Deck 10: Weight Managementspotlight: the Eating Disorders

Question 1

Underweight individuals should reduce activity only if their health is in danger due to the underweight condition.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

High blood pressure can often be normalized by weight loss.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

For most people, the body's ordinary metabolic activities account for a smaller part of energy expenditure than do muscular activities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A limitation of using BMI is that it does not take into account where fat is located.

Question 5

The incidence of obesity is declining in the United States.

Question 6

A BMI of 30.0 or greater is defined as overweight.

Question 7

The body's density can be determined with hydrostatic weighing since fat tissue is denser than lean tissue.

Question 8

A low-carbohydrate diet forces the body to draw on its own protein for its needed glucose.

Question 9

Surgery is now one of the most common and successful methods used for weight control.

Question 10

A more healthful, nondiet approach to weight loss is to measure success by the strides made in adopting good eating and exercise habits rather than weight on the scale.

Question 11

An increase in body weight seen on a scale indicates that a pound of fat has been gained.

Question 12

Obesity is defined by the amount of body fat rather than one's body weight.

Question 13

The nervous system will use fat for fuel when in a state of fasting or carbohydrate deprivation.

Question 14

Obesity prevention is critical during childhood since this is when fat cells increase in size.

Question 15

Large initial changes in a person's scale weight is often temporary and due to large losses of fluid.

Question 16

Of two individuals with the same BMI, it is possible for one to have too little body fat and one to have too much body fat.

Question 17

Excess weight around the hips, thighs, and buttocks suggests a greater risk of heart disease than fat anywhere else on the body.

Question 18

The most accurate way to find out how much you should weigh is to look up your ideal weight in the ideal weight tables.

Question 19

Hitting a plateau 3 weeks into a new eating plan for weight loss is a sign that energy intake is too high.

Question 20

Basal metabolic rate is the only component of energy expenditure which an individual has voluntary control over.

Question 21

Inactivity is a major contributor to obesity in America in both adults and children.

Question 22

Mary wants to lose weight in her thighs and stomach only. What should you tell her about weight loss and "spot reducing"?

A) It requires special exercises.
B) It works best with food reduction.
C) It is not possible.
D) It works best with exercise and fasting.
E) It works best if vitamin supplements are also taken.

Question 23

Pear-shaped people are at a greater risk for developing diabetes, hypertension, elevated levels of blood cholesterol, and heart disease than apple-shaped people.

Question 24

______ is the most valid criterion by which to judge the effectiveness of a diet.

A) Speed of weight loss
B) Amount of weight lost
C) Amount of fat lost
D) Maintenance of weight loss afterward
E) Amount of water lost

Question 25

Obesity is defined as weight that is ____ or more above the desirable weight for height or a BMI of ____ or greater.

A) 10; 25
B) 25; 30
C) 20; 30
D) 20; 28
E) 15; 35

Question 26

When protein is stored in the form of fat, it can be converted back into protein later through a process known as protein synthesis.

Question 27

The best time to try to change a behavior is when things are changing in your life, such as during a divorce or a move to another state.

Question 28

The condition in which someone binges on all types of foods and then purges by vomiting is called bulimia nervosa.

Question 29

A measurement that correlates strongly with body fat content but does not identify the location of body fat is ______.

A) body mass total
B) body mass index
C) body mass tables
D) chart weights
E) height-weight-ratio

Question 30

Two pounds of body fat is equal to approximately ____ calories.

A) 2,500
B) 3,500
C) 5,000
D) 6,500
E) 7,500

Question 31

What is not one of the benefits that regular physical activity provides to a weight-management program?

A) Increased self-esteem
B) Increased lean body mass
C) Decreased lean body mass
D) Increased motivation to continue healthy behaviors
E) Increased calorie expenditure

Question 32

The physiological need to eat is _______.

A) satiety
B) appetite
C) hunger
D) obesity
E) starvation

Question 33

What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A) Fever decreases the BMR.
B) Fasting increases the BMR.
C) Pregnancy increases the BMR.
D) Females have a higher BMR than males on a body weight basis.
E) Strength training decreases BMR while endurance training increases it.

Question 34

The _____ refers to the energy needed by the body to support the involuntary processes such as beating of the heart, inhaling and exhaling of air, and maintenance of body temperature.

A) total energy output
B) basic calorie intake
C) base-level rate
D) body mass index
E) basal metabolic rate

Question 35

A low sense of self-esteem is usually only seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Question 36

The _______ theory claims that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls.

A) set-point theory
B) external cue theory
C) internal cue theory
D) fat cell theory
E) evolutionary preset theory

Question 37

What helps keep the body from consuming its vital tissues for energy in a prolonged diet or starvation?

A) Metabolism
B) Ketosis
C) Carbohydrate loading
D) Glycogenation
E) Glycolysis

Question 38

Once you have identified a number of behaviors you would like to change, you should try to change several at once to make incorporating the changes into your lifestyle easier.

Question 39

An appropriate reward for sticking to a weight-loss diet would be buying a new shirt.

Question 40

On average, a man is considered obese if he has over _____ percent body fat.

A) 8
B) 13
C) 25
D) 33
E) 45

Question 41

A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____.

A) 24 inches
B) 28 inches
C) 35 inches
D) 42 inches
E) 48 inches

Question 42

_____ is removed and excreted in the urine when excess amino acids are converted to fat.

A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Carbon
E) Ammonia

Question 43

Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?

A) Females
B) Older individuals
C) Younger individuals
D) People with smaller surface areas
E) Sedentary people

Question 44

The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) ____.

A) determines the rate at which adipose cells store fat
B) signals the pancreas to release insulin
C) signals the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine
D) determines the rate at which the liver makes LDL cholesterol
E) affects the hypothalamus stimulating appetite

Question 45

If Tim eats enough to provide an extra 500 calories per day above his energy needs, how long will it take him to gain about 5 pounds of body fat?

A) 1 week
B) 10 days
C) 2 weeks
D) 4 weeks
E) 5 weeks

Question 46

The ob gene produces a hormone called ____ that tells the body to stop eating when it is released from fat cells.

A) insulin
B) leptin
C) glucagons
D) growth hormone
E) lipase

Question 47

Excess calories, no matter whether the calories are from hamburgers or carrot sticks, will be turned to ____ within a few hours.

A) glucose
B) protein
C) cellulose
D) fat
E) glucagon

Question 48

Twins raised by adoptive parents tend to have body shapes similar to their biological parents. This supports which theory of obesity?

A) External cue
B) Fat cell
C) Behavioral
D) Social influence
E) Genetics

Question 49

Mary is trying to lose weight and realizes that if she reduces her calorie intake by only 200 calories per day below her energy needs, she will lose about ____ pounds in one year.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 35
E) 0

Question 50

Ordinarily, the brain and nerves rely on ____ for energy.

A) fat
B) ketones
C) glycogen
D) glucose
E) maltose

Question 51

Which of the following does not decrease basal metabolic rate?

A) Increasing age
B) Sleep
C) Smoking
D) Low-calorie diets
E) Stretching exercises

Question 52

The person who wishes to gain weight often has to ____.

A) stop all activity
B) eat lots of fats
C) eat more frequently
D) take vitamin pills
E) focus primarily on high-carbohydrate foods

Question 53

Bulimia nervosa may best be described as ____.

A) eating closely monitored amounts of low-calorie foods
B) the compulsive consumption of food followed by purging
C) eating in response to social stimuli
D) absence of hunger and refusal to eat
E) extreme social isolation and preoccupation with death

Question 54

Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the ____.

A) stomach
B) arms and chest
C) hips and thighs
D) neck
E) shoulders

Question 55

Stephanie goes to a personal trainer who tells her she is overweight based on her BMI. Which BMI represents a value that would be categorized as overweight?

A) 21
B) 17
C) 26
D) 24
E) 31

Question 56

The "rule of three" recommends that ____.

A) you should drink three cups of milk daily
B) older adults should exercise 3 days each week to prevent weight gain
C) if you want to change a behavior, you might need to try the new behavior three times before you can accept it
D) individuals on weight-loss diets should eat at least three meals daily to maintain their energy levels
E) three servings of fresh fruits or vegetables should be consumed each day

Question 57

Ketosis occurs when ____.

A) a person overeats
B) a person draws on glycogen for glucose
C) glycogen has been depleted and body fat is used to nourish the brain
D) glucagon runs out and the pancreas stops synthesizing it
E) evenly spaced meals are eaten throughout the day with snacks in between

Question 58

Which statement correctly identifies a specific food intake behavior?

A) A physiological need to eat is called satiety
B) A pleasurable desire for food is called hunger
C) An intense feeling of hunger is called insatiable nervosa
D) A desire to eat without feelings of hunger is called appetite
E) A desire to eat excessive amounts is called negative satiety

Question 59

Sharon weighs 145 pounds and has tried to lose 15 pounds since 10th grade. She loses the weight without too much effort but then over the next few months she returns to her original weight. This would support which obesity theory?

A) Set-point
B) Fat cell
C) Leptin
D) External cue
E) Behavioral

Question 60

If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has ____.

A) more body fat
B) longer bones
C) more body water
D) more muscle mass
E) a lower BMR

Question 61

Vignette #1 Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.
How can a health professional usually distinguish between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

A) The person needs to lose weight initially with anorexia nervosa but not bulimia nervosa.
B) They are not easily distinguishable.
C) Anorexia nervosa leads to an emaciated look, while bulimics may be at their desirable weight.
D) The bulimic usually has low self-esteem while the anorexic does not.
E) Most anorexics are men and most bulimics are women.

Question 62

Vignette #1 Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.
Kelly visits her pediatrician and he notes several symptoms. Which of these symptoms is unlikely to be due to anorexia nervosa?

A) Growth of hair on the body
B) Intolerance of warm temperatures
C) Drying and yellowing of the skin
D) Lowered blood pressure
E) Severe sleep disturbance

Question 63

Mary is looking at a menu trying to decide what to order. She is mindful of her weight, and wants to make a healthful selection. Which item would be the best choice?

A) Rotisserie chicken and mashed sweet potatoes
B) Pasta Alfredo
C) Chicken parmigiana
D) Tempura shrimp
E) Filet with a béarnaise sauce

Question 64

Vignette #1 Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.
Kelly's parents suspect she is purging as a means of maintaining her weight. What complication may occur as a result?

A) Hair loss
B) Constipation
C) Tearing of the esophagus
D) Excessive sleeping
E) Nail growth

Question 65

Trends that promote obesity in the United States include the ____.

A) abundance of green space and attractive sidewalks in most communities
B) availability of milk, juice, and healthful snacks in most workplaces
C) large amount of time children spend watching TV or playing video games
D) small food portion sizes sold at restaurants
E) increase in physical education classes in public schools

Question 66

Repeatedly losing and regaining weight without engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise is unhealthy primarily because ____.

A) this can change body composition
B) this can cause depression/anxiety
C) body fat is lost and regained equally
D) lean muscle tissue is lost and regained
E) damage can occur to vital organs as lean tissue is spared

Question 67

Mimi, who weighs 190 pounds, is trying to figure out a reasonable daily calorie level that will help her lose weight. You suggest she apply the "10-calorie rule," which would mean she should aim for ____ calories a day to begin with, and switch to ____ calories a day after she loses 10 pounds.

A) 2,000; 1,700
B) 1,900; 1,700
C) 1,900; 1,800
D) 1,600; 1,800
E) 1,200; 1,000

Question 68

_______ is a procedure that involves stapling the stomach closed near the top, leaving only a small pouch that is connected directly to the jejunum (middle section of the small intestine).

A) Gastric bypass
B) Liposuction
C) Vertical-banded gastroplasty
D) Horizontal-banded gastroplasty
E) Gastric constriction

Question 69

The two factors most responsible for the epidemic of obesity are ____.

A) physical inactivity and excess calorie intake
B) excess calorie intake and genetics
C) genetics and hormonal imbalances
D) hormonal imbalances and physical inactivity
E) socioeconomic status and genetics

Question 70

Which individual is most likely to succeed in her/his goal of losing weight?

A) Susan, who is going through a divorce and has two small children
B) Bob, who was just laid off from his job
C) Melissa, who is in the middle of studying for final exams in college
D) Dan, who is happily married and likes his job
E) Karen, who has just relocated to a new city after graduating from college

Question 71

Vignette #1 Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.
The member of a treatment team working with a person who has anorexia nervosa would be most focused on proper nutrition is the ________.

A) Psychotherapist
B) Nurse practitioner
C) Family therapist
D) Social worker
E) Dietitian

Question 72

Who probably expended the most calories during her or his workout?

A) Joan, who weighs 130 pounds and ran 2 miles in 17 minutes
B) Bernice, who weighs 130 pounds and walked 3 miles in 45 minutes
C) Jason, who weighs 170 pounds and ran 3 miles in 30 minutes
D) Boris, who weighs 200 pounds and walked 3 miles in 1 hour
E) Alexis, who weighs 140 pounds and rode her bicycle 3 miles in 20 minutes

Question 73

Gerald has restricted his calorie intake while continuing to exercise, and has been losing 1.5 pounds per week. However, when he weighs himself at the end of week 4, he notices he has not lost any weight since last week. What does this likely mean?

A) Gerald's internal thermostat has slowed down his metabolism to prevent fat loss.
B) Gerald is eating in his sleep at night as a response to deprivation.
C) Gerald's body is retaining water temporarily as part of the fat-burning process.
D) Gerald needs to reduce his calorie intake by an additional 500 calories a day.
E) Gerald needs to increase his calories a small amount to prevent ketosis.

Question 74

Ted changed his eating habits to lose weight 2 months ago. Yesterday, he bought a gallon of cherry ice cream because it was on sale and he needed a dessert to take to a family party next week, but then couldn't resist eating two bowls of it last night. Ted is very upset that he has "blown it" and reverted to his former overeating. What should he do now?

A) Forgive himself and avoid keeping ice cream in his freezer overnight in the future.
B) Give up on his improved eating habits because relapses mean certain failure.
C) Practice resisting temptation by keeping ice cream around and not eating it.
D) Eat the rest of the ice cream quickly, and then resume healthful eating habits.
E) Resolve not to purchase any ice cream in the future.

Question 75

Which phrase best describes a very low-calorie diet?

A) It contains just enough carbohydrates to avoid ketosis.
B) It requires a certain amount of stress management techniques.
C) It is only used as a transition to regular meals.
D) It requires medical supervision.
E) It is typically low in fiber and high in saturated fat.

Question 76

Vignette #1 Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.
What would be the best way for the parents to approach Kelly about this problem?

A) Go to school and confront her with the school nurse present.
B) Refuse to accept Kelly's assertion that there is no problem; tell her that they know best.
C) Let Kelly go to the pediatrician alone and then call the pediatrician afterward.
D) Enlist the help of a reputable counselor before intervening.
E) Allow Kelly to work through her own problems without intervening.

Question 77

Among popular diet plans, which has been mentioned as a good option in recent research because of its food variety and evidence-based principles?

A) The South Beach Diet
B) Dr. Ornish Eat More, Weigh Less
C) Weight Watchers
D) The New Glucose Revolution
E) The Atkins diet

Question 78

Which would be an appropriate reward for meeting weight loss goals?

A) Celebrate with friends at your favorite restaurant.
B) Go out for drinks with your boyfriend or girlfriend.
C) Attend a Sunday brunch with a buffet.
D) Go to a theatre with friends to see a show.
E) Skip a meal and splurge by having a favorite sweet treat instead.

Question 79

It is pizza night at the Murphy home and everyone has an opinion about what they should get as a topping on the pizza. Which choice would best support the Murphys in their goal of maintaining healthy weights?

A) Peppers and pepperoni
B) Sausage and garlic
C) Extra cheese and sliced tomatoes
D) Mushrooms and onions
E) Pepperoni and Italian sausage

Question 80

Nancy wants to prevent her daughter Andrea from developing disordered eating patterns as she grows up. What should Nancy do?

A) Scold Andrea for expressing negative emotions like anger or fear in public.
B) Help Andrea learn which foods are good and bad so she can avoid bad foods.
C) Ensure Andrea understands that overeating results in body fatness.
D) Teach Andrea to eat only when she is hungry and stop when she feels full.
E) Help her sign up for a popular diet plan that she can follow long term.