Deck 25: Disturbance: Central Circulation

Question 1

Hypertension is divided into four different classes.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In a hypertensive emergency, ____ patients may complain of generalized itching or also present with altered mental status.

A) MI
B) pulmonary
C) uremic
D) renal

Answer 2

uremic

Question 3

____ manifests itself as altered mental status, seizures, or visual disturbances from the hypertension.

A) Hypertensive crisis
B) Hypertensive encephalopathy
C) Hypertensive urgency
D) Antecedent hypertension

Answer 3

Hypertensive encephalopathy

Question 4

In the field, it is easy to distinguish between an acute hypertensive episode and hypertensive urgency.

Question 5

____ is defined as an acute hypertensive episode without evidence of end-organ damage, even though the patient has risk factors to develop acute end-organ damage.

A) Hypertensive emergency
B) Hypertensive crisis
C) Hypertensive urgency
D) Antecedent hypertension

Question 6

In the brain, the cerebral perfusion pressure is dependent on the ____.

A) mean venous pressure
B) mean arterial pressure
C) absolute venous pressure
D) absolute arterial pressure

Question 7

The relationship between an elevated blood pressure and development of a headache is clear in the literature.

Question 8

It is difficult to definitively define hypertensive encephalopathy in the prehospital setting as a ____ of the brain is required to exclude hemorrhage or stroke as a cause for the altered mental status or seizures.

A) CT scan
B) skull x-rays
C) MRI
D) skull series

Question 9

A patient may have hypertension for several years before he becomes symptomatic or the hypertension is discovered during a routine physical examination.

Question 10

Regardless of the patient's chief concern, the Paramedic needs to gather information that will help determine if the hypertensive episode is producing ____.

A) pre-eclampsia damage
B) pulmonary damage
C) neurologic damage
D) end-organ damage

Question 11

If pre-eclampsia or eclampsia are present, the patient should be given an infusion of ____ grams of magnesium sulfate over 10 to 15 minutes to treat the effects of these conditions.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 12

Patients exhibiting symptoms and signs of heart failure should be treated with ____.

A) ACE inhibitors
B) beta inhibitors
C) channel blockers
D) nitrates

Question 13

With respect to a hypertensive episode, ____ may indicate heart failure or an angina equivalent in the patient with past cardiac disease.

A) chest pain
B) dyspnea
C) skin color change
D) back pain

Question 14

With respect to a hypertensive episode from a cardiopulmonary standpoint, the Paramedic should auscultate the lungs for ____.

A) murmurs
B) rhonchi
C) rales
D) ascites

Question 15

A ____ is defined as severe hypertension that results in acute impairment of an organ system.

A) hypertensive emergency
B) hypertensive crisis
C) hypertensive episode
D) hypertensive event

Question 16

According to the Centers for Disease Control National Center for Health Statistics, approximately 45 million people visited a primary care office with hypertension.

Question 17

With respect to a hypertensive episode from a ____ standpoint, the Paramedic should ask about headaches, double vision or vision loss, numbness, and weakness.

A) pre-eclamptic
B) pulmonary
C) neurologic
D) cardiovascular

Question 18

With respect to a hypertensive episode when examining a patient from a renal standpoint, the Paramedic should examine the patient's skin for color and evidence of ____.

A) scratching
B) blotching
C) edema
D) jaundice

Question 19

With respect to a hypertensive episode, any abdominal or back pain should alert the Paramedic to assess the patient for a(n) ____.

A) arrhythmia
B) ruptured disk
C) abscess
D) ruptured abdominal aneurysm

Question 20

With respect to a hypertensive episode from a cardiopulmonary standpoint, the Paramedic should auscultate the heart for ____.

A) rales
B) murmurs
C) congestive failure
D) pulmonary edema

Question 21

Patients with a history of ____________________ syndrome are at greater risk for an abdominal aortic aneurysm and may experience it at an earlier age.

Question 22

The Paramedic should determine the patient's blood ____________________ level if the patient has an altered mental status.

Question 23

Intubated patients should be monitored during transport with ____________________ to ensure correct placement of the endotracheal tube and serve as another means of monitoring the patient's ventilation and perfusion.

Question 24

Nitrates cause ____________________, which may decrease the patient's blood pressure.

Question 25

A(n) ____________________ episode is where a patient presents with Stage II hypertension but without signs or symptoms of end-organ damage.