Deck 16: Toxicological Emergencies

Question 1

The ____ is used primarily to determine whether or not a specific toxin will have any significant effects.

A) route of exposure
B) rate of exposure
C) dosage of the toxin
D) potency of the toxin

Answer 1

route of exposure

Question 2

If a patient is unstable or severely obtunded, he should be transported to the nearest emergency department unless there is a concern that the patient is suicidal.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents produce their symptoms by creating overactivity of the cholinergic, or parasympathetic, nervous system.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

____ are drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, commonly referred to as the fight or flight syndrome.

A) Sympathomimetics
B) Anticholinergics
C) Cholingergics
D) Opiates

Question 5

Of all the sympathomimetic drugs, reports indicate ____ is the most commonly abused drug.

A) marijuana
B) methamphetamine
C) herion
D) cocaine

Question 6

The ____ to a toxin is important in determining both the need for decontamination and need for other treatment.

A) route of exposure
B) dosage of the toxin
C) potency of the toxin
D) time of exposure

Question 7

There is no overlap between the toxidrome for sympathomimetic and anticholinergic poisoning.

Question 8

Certain classes of toxins will produce a series of classic physical exam findings and these are known as ____.

A) opiates
B) cholinergics
C) toxidromes
D) antigens

Question 9

____ is the study of the harmful effects that different chemicals-both natural and man-made-have upon the body.

A) Toxidromy
B) Pharmacology
C) Toxicology
D) Histology

Question 10

All patients who receive naloxone for an opiate overdose should be transported so they can be observed for recurrent symptoms.

Question 11

In general, ingested or inhaled toxins have the most immediate effect.

Question 12

Anticholinergic agents typically work in the neurons by blocking the binding of ____.

A) acetylchilinesterase
B) anticholinergic
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Question 13

The routes of exposure for toxins are very similar to the routes of medication administration: ingested, inhaled, transdermal, and injected.

Question 14

A(n) ____ is a substance to counteract a form of poisoning.

A) toxidrome
B) antidote
C) decontaminant
D) antigen

Question 15

The enzymes which metabolize all of the other alcohols have a greater affinity for ethanol than the other alcohols.

Question 16

Use of ipecac has largely been encouraged for treating ingested poisons in the prehospital environment.

Question 17

ACh doesn't last long normally; after it triggers a depolarization, it is broken down by an enzyme called ____.

A) acetylcholinesterase
B) anticholinergic
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Question 18

The effects from a patient's exposure to a toxin depend on the potency of the toxin, the route of exposure, and the dose.

Question 19

Standard atmospheric pressure is 0 atmospheres.

Question 20

____ poisoning is the most common poison-related cause of death in the United States each year.

A) Carbon dioxide
B) EtOH
C) Oxygen
D) Carbon monoxide

Question 21

Given that dermal absorption is one of the primary routes of exposure for both nerve or OP agent exposure, ____ must be the first step taken.

A) observation of scene
B) evaluation of scene
C) decontamination
D) containment of scene

Question 22

If there is suspected atmospheric CO then appropriately trained personnel with ____ should be the ones initially entering the scene.

A) self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
B) re-breather mask
C) filter mask
D) purifying respirator

Question 23

In one treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning, the patient is put in a(n) ____ that increases pressure from 1 atmosphere to 2.8 atmospheres.

A) iron lung
B) oxygen tent
C) re-breather
D) hyperbaric chamber

Question 24

____ is acute onset of confusion, nystagmus, and ataxia.

A) Palmer's syndrome
B) Korsakoff's syndrome
C) Wernicke's syndrome
D) Weiner's syndrome

Question 25

If Wernicke's syndrome is left untreated, then a condition called ____, with permanent memory loss, can result.

A) Cushing's psychosis
B) Korsakoff's psychosis
C) Palmer's psychosis
D) Weiner's psychosis

Question 26

____, found in rubbing alcohol and other compounds, is approximately three times more potent than ethanol.

A) Formaldehyde
B) Methanol alcohol
C) Ethylene glycol
D) Isopropyl alcohol

Question 27

In the case of a suspected overdose, the first question should ascertain ____.

A) what substance the patient was exposed to
B) when the patent was exposed to the suspected toxin
C) how much of the toxin the patient was exposed to
D) if the overdose was intentional

Question 28

____ is a primary ingredient in radiator cooling fluid and is an extremely toxic substance that can cause acute renal failure and acidosis.

A) Formaldehyde
B) Methanol alcohol
C) Ethylene glycol
D) Isopropyl alcohol

Question 29

A(n) ____________________ is any substance that can cause harmful physical effects when a person is exposed to it.

Question 30

Patients who have expressed the intent to harm themselves or others may require transport to an emergency department with ____________________ capabilities.

Question 31

The antidote for benzodiazepine overdose is ____________________.

Question 32

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause the body to release the hormones epinephrine and ____________________.

Question 33

With ethylene glycol poisoning, ____________________ crystals can form in the urine, kidneys, and blood, decreasing the kidneys' ability to filter the blood and sending the patient into acute renal failure.

Question 34

____ is the most commonly abused drug in the United States.

A) Isopropyl alcohol
B) Ethanol alcohol
C) Methanol alcohol
D) Ethylene glycol

Question 35

The majority of reported poisonings are in children under age ____.

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16