Deck 20: Vitamins and Your Health

Question 1

Due to the addition of folic acid to grain products,the prevalence of neural tube defects has been reduced substantially.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​Coenzyme Q10 is an essential vitamin.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Niacin,thiamin,riboflavin,and choline are all B-complex vitamins.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cooking and softening vegetables such as tomatoes decreases the availability of beta-carotene and several beneficial phytochemicals.

Question 5

Free radicals are produced during energy production,by breathing,and by the immune system to help destroy bacteria and viruses that enter the body.​

Question 6

Forms of vitamin A are used in the treatment of acne.

Question 7

Deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins generally take longer to develop than deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins when intake from food is too low.

Question 8

A review of research studies concluded that the use of vitamin C supplements significantly reduces the duration of colds.

Question 9

Red peppers and guava are excellent sources of vitamin C.

Question 10

Sweet potatoes are a good source of beta-carotene.

Question 11

Vitamins K,B12,and B6 function as antioxidants.

Question 12

People with vitamin K deficiency bruise easily.

Question 13

​ULs are assigned to vitamins to indicate levels of vitamin intake from foods,fortified foods,and supplements that should not be exceeded.

Question 14

Fourteen vitamins have been discovered.

Question 15

Vitamin C is best known as the sunshine vitamin.

Question 16

Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.

Question 17

Intake of antioxidant vitamins in supplements decreases the risk of heart disease.

Question 18

Most vitamins serve as components of body tissues such as bone and muscle.

Question 19

Milk contains a substantial amount of vitamin E.

Question 20

Orange juice is naturally rich in vitamin D.

Question 21

What is a precursor of vitamin A?

A)cholesterol
B)thiamin
C)ascorbic acid
D)beta-carotene
E)tocopherol

Question 22

Individuals _____ are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.

A)who are obese
B)who are 35 years old or older
C)who are vegans
D)with neurological disorders
E)with dark skin

Question 23

What is a consequence of vitamin A deficiency?

A)megaloblastic anemia
B)xerophthalmia
C)pellagra
D)lung damage
E)hearing loss

Question 24

With vitamin A deficiency,collagen becomes weak.

Question 25

Which vitamin plays a key role as a hormone in combating chronic inflammation and helps build strong bones?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin C
D)thiamin
E)biotin

Question 26

Which foods are high in beta-carotene?

A)spinach,kale,and carrots
B)brown rice,chicken,and pork
C)milk and yogurt
D)shrimp and fish
E)peanut butter,almonds,and pine nuts

Question 27

Lecithin is considered a nonvitamin.

Question 28

Which vitamin is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after intake of the vitamin stops and there are no known consequences of overdose?

A)niacin
B)vitamin B6
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin B12
E)vitamin A

Question 29

The RDA for vitamin A for adults could easily be met by consuming a 3-ounce serving of clams.

Question 30

Which food preparation method would most likely retain the most vitamins?​

A)​boiling food in water and discarding the water
B)steaming food in a small amount of water and using the cooking water
C)canning
D)steaming food in a large amount of water and discarding the water
E)​drying

Question 31

Adequate consumption of _____ before and early in pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of neural tube defects.

A)folic acid
B)vitamin A
C)thiamin
D)vitamin C
E)vitamin E

Question 32

The primary food sources of vitamin C are _____.

A)meat and poultry
B)milk and cheese
C)dried beans and eggs
D)fruits and vegetables
E)fish and seafood

Question 33

What is a primary function of choline?

A)It acts as an antioxidant.
B)It aids in red blood cell development.
C)It serves as a structural and signaling component of cell membranes.
D)It enhances iron absorption.
E)It participates in the regulation of gene expression.

Question 34

The need for vitamin C increases among smokers.

Question 35

People should consume at least _____ servings of fruits and vegetables a day to obtain an assortment of vitamins.

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)six
E)seven

Question 36

A nonvitamin is _____.

A)riboflavin
B)pyridoxine
C)folacin
D)alpha-tocopherol
E)pangamic acid

Question 37

The water-soluble vitamins include _____.

A)vitamins A,D,E,and K
B)vitamins A and C
C)vitamins A and E
D)B-complex vitamins and vitamins D and K
E)B-complex vitamins and vitamin C

Question 38

Which vitamin is required for reactions that build and maintain collagen?

A)vitamin D
B)pantothenic acid
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin C
E)vitamin A

Question 39

Vitamin K is produced _____.

A)in the liver from cholesterol
B)by bacteria in the gut
C)in the skin from exposure to direct sunlight
D)by the skeletal system
E)during energy formation

Question 40

Vitamin C is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after intake of the vitamin stops.

Question 41

Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​
Rhonda wants to find a natural source of vitamin D.Which of the following sources would provide vitamin D and fit into her vegan lifestyle?

A)consuming fish 1 to 2 times per week
B)consuming skim milk
C)exposure to direct sunlight for 5 to 10 minutes each day
D)consuming salad dressing
E)consuming peanut butter

Question 42

The AI for adult men and women for vitamin B12 is 2.4 mcg.A serving of which food will most likely meet the AI for vitamin B12?

A)yogurt (1 cup)
B)rice (½ cup)
C)skim milk (1 cup)
D)cottage cheese (1 oz)
E)liver (3 oz)

Question 43

Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​
Chase does not think it is possible to overdose on vitamins.Which water-soluble vitamin could cause problems such as nausea and cramps if consumed in excess?

A)vitamin B12
B)vitamin C
C)biotin
D)pantothenic acid
E)riboflavin

Question 44

What is the RDA for adult men and women for folate?

A)100 mcg
B)200 mcg
C)300 mcg
D)400 mcg
E)500 mcg

Question 45

Which B vitamin is needed for reactions that convert glucose into energy?

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)folate
E)choline

Question 46

The recommended intake of vitamin D was recently increased to _____ mcg daily for adults.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25
E)30

Question 47

Which food is a good source of folate?

A)tuna
B)beef
C)dried beans
D)cottage cheese
E)bananas

Question 48

Studies indicate that adequate _____ status helps prevent and decreases the severity of measles and other infectious diseases.

A)vitamin B6
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin C
E)vitamin K

Question 49

Vitamin K plays an important role in _____.​

A)​vision
B)blood clotting
C)nervous system functioning
D)cell division
E)​manufacture of collagen

Question 50

Regularly consuming _____ would help increase vitamin D intake.

A)peanuts
B)cheese
C)olive oil
D)turkey
E)salmon

Question 51

Which B vitamin may protect against colon cancer in the early stages of development?

A)vitamin B5
B)folate
C)niacin
D)pyridoxine
E)thiamin

Question 52

High doses of _____ raise HDL cholesterol levels and lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

A)thiamin
B)vitamin B12
C)niacin
D)choline
E)biotin

Question 53

Antioxidants _____.

A)provide energy
B)increase the rate at which reactions take place in the body
C)can damage DNA
D)can be formed from alcohol
E)donate electrons to stabilize oxidized molecules

Question 54

Alterations in behavior such as _____ often precede the physical signs of vitamin deficiency.

A)increased appetite
B)irritability
C)fatigue
D)nervousness
E)impaired coordination

Question 55

Pellagra is a consequence of _____ deficiency.

A)niacin
B)vitamin B6
C)vitamin C
D)biotin
E)choline

Question 56

What is a primary function of riboflavin?​

A)​It helps maintain normal nervous system functions.
B)It promotes normal appetite.
C)It helps the body capture and use energy released from carbohydrates,proteins,and fats.
D)It acts as an antioxidant.
E)​It transports and metabolizes fat and cholesterol.

Question 57

The suggested intake for beta-carotene is _____ mg.

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)9
E)10

Question 58

Milk comes in opaque containers because _____ is destroyed by exposure to light.

A)riboflavin
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin B4
E)vitamin B6

Question 59

Which food is a good source of vitamin E?

A)watermelon
B)sunflower seeds
C)tomatoes
D)pork chops
E)cheese

Question 60

A consequence of vitamin C deficiency is _____.

A)kidney stones
B)dermatitis
C)beriberi
D)scurvy
E)hypertension

Question 61

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
vitamins​

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
water-soluble vitamins​

Question 63

Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​
Chase is concerned that Rhonda is not getting some essential vitamins because of her vegan diet.Which vitamin could Rhonda consider supplementing due to the fact that it is only found in animal products and microorganisms?

A)vitamin B12
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E
E)vitamin B6

Question 64

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
coenzymes​

Question 65

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
fat-soluble vitamins​

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
free radicals​

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
precursor​

Question 68

Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​Chase and Rhonda are studying for the nutrition quiz on vitamins.Over the semester break Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant,a multivitamin,and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status.Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products)for several months.As they study for their quiz they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins.Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle,but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements.Help them study for their quiz and answer their questions about the need for vitamins.​
Which foods will most likely increase Chase's intake of antioxidants so he does not feel the need to take an antioxidant supplement?

A)macaroni,flour tortillas,and avocados
B)turkey,eggs,and garbanzo beans
C)corn,swordfish,and potatoes
D)milk,yogurt,and orange juice
E)broccoli,cantaloupe,and wheat germ

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
​chronic inflammation

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.components of food required by the body in small amounts for growth and health maintenance
b.nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient
c.chemical substances,including many vitamins,that activate specific enzymes
d.chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals
e.primarily stored in body fat and the liver
f.can be stored in the body only in small amounts
g.low-grade inflammation that lasts weeks,months,or years
h.chemical substances that are missing an electron
​antioxidants