Deck 15: Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

​A negative nitrogen balance may occur with a fever.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​Every protein in the body is composed of the same combination of amino acids.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Dried beans and grains are good sources of protein.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

​Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is considered safe for athletes.

Question 5

​The biggest users of amino acid supplements are athletes.

Question 6

​Many people in the United States suffer from protein deficiency.

Question 7

​We need a fresh supply of nonessential amino acids daily.

Question 8

​Protein does not have a storage form in the body.

Question 9

​The assembly of amino acids into proteins is directed by RNA.

Question 10

​During starvation,body proteins will be used as a major source of energy.

Question 11

​Dietary patterns consisting only of plant foods can provide an adequate amount of complete proteins.

Question 12

​Kwashiorkor is only due to a lack of protein.

Question 13

​To obtain maximum muscle strength,one should take amino acid supplements daily.

Question 14

​Essential amino acid or protein supplements by themselves can increase muscle size and strength.

Question 15

​Milk is a complete protein.

Question 16

​Tyrosine is an essential amino acid.

Question 17

​Protein serves as an energy source.

Question 18

​Amino acid supplements are harmless no matter how much is taken.

Question 19

​Even lean meats provide a considerable proportion of their total calories as fat.

Question 20

A standard serving of meat is about the size of your whole hand.

Question 21

Robert is an older adult who wants to increase his strength and has recently started a resistance training program.To maximize gains,Robert should consume _____ grams of high-quality protein shortly after his workout.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)30
E)40

Question 22

If any of the essential amino acids are missing from the diet,proteins _____.

A)​​are needed in larger amounts than nonessential amino acids
B)will be formed using a nonessential amino acid
C)will be formed using glucose in place of the missing essential amino acid
D)will be formed using fatty acids in place of the missing essential amino acid
E)will be formed using cholesterol in place of the missing essential amino acid

Question 23

What causes kwashiorkor to develop in some children with protein-calorie malnutrition?

A)an infection
B)genetic traits triggered by low protein intake
C)an inability to utilize protein and fat normally during starvation
D)an allergic reaction to certain essential amino acids
E)a parasite found in water

Question 24

Proteins _____.

A)are only found in animal products
B)cushion vital organs
C)are critical for nerve function
D)function as an insulator to preserve body heat
E)are a major component of hormones

Question 25

We need a fresh supply of essential amino acids _____.

A)at every meal
B)daily
C)at least every other day
D)weekly
E)monthly

Question 26

High intake of protein increases _____ need.

A)glucose
B)water
C)fat
D)iron
E)calcium

Question 27

​The RDA for protein is _____ grams for adult women and _____ grams for adult men.

A)​25; 35
B)32; 42
C)41; 49
D)46; 56
E)​50; 62

Question 28

The primary structure of proteins is _____.

A)a branched arrangement of linked amino acids
B)a linear arrangement of linked amino acids
C)folded chains of amino acids
D)a three-dimensional structure
E)multiple,linked chains of amino acids

Question 29

Diets that provide too little protein are mostly likely deficient in _____.

A)vitamin B12
B)vitamin D
C)calcium
D)sodium
E)potassium

Question 30

Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is related to the development of symptoms such as _____.

A)heartburn
B)constipation
C)vomiting
D)nausea
E)increased muscle mass

Question 31

Essential amino acids _____.

A)​​are needed in larger amounts than nonessential amino acids
B)are only found in fortified breakfast cereals
C)are more important than the nonessential amino acids
D)must be obtained from the diet
E)are also referred to as "dispensable amino acids"

Question 32

The National Academy of Sciences has concluded that the risk of the development of weak bones,kidney stones,cancer,heart disease,and obesity does not appear to be increased among individuals consuming _____% of total calories from protein.

A)5-15
B)10-20
C)10-35
D)20-40
E)30-45

Question 33

During starvation,to meet the need for energy,the body will extract protein from the liver,intestines,heart,muscles,and other organs and tissues.

Question 34

Which source of protein is considered a complete protein?

A)corn
B)rice
C)lima beans
D)peanuts
E)milk

Question 35

Amino acids missing their nitrogen component are converted to _____ that can then be used to form energy.

A)glucose (only)
B)glycogen (only)
C)fat (only)
D)glucose or glycogen
E)glucose or fat

Question 36

Red blood cells are made primarily from protein.

Question 37

How many common amino acids form proteins?

A)​​10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)​50

Question 38

High-protein diets are often accompanied by high _____ intake.​

A)​​carbohydrate
B)added sugar
C)fat
D)fiber
E)​alcohol

Question 39

Which protein source has the highest iron content?

A)hamburger
B)pork chop
C)tuna
D)shrimp
E)baked chicken

Question 40

There are _____ essential amino acids.

A)2
B)5
C)9
D)11
E)20

Question 41

Hemoglobin is an example of a _____ type of protein structure.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)quinary

Question 42

Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth,pregnancy,_____,and recovery from illness or injury.

A)fasting
B)breastfeeding
C)undernutrition
D)burns
E)fever

Question 43

A small amount of protein (1%)can be obtained from the _____ and used to cover occasional deficits in protein intake.

A)kidneys (only)
B)liver (only)
C)blood (only)
D)kidneys and liver
E)liver and blood

Question 44

Which amino acid is essential?

A)asparagine
B)tryptophan
C)glycine
D)glutamine
E)proline

Question 45

Which protein source is considered a complete source of protein for adults but may not meet the essential amino acid requirements for young infants?

A)oatmeal
B)whole wheat bread
C)lima beans
D)peanut butter
E)soybeans

Question 46

The process of protein turnover utilizes roughly _____ ounces of protein each day.

A)three
B)six
C)nine
D)twelve
E)fifteen

Question 47

Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements.However,Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health.Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
Sam is excited to try some different amino acid supplements he believes might enhance his muscle strength.What should his sister Katie tell him?

A)It might be a good idea to supplement his diet because he is a vegetarian.
B)Only purchase amino acids supplements that are highly recommended by the sales staff at the supplement store.
C)The purity,dosage,and safety of the amino acid supplements available on the Web and in stores are not guaranteed.
D)Amino acid supplements are not safe and he should try protein powders.
E)The supplements will most likely work better for muscle strength building than high-quality protein from foods.

Question 48

Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements.However,Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health.Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
What should Sam do within an hour after his workout to enhance muscle protein synthesis,muscle mass,and muscle recovery?

A)Take a walk and drink plenty of water.
B)Consume some caffeine.
C)Drink a fruit smoothie.
D)Consume 20 grams of high-quality protein.
E)Take a nap.

Question 49

Sam has been looking into ways to supplement his diet with amino acid supplements.However,Sam's sister Katie is concerned that the supplements could adversely affect his health.Answer the following questions to help Sam make the best decisions for increasing protein intake without experiencing negative side effects.
Which food in Sam's diet should he consume after a workout?

A)whole-grain bread
B)a hard-boiled egg
C)coffee
D)steel-cut oats
E)a banana

Question 50

The RDA for iron for women aged 19 to 30 years is _____ milligrams.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25
E)30

Question 51

High-protein diets are often accompanied by low _____ intakes.

A)carbohydrate
B)added sugar
C)fat
D)fiber
E)alcohol

Question 52

Which food has the lowest protein content (percentage of total calories)?

A)tuna (3 oz)
B)cottage cheese (½ cup)
C)skim milk (1 cup)
D)tofu (½ cup)
E)leg of lamb (3 oz)

Question 53

Which food has the highest protein content (percentage of total calories)?

A)tuna (3 oz)
B)cottage cheese (½ cup)
C)skim milk (1 cup)
D)tofu (½ cup)
E)leg of lamb (3 oz)

Question 54

Inadequate protein intake is related to _____ in children.

A)impulsiveness
B)slower reaction times
C)hyperactivity
D)decreased growth
E)violent behavior

Question 55

Nearly half of the protein found in the human body is _____.

A)found in muscle
B)present in the skin
C)present in the blood
D)present in enzymes
E)in organs such as the heart

Question 56

Protein contains _____ calories per gram.

A)two
B)four
C)five
D)seven
E)nine

Question 57

The tertiary structure of proteins is _____.

A)a branched arrangement of linked amino acids
B)a linear arrangement of linked amino acids
C)folded chains of amino acids
D)a three-dimensional structure
E)multiple,linked chains of amino acids

Question 58

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​complete proteins

Question 59

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​DNA

Question 60

Which source of protein is considered an incomplete protein?

A)cheese
B)pinto beans
C)skim milk
D)eggs
E)fish

Question 61

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​hormone

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​protein

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​nitrogen balance

Question 64

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​kwashiorkor

Question 65

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​urea

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​essential amino acids

Question 67

Describe three functions of protein in the human body.​

Question 68

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​nonessential amino acids

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​incomplete proteins

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.difference between nitrogen intake and excretion
b.blood proteins such as antibodies that play a role in the immune system
c.genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
d.amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
e.amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
f.end product of protein decomposition and chief component of urine
g.proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
h.form of severe protein-energy malnutrition in young children
i.substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
j.proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
k.chemical substance in foods made up of chains of amino acids
​immunoproteins