Deck 19: Disorders: Hemorrhage

Question 1

____ is a longitudinal tear in the esophageal or stomach wall.

A) A Mallory-Weiss tear
B) A Mackler tear
C) Hamman's syndrome
D) Boerhaave syndrome

Answer 1

A Mallory-Weiss tear

Question 2

Often a pulse oximeter will give a normal reading, even though the patient is bleeding, with a subsequent drop in hematocrit because the remaining red blood cells are carrying oxygen.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Gastrointestinal bleeding can be divided into two categories: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The subcutaneous emphysema from swallowing air during vomiting causes a crunching sound, called ____, which is most audible every time the heart beats.

A) Hamman's crunch
B) Boerhaave's syndrome
C) Mackler's triad
D) Mallory-Weiss's crunch

Question 5

Intussusception is an abnormal twisting of the gut, causing an acute loss of blood supply.

Question 6

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of conditions that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Question 7

A patient with a volume deficit will experience an increase in preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

Question 8

A(n) ____ is an out-pouching of the stomach through the cardiac opening and into the thoracic cavity.

A) diverticulosis
B) esophageal varices
C) hiatus hernia
D) GERD

Question 9

____ is stool that is dark due to the blood having been digested by the stomach's acidic environment.

A) Melana
B) Angioma
C) Hematochezia
D) Granuloma

Question 10

Patients with a Mallory-Weiss tear may present with acute gastrointestinal bleeding and epigastric pain that radiates to the ____.

A) legs
B) neck
C) back
D) head

Question 11

____ is a full thickness tear (perforation) of the esophagus.

A) A Mallory-Weiss tear
B) A Mackler tear
C) Hamman's syndrome
D) Boerhaave syndrome

Question 12

In approximately 30% of cases of lower GI bleed, the patient will need emergency surgery.

Question 13

____ is an infection of the digestive tract that leads to the frequent passage of diarrhea that may contain blood and mucus.

A) Ischemic bowel syndrome
B) Dysentery
C) Inflammatory bowel disease
D) Intussusception

Question 14

Mallory-Weiss is a full submucosal tear.

Question 15

A patient with a ruptured aortic abdominal aneurysm may present with Grey Turner's sign as well.

Question 16

____ is the result of reflux of stomach acids on the lower third of the esophagus.

A) Esophagitis
B) Dysphagia
C) Esophageal varices
D) GERD

Question 17

____ occurs when pockets develop in the colon's wall.

A) Intussusception
B) Dysentry
C) Diverticulosis
D) Volvulus

Question 18

Fainting or a drop in systolic blood pressure, along with a corresponding increase in heart rate, is suggestive of hypovolemia secondary to internal bleeding.

Question 19

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding originates from the area of the esophagus extending to the middle of the intestines, proximal to the stomach.

Question 20

____ consists of vomiting, lower chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema.

A) Mallory-Weiss triad
B) Mackler's triad
C) Boerhaave syndrome
D) Hamman's tear

Question 21

____ involve(s) a distended abdomen with snake-like veins visible under the skin.

A) Spider angiomas
B) Grey Turner's sign
C) Caput medusa
D) Cullen's sign

Question 22

If a patient is complaining of nausea, then the Paramedic should administer an acceptable ____________________.

Question 23

The Paramedic's assessment for any blood in either vomitus or stool is ____.

A) a GI bleed of unknown origin
B) inflammatory bowel disease
C) dysentery
D) regional enteritis

Question 24

Bruises along the flanks, called ____, may be the result of bleeding from the pancreas into the retroperitoneal space secondary to pancreatitis or blunt trauma.

A) Grey Turner's sign
B) Cullen's sign
C) caput medusa
D) hematochezia

Question 25

____ can occur in ruptured ectopic pregnancies or acute pancreatitis.

A) Volvulus
B) Intraperitoneal hemorrhage
C) IBS
D) Rectal fissures

Question 26

A gradually declining hematocrit, secondary to a slow or occult GI bleed, can lead to ____.

A) rectal fissures
B) intraperitoneal hemorrhage
C) acute pancreatitis
D) anemia

Question 27

____ involve(s) a reddish central spot with extensions that radiate outward.

A) Melana
B) Spider angiomas
C) Granuloma
D) Hematochezia

Question 28

____________________ gastrointestinal bleeding includes bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, and a portion of the small intestine (duodenum) up to the ligament of Treitz.

Question 29

If fluid or blood loss is suspected, the Paramedic should perform ____________________ vital signs.

Question 30

Bruises around the patient's umbilicus, or periumbilical contusion, is called ____ and may be an indication of intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

A) Grey Turner's sign
B) caput medusa
C) hematochezia
D) Cullen's sign

Question 31

The Paramedic's initial focus when examining the patient with abdominal hemorrhage is the presence of ____________________.

Question 32

A(n) ____ should be used to type and cross-match the patient's blood.

A) ischemic tube
B) gel tube
C) clot tube
D) gastric tube

Question 33

Rectal ____________________ can be caused by a tear in the rectal lining, which may occur due to passage of hard stool or insertion of objects into the rectum.

Question 34

____ involves a collection of fluid in the abdomen.

A) Aporidea
B) Ulcerative colitis
C) Edema
D) Ascites

Question 35

Blood and blood products can be infused through a solution of ____% sodium chloride.

A) 0.09
B) 0.9
C) 9.0
D) 9.5