26

Approximately _____% of the end products of carbohydrate digestion are absorbed.​

A)​65
B)75
C)80
D)90
E)​99

Question 27

Which sugar is a monosaccharide?​

A)​starch
B)maltose
C)lactose
D)galactose
E)​sucrose

Question 28

Ingestion of _____ may lead to gas formation by bacteria that produce gas as a waste product of carbohydrate digestion?​

A)​lactose and aspartame
B)fructose and sorbitol
C)glucose and saccharin
D)maltose and mannitol
E)​sucrose and isomalt

Question 29

Bile is stored in the _____.​

A)​stomach
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder
E)​small intestine

Question 30

It is best to avoid which food during diarrhea?​

A)​milk
B)yogurt
C)chicken
D)rice
E)​soft drinks

Question 31

Constipation is _____.​

A)​medically defined to exist when an individual does not have a bowel movement every day
B)a disease
C)treated by drinking plenty of fluids
D)characterized by difficulty passing stools because they are hard and dry
E)​relieved by cleansing the colon

Question 32

How long do most solid foods tend to stay in the stomach?​

A)​20 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 to 4 hours
D)6 to 8 hours
E)​approximately 12 hours

Question 33

Which enzyme breaks down starch?​

A)​sucrase
B)lipase
C)amylase
D)trypsin
E)​maltase

Question 34

Which enzymes help with protein digestion?​

A)​amylase and lipase
B)sucrase and maltase
C)maltase and lactase
D)pepsin and trypsin
E)​lipase and lactase

Question 35

The broken-down products of fat digestion are largely absorbed into the _____ system,whereas carbohydrate and protein broken down products enter the _____ system.​

A)​nervous; circulatory
B)muscular; skeletal
C)lymphatic; circulatory
D)lymphatic; nervous
E)​circulatory; lymphatic

Question 36

Lipase _____.​

A)​breaks down starch into disaccharides
B)splits short-chain amino acids into smaller molecules
C)breaks down fats into fragments of fatty acids and glycerol
D)separates disaccharides into monosaccharides
E)​separates protein into shorter chains of amino acids

Question 37

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders including heartburn and ulcers.Throughout his college career Sean has experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder.Today is Sean's 22nd birthday and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks.At the restaurant Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint-chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to help celebrate Sean's birthday.They all enjoy the dessert and drinks,especially Sean,who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages.A few hours later Sean is feeling bloated,has abdominal cramps,and experiences diarrhea.He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest.
The enzyme that breaks down the fat in the brownie is produced in the _____.​

A)​stomach
B)small intestine
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder
E)​liver

Question 38

Heartburn _____.​

A)​occurs when the valve at the top of the stomach relaxes
B)is related to poor kidney function
C)is related to the presence of some heart conditions
D)symptoms include bloating
E)​is not affected by lifestyle changes

Question 39

Most cases of diarrhea are due to _____.​

A)​immunizations against infectious diseases
B)fatty foods
C)interactions between malnutrition and infection
D)large meals
E)​dehydration

Question 40

​Which enzyme separates the disaccharide sucrose in the monosaccharides glucose and fructose?

A)​sucrase
B)lipase
C)amylase
D)lactase
E)​maltase

Question 41

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
large intestine​

Question 42

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
liver​

Question 43

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​circulatory system

Question 44

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
salivary glands​

Question 45

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​inflammation

Question 46

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​enzymes

Question 47

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
pancreas​

Question 48

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
stomach​

Question 49

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
small intestine​

Question 50

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​esophagus

Question 51

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders including heartburn and ulcers.Throughout his college career Sean has experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder.Today is Sean's 22nd birthday and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks.At the restaurant Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint-chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to help celebrate Sean's birthday.They all enjoy the dessert and drinks,especially Sean,who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages.A few hours later Sean is feeling bloated,has abdominal cramps,and experiences diarrhea.He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest.
The burning sensation that Sean is feeling is his chest is most likely a symptom of which digestive disorder?​

A)​lactose intolerance
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)ulcers
D)heartburn
E)​constipation

Question 52

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​tongue

Question 53

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​gallbladder

Question 54

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​bile

Question 55

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​digestion

Question 56

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​disaccharides

Question 57

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​absorption

Question 58

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders including heartburn and ulcers.Throughout his college career Sean has experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder.Today is Sean's 22nd birthday and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks.At the restaurant Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint-chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to help celebrate Sean's birthday.They all enjoy the dessert and drinks,especially Sean,who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages.A few hours later Sean is feeling bloated,has abdominal cramps,and experiences diarrhea.He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest.
A couple of weeks later Sean has a doctor's appointment where his doctor discovers he has a stomach ulcer.What would the most likely treatment for the ulcer?​

A)​a beverage that contains electrolytes
B)relaxation exercises
C)adding soluble fibers to his diet
D)increased physical activity
E)​antibiotics

Question 59

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders including heartburn and ulcers.Throughout his college career Sean has experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder.Today is Sean's 22nd birthday and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks.At the restaurant Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint-chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to help celebrate Sean's birthday.They all enjoy the dessert and drinks,especially Sean,who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages.A few hours later Sean is feeling bloated,has abdominal cramps,and experiences diarrhea.He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest.
What was most likely the cause of Sean's ulcer?​

A)​anxiety over his upcoming midterm exams
B)intake of fatty foods
C)Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection
D)intake of spicy foods
E)​overeating

Question 60

Sean is a college senior who has a family history of digestive disorders including heartburn and ulcers.Throughout his college career Sean has experienced symptoms related to these disorders but has not been medically treated for any digestive disorder.Today is Sean's 22nd birthday and his friends have decided to take him out for a few drinks.At the restaurant Sean and his friends are surprised when the waitress brings them a large mint-chocolate brownie with creamy mint frosting to help celebrate Sean's birthday.They all enjoy the dessert and drinks,especially Sean,who ends up eating the majority of the brownie and drinks three alcoholic beverages.A few hours later Sean is feeling bloated,has abdominal cramps,and experiences diarrhea.He is also experiencing a burning sensation in his chest.
What is most likely the cause Sean's diarrhea?​

A)​sugar
B)contaminated food
C)alcohol
D)intake of fatty food
E)​stress

Question 61

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​duodenal and stomach ulcers

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​hemorrhoids

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​lymphatic system

Question 64

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
diarrhea

Question 65

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​probiotics

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​starch

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​umami

Question 68

Discuss the specific functions of microorganisms in the gut.​

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​monosaccharides

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​heartburn

Question 71

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​microbes

Question 72

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
​flatulence

Question 73

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.mechanical and chemical processes whereby ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestinal tract and utilized by the body
b.process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from the digestive system into body fluids for transport throughout the body
c.simple sugars consisting of one sugar molecule
d.protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
e.complex carbohydrates made up of complex chains of glucose molecules
f.simple sugars consisting of two sugar molecules
g.yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver
h.network of vessels that absorb some of the products of digestion and transport them to the heart,where they are mixed with the substances contained in blood
i.the heart,arteries,capillaries,and veins responsible for circulating blood throughout the body
j.condition that results when acidic stomach contents are released into the esophagus
k.swelling of veins in the anus or rectum
l.disorder of bowel function characterized by chronic or episodic gas; abdominal pain; diarrhea,constipation,or both.
m.recognized as the fifth basic taste
n.live bacteria that are taken orally to restore beneficial bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract
o.presence of three or more liquid stools in a 24-hour period
p.presence of excess gas in the stomach and intestines
q.microscopic organisms including bacteria and fungi 
r.open sores in the lining of the duodenum or the stomach
s.reactions of the body to the presence of infectious agents,toxins,or irritants
irritable bowel syndrome