Deck 42: Medical Emergencies

Question 1

Girls are more likely to be affected by asthma than boys until adolescence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Epiglottitis, a bacterial infection involving the epiglottis, is a common condition in the pediatric population.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Benzodiazepines should not be administered unless the child is seizing upon EMS arrival or seizes again during EMS contact.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Conditions that cause a left-to-right shunting of blood are often termed ____ heart disease.

A) cyanotic
B) pericardial
C) hypertrophic
D) acyanotic

Question 5

Meningitis is not a contagious disease.

Question 6

The Paramedic will encounter a relatively small number of critically ill children during a typical career.

Question 7

The mortality from bacterial tracheitis is higher than croup and is related to airway obstruction from edema.

Question 8

Infants who have Tetralogy of Fallot can have ____, in which the infant becomes suddenly cyanotic and has a syncopal episode.

A) hyperglycemic episodes
B) generalized seizures
C) gastroenteritis
D) TET spells

Question 9

Renal colic may occur in teenagers.

Question 10

In the case of a pediatric patient with altered mental status, the use of a coma cocktail (i.e., thiamine, intravenous glucose, and naloxone) without evidence to support the presence of hypoglycemia or opiate overdose is appropriate.

Question 11

Asthma is prevalent in five to ten percent of the pediatric population.

Question 12

Pertussis infects the lining of the stomach.

Question 13

Approximately 30% of ALTE events are due to neurologic complications.

Question 14

Bacterial encephalitis most often occurs from hematogenous spread.

Question 15

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) affects approximately one out of every 100 live births.

Question 16

Pulmonary artery stenosis restricts blood flow to the ____.

A) placenta
B) heart
C) lungs
D) brain

Question 17

Conditions that cause a right-to-left shunt are also called ____ heart disease, due to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation.

A) cyanotic
B) aortic
C) acyanotic
D) hypertrophic

Question 18

The Paramedic should consider analgesia administration in cases of abdominal pain.

Question 19

____ is a severe prolonged asthma attack with significant air trapping and respiratory distress that does not respond to usual treatment aimed at bronchodilation and decreasing inflammation.

A) Pneumonia
B) Status asthmaticus
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Bacterial tracheitis

Question 20

Croup improves in warm, humidified air, which helps alleviate some of the respiratory edema.

Question 21

Patients with ____________________ typically develop prolonged tonic-clonic seizures with massive oxygen, glucose, and energy requirements of the neurons involved.

Question 22

The most frequent cause of ALTE presentations is believed to be ____ related in up to 50% of the cases.

A) immune
B) gastrointestinal
C) endocrine
D) respiratory

Question 23

Status epilepticus traditionally has been defined as seizure activity that lasts for ____ with or without treatment or two seizure episodes without a return to normal mental status in-between seizures.

A) 20 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 40 minutes
D) 60 minutes

Question 24

Children with cystic fibrosis frequently may have a(n) ____________________ in which there is decreased feeding and weight gain along with a gradual deterioration of the respiratory system.

Question 25

____ is the most common complication of premature newly born infants who have not had the opportunity to fully develop their lungs before birth and is caused by the lack of surfactant production.

A) Status epilepticus
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
D) Sudden infant death syndrome

Question 26

____ is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma or tissue itself by either a viral or bacterial pathogen.

A) Status epilepticus
B) Encephalitis
C) Epiglottitis
D) Hyaline membrane disease

Question 27

A(n) ____ occurs when one section of the small bowel or large bowel telescopes into another section of bowel.

A) testicular torsion
B) inguinal hernia
C) ovarian torsion
D) intussusception

Question 28

The medical name for croup is ____________________, indicating the three sites of inflammation associated with the condition.

Question 29

____ is a very common condition that is caused by spasm of the stomach and intestines, typically in response to gas.

A) Celiac disease
B) Rheumatic fever
C) Colic
D) Neurofibromatosis

Question 30

In children who have frequent seizures, caregivers are often instructed to call EMS only if the seizure lasts greater than ____.

A) five minutes
B) ten minutes
C) thirty minutes
D) one hour

Question 31

The child with ____________________ asthma is symptom free for extended periods of time without medication intervention.

Question 32

____ is an uncommon bacterial infection of the trachea that produces significant tracheal and upper bronchial edema and mucus.

A) Status epilepticus
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Bacterial tracheitis
D) Hypoglycemia

Question 33

A(n) ____ typically affects children under one year of age and is characterized by any combination of apnea, change in skin color, change in muscle tone, coughing, or gagging.

A) bronchospasm
B) apparent life-threatening event
C) encephalopathy
D) intussusception

Question 34

____ is a common viral upper respiratory illness that causes edema in the larynx, upper trachea, and larger bronchi.

A) Asthma
B) Gastroenteritis
C) Croup
D) Intussusception

Question 35

____ is a genetic condition in which the patient has increased viscosity of mucosal secretions among other enzymatic and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions.

A) Gastroenteritis
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Colic
D) Epiglottitis

Question 36

____, an endocrine disorder, which is one of the most common chronic diseases among children in the United States, is related to either an absent or significantly decreased production of insulin (type one) or a resistance to insulin produced by the body (type two).

A) Laryngotracheobronchitis
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hyaline membrane disease
D) Parainfluenza

Question 37

Due to the fetus's sensitivity to maternal hypoxia and hypotension, aggressive ____________________ and circulatory support is necessary.

Question 38

____, a bacterial respiratory tract disease caused by the bordetella pertussis bacteria, acquired its common name-whooping cough-from the persistent cough associated with the infection.

A) Gastroenteritis
B) Epiglottitis
C) Renal colic
D) Pertussis

Question 39

____ is a viral infection of the bronchioles caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the parainfluenza virus, or the influenza A virus.

A) Croup
B) Colic
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Cystic fibrosis

Question 40

A simple febrile seizure lasts less than ____ minutes in duration.

A) five
B) ten
C) fifteen
D) thirty

Question 41

Fever is defined as a child's body temperature that rises above ____________________.

Question 42

____________________, the most common type of hernia, can be severe enough that bowel loops pass into the scrotal sac or twist and strangulate, producing significant pain.

Question 43

____________________ is the first-line medication in the treatment of seizures and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, rectally, or intranasally.

Question 44

Some patients who have bacterial meningitis will develop a classic ____________________ (purplish discolorations) caused by one specific bacterium, neisseria meningitidis.

Question 45

A(n) ____ is a protrusion of an organ through an opening in the abdominal wall.