Deck 13: Disturbances of Glucose Metabolism

Question 1

Hypoglycemia in children is the same as in adults.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Large amount of urine production that forces the patient to void often is a condition called ____.

A) polyphagia
B) polyuria
C) polydipsia
D) polyphasia

Answer 2

polyuria

Question 3

____ is a chemical compound composed of long chains of glucose molecules connected together.

A) Glucose
B) Glycogen
C) Insulin
D) Adrenaline

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

____ results from an increase in blood sugar that pulls fluids from tissues into the blood stream causing the body to send out signals that the patient should start to increase water intake.

A) Polyphagia
B) Polyuria
C) Polydipsia
D) Polyphasia

Question 5

____ is defined as an elevation in a woman's blood glucose levels that begins during pregnancy.

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Gestational diabetes
C) Gluconeogenesis
D) Glycogenolysis

Question 6

Approximately half of all daily caloric intake is in the form of carbohydrates, both simple and complex.

Question 7

____ are the main fuel source for the human body.

A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Glucose

Question 8

As individual cells come into contact with blood, and the blood glucose therein, they use the hormone ____ to help transport the glucose from the bloodstream into the cell, where it is then used as an energy source.

A) insulin
B) glycogen
C) glucose
D) adrenaline

Question 9

Rapid-acting insulin may be used when a patient's blood glucose fluctuates quickly; this patient is sometimes referred to as a "____."

A) brittle diabetic
B) unstable diabetic
C) transitional diabetic
D) acute diabetic

Question 10

Glucagon is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels.

Question 11

The American Diabetes Association estimates that approximately 20% of pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Question 12

Insulin prevents the body from breaking down muscles (i.e., catabolism) for use as a source of energy.

Question 13

Glucagon is produced in beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Question 14

____ is the main substrate (source) for energy production in the human body and is utilized by every organ system.

A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Glucose

Question 15

____ is produced in the beta cells within the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas.

A) Glucagen
B) Lipogenesis
C) Insulin
D) Glycerol

Question 16

The treatment for HONKS and DKA is essentially the same in the prehospital setting.

Question 17

Paramedics seldom encounter patients with disorders of glucose metabolism.

Question 18

Both the mobilization and synthesis of glucose is directed by the hormone ____.

A) glucagon
B) insulin
C) leptin
D) glycerol

Question 19

The typical range of blood glucose in the body is between a low of 70 to 80 mg/dL and a high of 120 and 140 mg/dL.

Question 20

As much as a 15% variation can exist between glucose readings obtained from whole blood versus glucose readings obtained from plasma.

Question 21

____________________ is the creation of triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol, which are in turn bound to high density lipoproteins.

Question 22

In the process of digestion, complex carbohydrates such as starches and cellulose are broken down into their simple sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose), a process called ____________________.

Question 23

Patients who are thiamine deficient due to malnourishment are at risk of developing ____ when given a large glucose load.

A) neuroglycopenic symptoms
B) Kussmaul's encephalopathy
C) diabetic ketoacidosis
D) Wernicke's encephalopathy

Question 24

____ is an anomaly of glucose disorders and the patient presents with the signs and symptoms of DKA yet is hypoglycemic.

A) Gluconeogenesis
B) Glycogenolysis
C) Diabetic ketoacidosis
D) Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Question 25

____________________ is a condition of chronic hyperglycemia that does not reach the level of diabetes but has many of the same complications associated with it.

Question 26

____ is the sole energy source for the brain and red blood cells.

A) Glucagen
B) Glycerol
C) Insulin
D) Glucose

Question 27

____ can lead to respiratory distress and exhaustion, with a resultant increase in acidosis and subsequent peripheral vasodilation.

A) Kussmaul's respiration
B) Wernicke's respiration
C) Diabetic ketoacidosis
D) Neuroglycopenic symptoms

Question 28

The most common underlying reason for the development of DKA is ____.

A) undiagnosed diabetes
B) an infection
C) noncompliance with insulin regimens
D) hypoglycemia

Question 29

During DKA, the acidosis causes the potassium to move out of the cells and into the bloodstream, causing ____________________.

Question 30

Chronic diabetes is defined as ongoing for greater than ____ years.

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Question 31

Many EMS systems define hypoglycemia as a blood sugar level less than ____ mg/dL.

A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90

Question 32

____ is characterized by profound hyperglycemia, severe dehydration acidosis, and mental status changes.

A) Gestational diabetes
B) Prediabetes
C) Brittle diabetes
D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 33

Sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes, and a furrowed tongue are all signs of ____.

A) excessive hydration
B) hypoglycemia
C) dehydration
D) hyperglycemia

Question 34

Patients with ____ may have extremely high blood glucose levels (>600) and profound dehydration (up to 9 L), but do not typically become acidotic, and may not produce ketones.

A) HONKS
B) HHNS
C) DKA
D) AKA

Question 35

A(n) ____________________ is a handheld device that requires less than a drop of blood to measure the patient's glucose level.