Deck 10: Disorders of Brain Function

Question 1

Absence seizures can occur so frequently that they interrupt activities of daily living and necessitate medication.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Iatrogenic causes are those causes of altered mental status induced by the situation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Epileptic patients tend to bite their tongue on the top.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Paramedic's primary objective in status epilepticus is to evaluate the seizure activity.

Question 5

Generalized seizures are usually self-limiting.

Question 6

____ are repetitive unconscious movements such as lip smacking, eyelid fluttering, and finger tapping.

A) Neuroautomatic movements
B) Atonicisms
C) Partial seizures
D) Automatisms

Question 7

During a ____, the patient remains conscious.

A) complex partial seizure
B) simple partial seizure
C) psychogenic seizure
D) pseudoseizure

Question 8

Atonic seizures occur without any warning and can result in severe head and/or facial trauma.

Question 9

____ occur(s) during alcohol withdrawal and is often mistaken for a true convulsive disorder, although it is not one.

A) Delirium seizures
B) Delirium tremens
C) Tremors
D) Pseudoseizures

Question 10

____ seizures have four distinct phases: aura, tonic, clonic, and post-ictal.

A) Absence
B) Narcoleptic
C) Tonic-clonic
D) Atonic

Question 11

Wakefulness is a function of the brain's ____.

A) medulla oblongata
B) reticular activating system
C) midbrain
D) brainstem

Question 12

Wakefulness and sleep are part of the body's ____, which is a cyclic phenomena necessary for the body's rejuvenation.

A) REM cycle
B) regulatory system
C) circadian rhythm
D) immune system

Question 13

The excessive endogenous heat made by the body in status epilepticus is difficult to differentiate from the fever associated with meningitis.

Question 14

Wakefulness constitutes consciousness.

Question 15

Although the terms "convulsion" and "seizure" are commonly used interchangeably by the public, convulsion connotes an epileptic seizure whereas seizure would be any new and unexplained event.

Question 16

During a ____, the patient does not remain conscious.

A) pseudoseizure
B) psychogenic seizure
C) simple partial seizure
D) complex partial seizure

Question 17

____ is the common link in Heart-related causes of convulsions.

A) Hypoperfusion
B) Hemodynamics
C) Oxyhemoglobin
D) Hyperperfusion

Question 18

A ____ is an involuntary contraction of voluntary muscles (sometimes called a fit or convulsion) caused by some insult to the central nervous system and the brain.

A) seizure
B) tremor
C) DT
D) pseudoseizure

Question 19

The RAS is located in the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain.

Question 20

The RAS accepts signals from the ____ nerves, sending them upward to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.

A) spinal motor
B) cranial motor
C) efferent
D) afferent

Question 21

Although it is possible to be a patient with a history of epilepsy who has seized, a unique condition called ____________________ of pregnancy can also cause seizures.

Question 22

The presence of a bradycardia, hypertension, and irregular respirations after a seizure, known as ____, should raise suspicion of increased intracranial pressure.

A) Jacksonian's triad
B) Kernig's triad
C) Brudzinshi's triad
D) Cushing's triad

Question 23

Toxemia of pregnancy is also known as ____________________.

Question 24

A(n) ____ seizure, formerly referred to as a drop attack, involves sudden loss of muscle tone and a collapse of the patient to the ground.

A) automatic
B) focal
C) atonic
D) petit mal

Question 25

The seizure patient who remains unconscious even with the absence of muscle activity, a state called ____, is still seizing.

A) Status epilepticus
B) Post-ictal period
C) prolonged twilight
D) nuchal rigidity

Question 26

Consciousness consists of two components-wakefulness and ____________________.

Question 27

Meningeal irritation will cause the patient's legs to lift involuntarily, a condition called ____'s sign.

A) Jacksonian
B) Cushing
C) Brudzinski
D) Kernig

Question 28

____ occurs whenever a neuron is constantly stimulated.

A) Neural tolerance
B) Electroneurostimulation
C) Cytochrome syndrome
D) Neural adaptation

Question 29

Simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures can progress to generalized tonic-clonic seizures, a process called____.

A) secondary generalization
B) absence seizures
C) rapid generalization
D) focal motor generalization

Question 30

Brain injury from continuous or repetitive seizures, a condition called ____, can occur within five minutes.

A) nuchal rigidity
B) status epilepticus
C) post-ictal period
D) prolonged twilight

Question 31

The progressive spread of the convulsions from one point across the body is called the ____ march.

A) Kernig
B) Jacksonian
C) Homans
D) Brudzinski

Question 32

When the drug level of a seizure control drug drops, thus lowering the seizure threshold, then the patient may experience what is referred to as a ____ seizure.

A) breakthrough
B) threshold
C) low drug
D) tolerance

Question 33

When the patient's gaze is fixed when the head is turned, called ____________________'s eyes, then the Paramedic should suspect a brainstem injury.

Question 34

Pain with extension, called ____'s sign, is another indication of meningeal irritation.

A) Kernig
B) Jacksonian
C) Cushing
D) Brudzinski

Question 35

While providing a supportive and protective environment during the post-ictal period, the Paramedic's care should focus on the ____________________.