Question 1

____, a parasitic infection that affects the red blood cells, is the most common infection-related hemolytic anemia in the world.&#10;A) Mononucleosis&#10;B) Malaria&#10;C) Polycythemia&#10;D) Crone's disease

Accepted Answer

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through infected mosquitoes. It affects the red blood cells and can lead to hemolytic anemia, which is the destruction of red blood cells. Malaria is the most common infection-related cause of hemolytic anemia in the world. Mononucleosis is a viral infection that can affect the immune system and cause fatigue, but it does not directly affect red blood cells. Polycythemia is a condition where there are too many red blood cells in the body, often caused by a bone marrow disorder. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, but it does not directly involve the red blood cells.

Question 2

____ is a condition in which there is an overactivation of both the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems.&#10;A) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia&#10;B) Dysfunctional platelet syndrome&#10;C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation&#10;D) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition where there is an overactivation of both the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, leading to both clotting and bleeding at the same time. This can result in the consumption of platelets and other clotting factors, leading to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (A) is a condition where heparin administration causes a decrease in platelets due to an immune-mediated process. Dysfunctional platelet syndrome (B) is a condition where there is a defect in platelet function leading to bleeding, but this does not involve overactivation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (D) is a condition where the immune system attacks and destroys platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia and bleeding. This does not involve overactivation of coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Question 3

HUS typically affects children 6 years old to 10 years old.

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) most commonly affects children under the age of 5.

Question 4

____ is similar to TTP in that platelets clumping in the small blood vessels in the kidney cause localized ischemia within the kidney as well as a hemolytic anemia as the red blood cells have difficulty passing through the smaller blood vessels.

A) HEELP
B) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
C) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
D) Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a condition where platelets clump together in the small blood vessels of the kidney, causing localized ischemia within the kidney as well as a hemolytic anemia. This is similar to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which also involves platelet clumping and can lead to kidney damage and hemolytic anemia. However, HUS is typically caused by an infection with E. coli bacteria, while TTP is often caused by an autoimmune disorder. HEELP and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are not directly related to platelet clumping in the kidney. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) also involves abnormal clotting but does not specifically involve platelets clumping in the kidneys.

Question 5

The problem with polycythemia is that the viscosity, or thickness, of the blood is decreased.

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia actually increases the thickness and viscosity of the blood due to an increase in the number of red blood cells. This can lead to issues with blood flow and circulation.

Question 6

____ is a condition in adults in which platelets clump together and partially occlude the small blood vessels.&#10;A) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura&#10;B) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura&#10;C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation&#10;D) HEELP

Accepted Answer

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a condition caused by the deficiency of the enzyme ADAMTS13, which results in the formation of small blood clots in small vessels throughout the body. This can lead to organ damage and the characteristic purpura rash. ITP (B) is a condition in which the body destroys its own platelets, leading to a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. DIC (C) is a condition in which the clotting system is overactivated, leading to widespread clotting in the body and then subsequent bleeding. HELLP (D) is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to liver dysfunction, low platelet counts, and other features.

Question 7

The process of primary hemostasis depends on the interaction between the innermost layer of cells in the lining of the blood vessel and circulating platelets in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Primary hemostasis involves the initial formation of a platelet plug at the site of injury in response to the interaction between the vessel wall and platelets in the blood.

Question 8

____ is a form of hemoglobin that is not able to carry oxygen.&#10;A) Polycythemia&#10;B) Methemoglobinemia&#10;C) Sickle cell anemia&#10;D) Congenital hemolytic anemias

Accepted Answer

Methemoglobinemia is a condition where the iron in hemoglobin is in the oxidized form and is not able to carry oxygen. This can lead to tissue hypoxia and cyanosis. Polycythemia is a condition where there is an increase in the number of red blood cells, and Congenital hemolytic anemias are a group of inherited disorders where the red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder where the red blood cells are abnormally shaped, leading to a reduced ability to carry oxygen. However, sickle cell hemoglobin is still able to carry oxygen, albeit less efficiently than normal hemoglobin.

Question 9

____ is defined as an increased amount of circulating solid blood components.&#10;A) Polycythemia&#10;B) Methemoglobinemia&#10;C) Congenital hemolytic anemia&#10;D) Sickle cell anemia

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia is defined as an increased amount of red blood cells in the circulation. It can be primary (due to a neoplastic process) or secondary (due to hypoxia or other causes). Methemoglobinemia is an abnormal form of hemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen, congenital hemolytic anemia is a group of inherited disorders that cause red blood cells to break down prematurely, and sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin and misshapen red blood cells.

Question 10

A patient can develop a hemolytic anemia as a result of _____ damage to the red blood cells.&#10;A) chemical&#10;B) neurological&#10;C) systemic&#10;D) mechanical

Accepted Answer

Mechanical damage to the red blood cells can cause a hemolytic anemia. This can occur due to factors such as shearing forces in blood vessels, prosthetic heart valves, or certain medical devices.

Question 11

____ is a term used to describe any bleeding disorder due to problems with the coagulation cascade.&#10;A) Primary hemostasis&#10;B) Secondary hemostasis&#10;C) Coagulation therapy&#10;D) Coagulopathy

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is a term used to describe...

Question 12

A patient can develop a hemolytic anemia as a result of mechanical damage to the red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient can develop a hemolytic anemia...

Question 13

____ is a syndrome that is associated with preeclampsia, a complication of pregnancy that is associated with hemolytic anemia.&#10;A) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura&#10;B) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura&#10;C) HEELP&#10;D) Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is a syndrome that is associated...

Question 14

A(n) ____ occurs when the person develops antibodies to red blood cells after an exposure to another individual's red blood cells.&#10;A) disseminated intravascular coagulation&#10;B) alloimmune hemolytic anemia&#10;C) congenital hemolytic anemia&#10;D) immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____ occurs when the person develops...

Question 15

The goal of ____ is to strengthen the clot plug in the damaged vessel to ensure that it is not dislodged.&#10;A) secondary hemostasis&#10;B) primary hemostasis&#10;C) coagulation cascade&#10;D) coagulopathy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The goal of ____ is to strengthen...

Question 16

Patients who have a history of hemophilia or von Willebrand disease and sustain minor trauma should be transported to a trauma center unless the distance is prohibitive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients who have a history of hemophilia...

Question 17

____ involves bleeding into larger joints.&#10;A) Hemarthrosis&#10;B) Hemophilla&#10;C) Petechiae&#10;D) Anaphylaxis

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ involves bleeding into larger joints.&#10;A) Hemarthrosis&#10;B)...

Question 18

In addition to dissolving existing clots, the ____ system slows down the activation of several of the proteins in the coagulation system.&#10;A) streptokinase&#10;B) fibrinolytic&#10;C) protein activation&#10;D) hemodynamic

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to dissolving existing clots, the...

Question 19

Paramedics may treat patients with hereditary TTP by administering ____.&#10;A) heparin&#10;B) oxygen&#10;C) fresh frozen plasma&#10;D) B-12 injection

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paramedics may treat patients with hereditary TTP...

Question 20

____ involves a series of clotting factors or proteins that change form.&#10;A) Primary hemostasis&#10;B) Secondary hemostasis&#10;C) Coagulation cascade&#10;D) Primary homeostasis

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ involves a series of clotting factors...

Question 21

The body uses a series of mechanisms to maintain ____________________, an adequate blood volume, by preventing the loss of blood from bleeding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The body uses a series of mechanisms...

Question 22

Relative polycythemia can occur if the patient is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Relative polycythemia can occur if the patient...

Question 23

Patients who were on either heparin or a low molecular weight heparin medication may have developed delayed heparin-induced ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients who were on either heparin or...

Question 24

____________________ is a compensatory mechanism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a compensatory mechanism in chronic...

Question 25

____________________ means that the disease affects the smaller blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ means that the disease affects the...

Deck 23: Bleeding Disorders