Deck 8: Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Question 1

The onset of satiety can be overridden.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Energy-requiring processes of basal metabolism include _____.​

A)​energy expended during the transport of nutrients
B)energy expended during the digestion of food
C)standing
D)walking
E)​maintenance of body temperature

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Men and women can quickly estimate the calories needed for basal metabolic processes by multiplying their body weight in pounds by 12.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Carbohydrates provide more calories per gram than fats.​

Question 5

A large percentage of people actually have an unusually low BMR.​

Question 6

People have a tendency to underestimate time spent in physical activity.​

Question 7

Physical activity is the largest contributor to energy needs.​

Question 8

Mechanisms that encourage food intake depend on weight status.​

Question 9

The caloric content of individual foods makes them good or bad.​

Question 10

The calorie is used as a measure of _____.​

A)​energy
B)temperature
C)length
D)weight
E)​volume

Question 11

1 kcal = _____ kJ​

A)​1.5
B)4.2
C)7.4
D)9.7
E)​12.0

Question 12

Most foods contain a mixture of energy nutrients.​

Question 13

Your estimated total daily need for calories is the sum of calories used for basal metabolism,physical activity,and dietary thermogenesis.​

Question 14

The amount of heat released by food while burning in a bomb calorimeter is approximately the same as the amount of energy it supplies to the body.​

Question 15

Alcohol serves as a source of energy.​

Question 16

Fried chicken and grilled chicken have the same energy density.​

Question 17

The first law of thermodynamics applies to energy balance in humans.​

Question 18

You can generally estimate the caloric value of food by how it tastes or by how appetizing it looks.​

Question 19

Calories are a component of food like vitamins and minerals.​

Question 20

The body has highly effective means of discouraging excessive intake of calories.​

Question 21

Energy-dense foods _____.​

A)​increase dietary thermogenesis
B)increase BMR
C)are associated with reduced weight
D)tend to be nutrient rich
E)​tend to be nutrient poor

Question 22

​Appetite is _____.

A)​a feeling of weakness due to hunger
B)a feeling of fullness
C)aroused by thoughts of food
D)accompanied by unpleasant physical symptoms
E)​accompanied by unpleasant psychological sensations

Question 23

Kristin requires 1,500 calories for basal metabolism and 750 calories for physical activity daily.How many calories does she require for dietary thermogenesis?​

A)​150
B)225
C)500
D)750
E)​1,000

Question 24

Which body tissue is the least metabolically active?​

A)​brain
B)body fat
C)muscle
D)kidney
E)​liver

Question 25

Physical activity includes _____.​

A)​walking
B)breathing
C)growth
D)renewal of muscle tissue
E)​renewal of bone tissue

Question 26

A diet that regularly includes energy-dense foods is associated with _____.​

A)​type 2 diabetes
B)osteoporosis
C)headaches
D)gestational diabetes
E)​dehydration

Question 27

Which food has a low energy density?​

A)​fried chicken
B)bologna
C)watermelon
D)chocolate ice cream
E)​potato salad

Question 28

Mario,a college student,requires 1,800 calories a day for basal metabolism and maintains an average level of physical activity.Approximately how many calories would he require for physical activity?​

A)​540
B)720
C)900
D)1,080
E)​1,350

Question 29

Calculate the calories for a flour tortilla that contains 3 grams of fat,2 grams of protein,and 17 grams of carbohydrate.​

A)​95
B)103
C)125
D)170
E)​198

Question 30

Which activity level describes someone who sits most of the day and moves around slowly or stands for less than two hours?​

A)​resting
B)inactive
C)average
D)active
E)​highly active

Question 31

A positive energy balance is normal during _____.​

A)​pregnancy only
B)childhood but not pregnancy
C)weight loss resulting from an illness
D)participation in weight-loss programs
E)​pregnancy and childhood

Question 32

An "average" activity level requires roughly _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.​

A)​20
B)30
C)40
D)50
E)​60

Question 33

Which factor can influence basal metabolism?​

A)​muscle mass
B)age
C)ethnicity
D)climate
E)​humidity

Question 34

What contributes the most to energy need?​

A)​dietary thermogenesis
B)physical activity
C)basal metabolism
D)digestion
E)​nutrient storage

Question 35

Sam is an inactive 150-pound male who spends most of his time sitting in class or at his desk job in the library.Calculate the approximate total number of calories expended for basal metabolism,physical activity,and dietary thermogenesis.​

A)​1,650
B)2,145
C)2,360
D)2,500
E)​2,645

Question 36

​Jennifer weighs 120 pounds.Approximately how many calories does she need per day for basal metabolic processes?

A)​1,200
B)1,320
C)1,560
D)1,725
E)​1,865

Question 37

Which food consists almost exclusively of one energy nutrient?​

A)​potatoes
B)bread
C)steak
D)avocados
E)​oil

Question 38

Adults who maintain their weight are in a state of _____.​

A)​negative energy balance
B)positive energy balance
C)energy balance
D)energy intake
E)​energy need

Question 39

Basal metabolic rate is determined clinically and in research studies by _____.​

A)​body mass index
B)skinfold measurements
C)waist circumference
D)bomb calorimeter
E)​indirect calorimetry

Question 40

Basal metabolism accounts for _____% of the total need for calories in the vast majority of people.​

A)​10-20
B)20-30
C)35-50
D)60-75
E)​80-95

Question 41

If 1.5 fluid ounces of 80 proof liquor contains 14 grams of alcohol,how many calories are provided by this drink?​

A)​14 calories
B)22 calories
C)56 calories
D)98 calories
E)​126 calories

Question 42

A whole-wheat bagel is 291 calories and contains 62 grams of carbohydrates.What is the percentage of calories from carbohydrates?​

A)​21%
B)44%
C)62%
D)85%
E)​100%

Question 43

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
Approximately how many calories per day does Eric need for basal metabolic processes?​

A)​1,500 calories
B)1,750 calories
C)1,925 calories
D)2,167 calories
E)​2,359 calories

Question 44

An "active" activity level requires approximately _____% of the calories needed for basal metabolism.​

A)​50
B)55
C)60
D)70
E)​75

Question 45

Hunger _____.​

A)​occurs more often in people who are underweight
B)occurs more often in people who are overweight
C)does not depend on weight
D)is triggered by seeing or smelling food
E)​is the desire to eat

Question 46

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
Calculate the total number of calories Eric needs each day to maintain his current body weight.​

A)​3,055 calories
B)3,176 calories
C)3,245 calories
D)3,385 calories
E)​3,462 calories

Question 47

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​appetite

Question 48

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
If a donut provides 150 calories and weighs 20 grams,what is its energy density?​

A)​1.5
B)3.5
C)5.5
D)7.5
E)​9.5

Question 49

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​indirect calorimetry

Question 50

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​basal metabolism

Question 51

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​physical activity

Question 52

Bill weighs 185 pounds.Approximately how many calories does he need per day for basal metabolic processes?​

A)​1,850
B)2,035
C)2,250
D)2,452
E)​2,500

Question 53

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
A frozen Salisbury steak dinner with gravy,mashed potatoes,and corn contains 27 grams of protein,54 grams of fat,and 47 grams of carbohydrates.How many calories are provided by the meal?​

A)​188 calories
B)257 calories
C)486 calories
D)782 calories
E)​925 calories

Question 54

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
calorie​

Question 55

A chocolate chip cookie contains 11 grams of carbohydrates,2 grams of protein,and 5 grams of fat.What is the percentage of calories from carbohydrates,protein,and fat?​

A)​27% carbohydrates,15% protein,57% fat
B)33% carbohydrates,18% protein,48% fat
C)38% carbohydrates,3% protein,58% fat
D)42% carbohydrates,5% protein,52% fat
E)​45% carbohydrates,8% protein,46% fat

Question 56

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
What percentage of calories from the Salisbury steak dinner are coming from protein,fat,and carbohydrates,respectively?​

A)​12% protein,45% fat,43% carbohydrate
B)14% protein,54% fat,32% carbohydrate
C)14% protein,62% fat,24% carbohydrate
D)20% protein,49% fat,31% carbohydrate
E)​23% protein,41% fat,36% carbohydrate

Question 57

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​dietary thermogenesis

Question 58

Four ounces of hamburger is 316 calories and contains 32 grams of protein.What is the percentage of calories from protein?​

A)​25%
B)32%
C)41%
D)50%
E)​61%

Question 59

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​basal metabolic rate

Question 60

Eric signed up for a nutrition class this semester with the hope that he would learn how to improve his diet and lose weight in the process.Eric has had a difficult time in the past understanding important aspects of energy balance,such as how many calories his diet should provide for weight loss and how to determine whether a food provides only a few or many calories.Eric weighs 175 pounds and is 5' 8".He enjoys playing sports such as basketball,softball,and soccer,but most days of the week he is too busy with classes and school work to engage in much physical activity.Generally,he sits most of the day and spends two to four hours per day walking and moving around.
Eric's diet consists mainly of processed foods and he tries to avoid eating at fast food restaurants.A typical day includes a donut or pastry and a coffee with cream and sugar for breakfast,a couple of sandwiches with bologna,salami,and cheese on white bread for lunch,and one or two frozen entrées from his freezer such as a fried chicken,Salisbury steak,or a cheese enchilada for dinner.Eric feels like the amount of food he eats is reasonable,and he cannot understand why he is not losing weight.
Which choice would lower in energy-density and a good replacement for Eric's bologna,salami,and cheese sandwich?​

A)​sliced turkey breast with lettuce on whole-wheat bread
B)cheeseburger with lettuce on a hamburger bun
C)fried fish with tartar sauce on a hamburger bun
D)ground beef hard shell taco
E)​fried chicken and potato salad

Question 61

Match the calories per gram with the appropriate source of energy.Answers may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.3
b.4
c.7
d.9
​fat

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
first law of thermodynamics

Question 63

Discuss the first law of thermodynamics and how it applies to energy balance in humans.​

Question 64

Discuss energy density and how it may be associated with the obesity epidemic in the United States.​

Question 65

Match the calories per gram with the appropriate source of energy.Answers may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.3
b.4
c.7
d.9
d​carbohydrate

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​hunger

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​energy density

Question 68

Match the calories per gram with the appropriate source of energy.Answers may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.3
b.4
c.7
d.9
​protein

Question 69

Match the calories per gram with the appropriate source of energy.Answers may be used more than once or not at all.​
a.3
b.4
c.7
d.9
​alcohol

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.​
a.energy expended during the digestion of food and the absorption,utilization,storage,and transport of nutrients
b.rate at which energy is used by the body when it is at complete rest
c.number of calories per gram of food
d.method of measuring energy expenditure from determination of the amount of oxygen utilized by the body during a specific unit of time
e.energy used to support body processes such as growth,health,tissue repair and maintenance,and other functions
f.unit of measure used to express the amount of energy produced by food in the form of heat
g.feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat
h.unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food
i.desire to eat
j.uses energy to perform muscular work
k.states that energy can be transformed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
​satiety