Deck 21: Phytochemicals

Question 1

Phytochemicals play a variety of roles in plants,including providing protection against bacterial,viral,and fungal infections.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Beta-carotene helps prevent the spread of bacteria that cause infection.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 50.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The sale of ackee fruit is currently banned in the United States.

Question 5

Deficiency diseases develop when we fail to consume phytochemicals.

Question 6

Soaking cassava roots in water for three nights will get rid of the cyanide.

Question 7

Supplementation of specific vitamins and minerals yields the same health benefits as diets rich in fruits and vegetables.

Question 8

You can identify food sources rich in phytochemicals by their bright color.

Question 9

The macula is yellow due to its content of anthocyanins.

Question 10

Dark green vegetables are often good sources of orange and yellow carotenes.

Question 11

More than 2,000 types of phytochemicals that act as pigments have been identified.​

Question 12

Most bioactive food constituents are derived from foods of animal origin.

Question 13

Medical visits for children and adults for symptoms of excess caffeine intake have sharply increased in the United States in recent years.

Question 14

The FDA has banned the sale of beverages containing both caffeine and alcohol.

Question 15

Regular caffeine intake has been found to decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 16

Antioxidants are both consumed in foods and produced by the body.

Question 17

Phytochemicals have been found to play a role in preventing the development of diabetes.

Question 18

A phytochemical present in apples,onions,and grapes influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds.

Question 19

The content of flavonoids in chocolate products decreases with the amount of cocoa in the products.

Question 20

Meats,dairy products,eggs,and other animal products contain biologically active substances that affect body processes.

Question 21

Spinach,collard greens,rhubarb,and other dark green,leafy vegetables contain _____.

A)oxalic acid
B)phytate
C)solanine
D)lycopene
E)flavonoids

Question 22

Which phytochemical is found in the skin of red grapes,peanuts,tea,blueberries,and cranberries and plays role in the prevention of inflammation?

A)resveratrol
B)caffeine
C)lycopene
D)allicin
E)zeaxanthin

Question 23

Diets high in _____ have been found to produce mineral deficiency diseases.

A)phytate
B)proanthocyanidins
C)resveratrol
D)quercetin
E)oxalic acid

Question 24

Which food contains zoochemicals?

A)​coffee
B)tea
C)eggs
D)walnuts
E)​pecans

Question 25

A rich source of flavonoids is _____.

A)​whole grains
B)potatoes
C)eggs
D)cocoa
E)​artichokes

Question 26

Which food is a rich source of proanthocyanidins?

A)tomatoes
B)oranges
C)brussels sprouts
D)cranberries
E)garlic

Question 27

Flavonoids are found in good amounts in foods such as _____.

A)raspberries
B)oranges
C)strawberries
D)coffee
E)sunflower seeds

Question 28

Which vegetable is part of the cruciferous family?

A)cucumbers
B)green beans
C)carrots
D)green peppers
E)broccoli

Question 29

Which phytochemical gives plants a blue-purple pigment?

A)anthocyanins
B)solanine
C)lutein
D)zeaxanthin
E)lycopene

Question 30

Caffeine or regular coffee intake has been found to decrease _____.

A)blood pressure
B)heart palpitations
C)the risk of all cancers
D)depression
E)occurrence of migraine headaches

Question 31

​Phytochemicals have been found to play a role in preventing the development of _____.

A)​measles
B)pneumonia
C)colds
D)celiac disease
E)​cancer

Question 32

Which beverage has the highest caffeine content?

A)green tea (1 cup)
B)Coca-Cola (12 oz)
C)Coca-Cola (12 oz)
D)ginger ale (12 oz)
E)Mountain Dew (12 oz)

Question 33

Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)K

Question 34

Increased intake of _____ helps prevent deterioration of the macula and improves the maintenance of vision.

A)caffeine
B)zeaxanthin
C)resveratrol
D)allicin
E)lycopene

Question 35

Which phytochemical gives plants a red pigment?

A)beta-carotene
B)lycopene
C)lutein
D)allicin
E)quercetin

Question 36

The phytochemical _____ helps decrease chronic inflammation due to excess body fat,improves insulin utilization,and may decrease bone loss.

A)quercetin
B)proanthocyanidins
C)lycopene
D)beta-carotene
E)lutein

Question 37

Which phytochemical gives plants an orange pigment?

A)lutein
B)allicin
C)beta-carotene
D)anthocyanins
E)quercetin

Question 38

Which source of caffeine is considered a non-prescription drug?

A)Dr.Pepper
B)Rockstar Energy Shot
C)Excedrin
D)Cocoa
E)Red Bull

Question 39

Solanine _____.

A)has caused hundreds of deaths
B)can give you a stomachache
C)causes vitamin deficiency diseases
D)can cause konzo
E)in small amounts is harmless

Question 40

Phytochemicals are _____.

A)a significant source of calories
B)not considered nutrients
C)not considered essential nutrients
D)present in plants and animal products
E)present predominately in dairy products

Question 41

Which food is a rich source of lutein?

A)milk
B)onions
C)cherries
D)spinach
E)tomatoes

Question 42

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has a family history of age-related macular degeneration.Which food will help reduce her risk of developing this disease?

A)garlic
B)eggs
C)cheese
D)spinach
E)grapes

Question 43

The fruit of unopened,unripe _____ contains high concentrations of phytochemicals that cause severe vomiting and a drastic drop in blood glucose levels.

A)cassava
B)breadfruit
C)ackee
D)jackfruit
E)star fruit

Question 44

Caffeine has been found to reduce the risk of _____.

A)osteoporosis
B)macular degeneration
C)multiple sclerosis
D)rheumatoid arthritis
E)type 2 diabetes

Question 45

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
According to ChooseMyPlate.gov Kelly's plate should be _____.

A)⅛ vegetables and fruits
B)¼ vegetables and fruits
C)½ vegetables and fruits
D)¾ vegetables and fruits
E)all vegetables and fruits

Question 46

The phytochemical allicin is found in _____.

A)bananas
B)soybeans
C)garlic
D)limes
E)flaxseed

Question 47

Which food is actually a good source of a number of phytochemicals even though it may be considered a "vitamin weakling"?

A)celery
B)spinach
C)carrots
D)blueberries
E)strawberries

Question 48

Regular intake of _____ reduces the symptoms of urinary tract infections and helps prevent them from developing and recurring.

A)orange juice
B)pineapple juice
C)guava nectar
D)mango nectar
E)cranberry juice

Question 49

Which food is among the top five sources of phytochemicals?

A)strawberries
B)walnuts
C)grape juice
D)pineapple juice
E)kale

Question 50

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly would like to have at least one good source of antioxidants in her diet.Which food would be her best choice?

A)pomegranates
B)whole-grain bread
C)cucumbers
D)corn
E)apple juice

Question 51

Most of the caffeine in diets comes from _____.

A)tea
B)chocolate
C)coffee
D)nonprescription drugs
E)soft drinks

Question 52

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has heard conflicting information about the health and safety of drinking coffee.What advice would you give her about coffee and caffeine?

A)Coffee is an essential component of a healthy diet and should be consumed regularly.
B)Caffeine has both positive and negative health effects.
C)Caffeine has been found to help reduce the risk of several major chronic diseases and has no potential side effects.
D)Drink tea instead of coffee because it has more antioxidants.
E)Caffeine should be avoided because it is highly addictive.

Question 53

Which food is most likely a source of beta-carotene?

A)cranberries
B)wine
C)corn
D)sweet potatoes
E)watermelon

Question 54

Excess caffeine intake can lead to _____ in some people.

A)anxiety
B)depression
C)infertility
D)poor wound healing
E)fatigue

Question 55

If cassava is not prepared correctly,the naturally occurring toxin _____ can cause konzo.

A)oxalic acid
B)cyanide
C)solanine
D)phytate
E)caffeine

Question 56

Large quantities of solanine can _____.​

A)​give you a headache
B)interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses
C)reduce the absorption of magnesium
D)cause a drastic drop in blood glucose levels
E)​cause a drastic drop in blood pressure

Question 57

Konzo is characterized by _____.

A)liver damage
B)heart palpitations
C)a severe headache
D)permanent,spastic paralysis
E)severe vomiting

Question 58

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Kelly has heard that broccoli and cabbage can reduce the risk of cancer.Which family of vegetables do these foods belong to?

A)goosefoot
B)buckwheat
C)gourd
D)onion
E)cruciferous

Question 59

​Kelly has read about the powerful phytonutrients in plants and wants to start consuming foods that provide her with the highest amounts of phytochemicals.She decides to go shopping and look for some of the foods she read about in her nutrition book.Kelly also wants to identify which foods will help her reduce certain health problems that she is genetically predisposed to.Answer the following questions to help Kelly with her shopping.
Which fruit will most likely help Kelly increase lycopene in her diet?

A)cantaloupe
B)kiwi
C)tomato
D)banana
E)orange

Question 60

Which naturally occurring toxin limits the absorption of calcium and iron?

A)oxalic acid
B)solanine
C)phytate
D)cyanide
E)ackee

Question 61

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​phytate

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​quercetin

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​phytochemicals

Question 64

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​age-related macular degeneration

Question 65

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​cyanide

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​solanine

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​flavonoids

Question 68

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​xanthophylls

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​zoochemicals

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.influences inflammation by modifying the expression of genes that promote the production of pro-inflammatory compounds
b.act as antioxidants and reduce inflammation
c.bitter-tasting,insect-repelling phytochemical that is normally found only in the leaves and stalks of potato plants
d.tightly binds to zinc,iron,calcium,magnesium,and copper,and reduces their absorption
e.a harmful substance found in cassava
f.biologically active substances in plants that have positive effects on health
g.sulfur-containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cross
h.eye damage caused by oxidation of the macula
i.chemical substances in animal foods,some of which may be biologically active in the body
j.a yellow-orange pigment in plants
​cruciferous family