Deck 23: Good Things to Know About Minerals

Question 1

The body contains 40 or more minerals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The DASH dietary pattern is a basic component of hypertension treatment.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

To find out which processed foods are high in sodium,you have to taste them.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Vitamin D is required for the absorption of calcium and the incorporation of calcium into bones.

Question 5

Hypertension substantially increases the risk that a person will develop heart disease or kidney failure.

Question 6

Some of the iron in stainless steel pans leaches out during cooking and can be a significant source of iron.

Question 7

The most widespread nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries is iron deficiency.

Question 8

Zinc in whole-grain products is readily available because it is bound to protein.

Question 9

The majority of minerals are lost during the preparation of dried fruits.

Question 10

The ingestion of seawater decreases the need for water.

Question 11

On average,32% of the calcium content of milk and milk products is absorbed.

Question 12

Minerals consist of a single atom and carry a charge.​

Question 13

Only 1% of the calcium in the body is found in blood and other body fluids.

Question 14

Men are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis than women.

Question 15

Iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children is related to lasting retardation in mental development.

Question 16

Bones continue to increase in width and mineral content even after adolescence.

Question 17

Manganese is not an essential mineral.

Question 18

The majority of our total sodium intake enters our diet from fresh foods.

Question 19

Electroencephalograms record electrical activity in the heart.

Question 20

Most of the body's iron supply is found in myoglobin.

Question 21

Most of the iron in plants and eggs is tightly bound to substances such as _____,which limit iron absorption.

A)solanine or cyanide
B)cyanide or phytates
C)phytates or oxalic acid
D)oxalic acid or solanine
E)phytates or solanine

Question 22

Which food will most likely retain its mineral content well during storage and preparation?

A)canned fruit
B)frozen fruit
C)dried fruit
D)dried beans boiled in water (water drained)
E)dried beans boiled in water (water used)

Question 23

Salt sensitivity is more common in _____ than in other population groups.

A)Asian Americans
B)American Indians
C)Caucasians
D)African Americans
E)Mexican Americans

Question 24

A primary function of fluoride is to _____.

A)act as an antioxidant
B)processed foods
C)maintain an appropriate water balance in the body
D)regulate energy production
E)help rebuild enamel that is beginning to decay

Question 25

Absorption of iron from plants is increased substantially if foods containing vitamin _____ are included in the same meal.

A)D
B)E
C)K
D)C
E)A

Question 26

Water balance and cell functions are upset when there is an imbalance in the body's supplies of _____.

A)sodium and potassium
B)copper and chromium
C)magnesium and zinc
D)iodine and selenium
E)chloride and fluoride

Question 27

People whose sole source of zinc is _____ have developed zinc deficiency,even though their intake of zinc is adequate.

A)milk products
B)whole grains
C)nuts and seeds
D)legumes
E)meat

Question 28

Which food should you avoid if you wanted to limit sodium in your diet?

A)rice
B)almonds
C)salad dressing
D)chicken
E)orange juice

Question 29

The RDA for calcium is set at _____ mg per day for adults aged 19 to 50.

A)1,000
B)1,200
C)1,400
D)1,600
E)1,800

Question 30

Directly after oxygen attaches to iron in hemoglobin _____.

A)oxygen enters the lungs
B)carbon dioxide is released from iron in hemoglobin
C)oxygen enters the lungs
D)oxygenated hemoglobin is transported in blood to body cells
E)iron in hemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide from cells and transports it to the lungs

Question 31

Diets low in _____ are a well-established risk factor for hypertension.potassium

A)calcium
B)potassium
C)magnesium
D)zinc
E)phosphorus

Question 32

The leading source of sodium in the U.S.diet is _____.

A)salt added at the table
B)processed foods
C)salt added during food preparation
D)meats
E)milk products

Question 33

Which food increases iron absorption?

A)tea
B)eggs
C)grains
D)corn
E)alcohol

Question 34

Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by _____.

A)a decreased heart rate
B)paleness
C)tooth decay
D)muscle cramps
E)nausea and vomiting

Question 35

A consequence of iodine deficiency is _____.

A)thyroid disease
B)hair loss
C)slow wound healing
D)hypertension
E)diabetes

Question 36

Peak bone density is reached somewhere between the ages of _____.

A)10 and 20
B)20 and 30
C)30 and 40
D)40 and 50
E)50 and 60

Question 37

The RDA for iron is set at _____ milligrams per day for women aged 19 to 50.​

A)​15
B)18
C)21
D)24
E)​27

Question 38

Chromium is essential for _____.

A)maintaining the right acid-base balance of body fluids
B)the activation of many enzymes involved in the reproduction of proteins
C)nerve activity
D)the formation of bone
E)normal utilization of glucose and fat

Question 39

Calcium is essential for _____.

A)cholesterol production
B)normal utilization of glucose
C)protein formation
D)blood clotting
E)a strong immune system

Question 40

A risk factor for osteoporosis is _____.

A)moderate alcohol intake
B)frequent stress
C)cigarette smoking
D)regular physical activity
E)obesity

Question 41

Excess iron absorbed into the body cannot be easily excreted and can result in diabetes,heart failure,and _____.selenosis

A)osteoporosis
B)kidney disease
C)joint pain
D)selenosis
E)liver disease

Question 42

A consequence of phosphorus overdose is _____.

A)dehydration
B)an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
C)drowsiness
D)increased blood lipids
E)infertility in men

Question 43

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​cofactors

Question 44

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​essential hypertension

Question 45

Lina is no longer anemic but would like to avoid becoming so in the future.What should she do?

A)Purchase an iron supplement.
B)Purchase a multivitamin.
C)Include fortified grain products and meat in her diet.
D)Exercise regularly.
E)Reduce her sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day.

Question 46

The UL for sodium is set at _____ mg.

A)2,100
B)2,300
C)2,500
D)2,700
E)2,900

Question 47

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​hemochromatosis

Question 48

Blood pressure levels less than _____ mm Hg are considered normal.

A)80/60
B)100/70
C)120/80
D)140/90
E)160/100

Question 49

A risk factor for hypertension is _____.

A)deficient vitamin D status
B)menopause
C)physical inactivity
D)exposure to environmental toxins
E)depression

Question 50

What is a good source of potassium?

A)potatoes
B)corn
C)rice
D)pine nuts
E)bread

Question 51

Some plants such as _____ provide appreciable amounts of calcium.

A)carrots
B)tomatoes
C)peas
D)kale
E)corn

Question 52

What should Jen do to decrease her risk of developing osteoporosis?

A)Try medications that enhance bone formation.
B)Get plenty of sunlight and consume dairy products.
C)Lose weight.
D)Reduce her stress.
E)Regularly consume seafood.

Question 53

While at the discount store the four friends also notice a lot of food products with the claim "reduced sodium." This label means the product _____.

A)contains 75% less sodium than the customary amount
B)contains less than 5 mg of sodium per serving
C)contains 140 mg or less of sodium per serving
D)contains at least 25% less sodium than the customary amount
E)had no salt added during processing

Question 54

Iron deficiency generally affects _____.

A)pregnant women
B)adolescents
C)adults between the ages of 20 and 30
D)adults over the age of 50
E)men

Question 55

Copper is essential for _____.

A)the formation of body fat
B)brain development
C)muscle activity
D)blood clotting
E)the transfer of oxygen from one molecule to another

Question 56

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​hemoglobin

Question 57

Much of the sodium on this planet is in the form of sodium _____.

A)carbonate
B)sulfate
C)bicarbonate
D)hydroxide
E)chloride

Question 58

Drew,Steven,Jen,and Lina are college friends who are shopping at the local discount store.As they walk through the pharmacy department,they notice the free automated blood pressure machine.For fun,they all decide to check their blood pressure.Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg,Steven's reading is 138/89 mm Hg,Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg,and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg.
While in the pharmacy section,they also look through the vast array of supplements.Jen has a family history of osteoporosis and is of Asian descent.She has a small bone frame and is also a smoker.She looks at the calcium supplements but is not sure what she might need to prevent osteoporosis.
In the past,Lina has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia and is currently not taking any dietary supplements.She shops in the iron supplement section but is also confused on what to buy.Drew and Steven decide to purchase a large bottle of multivitamins to share.Neither Drew nor Steven consistently consumes vegetables or fruits,and they think that taking a supplement would be good for their health and reduce their risk of hypertension and stroke.
Who has prehypertension?

A)Lina
B)Drew
C)Steven
D)Jen and Lina
E)Drew and Steven

Question 59

Which mineral is a trace mineral?

A)iodine
B)calcium
C)iron
D)zinc
E)potassium

Question 60

Which food contains the most iron?

A)chicken (3 oz)
B)rye bread (1 slice)
C)fish (3 oz)
D)prune juice (1 cup)
E)peas (½ cup)

Question 61

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​water balance

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​iron-deficiency anemia

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​osteoporosis

Question 64

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​osteomalacia

Question 65

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​minerals

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​prehypertension

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​hypertension

Question 68

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​remodeling

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​iron deficiency

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​myoglobin

Question 71

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.specific,single atoms that perform particular functions in the body
b.individual minerals required for the activity of certain proteins
c.breakdown and buildup of bone tissue
d.condition characterized by porous bones due to mineral loss
e.iron-containing protein in red blood cells
f.an inherited tendency to absorb too much iron
g.disorder that results from a depletion of iron stores in the body
h.in adults,typical blood pressure levels of 120/80 mm Hg through 139/89 mm Hg
i.iron-containing protein in muscle cells
j.condition that results when the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron
k.high blood pressure of no known cause
l.genetically influenced condition in which a person's blood pressure rises when high amounts of salt or sodium are consumed
m.ratio of the amount of water outside cells to the amount inside cells
n.high blood pressure
o.rickets in adults
​salt sensitivity